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can

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "can"
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Translingual

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Symbol

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can

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Chambri.

See also

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English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-né-
Proto-Indo-European *-ti
Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti
Proto-Germanic *kunnaną
Proto-West Germanic *kunnan
Old English cunnan
Middle English can
English can

    From Middle English can, first and third person singular of connen, cunnen (“to be able, know how”), from Old English can(n), first and third person singular of cunnan (“to know how”), from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (whence also know). Doublet of con. See also: canny, cunning.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronunciation notes

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    • Some US dialects glottalize the final /t/ in can't ([kæn(ʔ)]), so in order to differentiate can't from can, they pronounce can as /kɛn/ even when stressed.

    Verb

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    can (third-person singular simple present can, present participle (by suppletion) able, simple past could, past participle (obsolete) couth)

    1. (auxiliary verb, defective) To know how to.
      Antonyms: cannot, can't
      She can speak English, French, and German.
      I can play football.
      • 1449, Reginald Pecock, Represser of over-much weeting [blaming] of the Clergie:
        prouyng which eny clerk can or woel or mai make bi eny maner euydence of resoun or of Scripture, and namelich of resoun into the contrarie.
      • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:
        If thou canst awake by four o' the clock, / I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly.
    2. (auxiliary verb, defective) To be able to.
      Synonym: be able to
      Antonyms: cannot, can't
      Can you remember your fifth birthday?
      Animals can experience emotions.
      Can you hear that?
      I can feel the baby moving inside me.
      • 2013 July–August, Lee S. Langston, “The Adaptable Gas Turbine”, in American Scientist:
        Turbines have been around for a long time—windmills and water wheels are early examples. The name comes from the Latin turbo, meaning vortex, and thus the defining property of a turbine is that a fluid or gas turns the blades of a rotor, which is attached to a shaft that can perform useful work.
    3. (modal auxiliary verb, defective, informal) May; to be permitted or enabled to.
      Synonym: may
      Antonyms: cannot, can't, may not, mayn't
      You can go outside and play when you're finished with your homework.
      Can I use your pen?
    4. (modal auxiliary verb, defective) To have the potential to; to be possible for (someone or something) to.
      Antonyms: cannot, can't
      Can it be Friday already?
      You can not only learn English here, you can also practice with native speakers.
      Teenagers can really try their parents' patience.
      • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
        The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. […] Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?
      • 2009, Annette Sym, Simply Too Good to be True, Greenleaf Book Group, →ISBN, page 4:
        Teenagers can be so cruel, and nicknames cut deep.
    5. (modal auxiliary verb, defective, informal) Used to form requests, typically polite.
      Can you please come over here?
      Can we try that scene again?
    6. (obsolete, transitive) To know.
      Synonyms: cognize, grok, ken
    7. (India, nonstandard, proscribed) To be (followed by a word like able, possible, allowed). third-person singular simple present indicative of can
      • 2011 November 29, Tai-hoon Kim, Hojjat Adeli, Carlos Ramos, Byeong-Ho Kang, Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition: International Conferences, SIP 2011, Held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2011, in Conjunction with GDC 2011, Jeju Island, Korea, December 8-10, 2011. Proceedings, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 114:
        Importance of Identifying Leaf: Identify Plants: If we can able to identify leaf, we can easily able to identify plants.
      • 2018 February 15, Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India: Law, Policy, and Practice, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:
        Children in need of care and protection can allowed to be placed in foster care based on the orders of the CWC. The selection of the foster family is based on the family's ability, intent, capacity, and prior experience of taking care […]
      • 2020 May 22, Pardeep Kumar, Vasaki Ponnusamy, Vishal Jain, Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems: Transforming the Conventional to Digital: Transforming the Conventional to Digital, IGI Global, →ISBN, page 226:
        It can possible to design the ruleset refreshes that allow them to subsequently run at precise interludes and these keep informed.
    9. (Manglish, Singlish, auxiliary or intransitive) To be able to or know how to (do something); an accompanying verb is not required if it is already inferable from context.
      Can anot? ― You good? Need help?
    11. (Manglish, Singlish, intransitive) To be fine or acceptable; to be possible; (with liao or already) to be enough. Often used in conjunction with a variety of clause-final particles, e.g., lah, meh or one, to express different attitudes towards the subject matter.
      Can liao, don’t need to use so much glue. ― That’s enough glue already.
      • 2015 September 5, Derrick Ho, Chew Hui Min, Lee Min Kok, Shea Driscoll, Nilanjana Sengupta, Melissa Heng, Ong Hwee Hwee, quoting Lee Hsien Loong, “GE2015: 5 things about the third night of rallies on Sept 4”, in The Straits Times:
        We have been doing this for 50 years, we have shown you what we can do. If I say can, means can. […]
      • 2021 August 5, Zat Astha, “The Lessons We’re Still Learning Too Slowly About Mental Health and Suicide”, in ricemedia.co‎[1], archived from the original on 11 December 2024:
        It’s further exacerbated by well-intentioned but misguided relatives who say, “you’re from School X, can one lah”, or worse, those who associate the very identity of being a student in an elite academy into a label analogous with expectations of high achievements.
      • 2024 June 10, Kimberly Lim, “What’s With Singapore’s Surge in Self-Proclaimed Life Coaches?”, in ricemedia.co‎[2], archived from the original on 19 September 2024:
        When controversial KOL Sylvia Chan resurfaced in March as a life coach, the general online sentiment was, “Huh, can meh?”
    Usage notes
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    • For a missing form, substitute the appropriate inflected form of be able to, as:
      • I might be able to go.
      • (present perfect) I have been able to go, since I was seven.
      • (past perfect) I had been able to go before.
      • (future) I will be able to go tomorrow.
    • For the simple conditional mood or past tense, the auxiliary verb could is commonly used (context usually makes it clear whether conditional or past is intended):
      • (conditional) I could go if it weren't raining is equivalent to I would be able to go if it weren't raining.
      • (past) When I was younger, I could go for miles is equivalent to When I was younger, I was able to go for miles.
    • The present tense negative can not is usually contracted to cannot (more formal) or can’t (less formal).
    • The use of can in asking permission is sometimes criticized as being impolite or incorrect by those who favour the more formal alternative “may I...?”.
    Conjugation
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    Conjugation of can
    infinitive —
    present tense past tense
    1st-person singular can could
    2nd-person singular can, canst†, cannest† could, couldst†, couldest†, could'st†
    3rd-person singular can, canneth2 could
    plural can
    subjunctive can could
    imperative can† —
    participles able, canning† could1

    † Archaic or obsolete. 1 Dialectal. 2 Sparsely attested near 1500.[1]

    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Descendants

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    • Antigua and Barbuda Creole English: kyaan

    See also

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    Interjection

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    can

    1. (Manglish, Singlish) OK, sure; indicates approval or acknowledgment.
    2. (Manglish, Singlish, with falling or rising-falling pitch) Used to convey reassurance.

    Particle

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    can

    1. (Manglish, Singlish, interrogative) OK(?); used at the end of a question when seeking approval or acknowledgment.
      I cut this wire, can? ― I’ll cut this wire, OK?
      • 1989, Eleanor Wong, Jackson on a Jaunt, or, Mistaken Identities, page 8, lines 1–3:
        Can you go collect them or not? The shop is at Jalan Sultan. I’m not free, otherwise I’ll do it myself. Can?
      • 2020 June 29, Poh Yong Han, “A Regular Singaporean’s Guide To Each Party’s Vision For The Economy”, in ricemedia.co‎[3], archived from the original on 23 May 2024:
        It feels like a cheap gimmick to attract environmentalist types, when I don’t see any concrete policies to address that. If you don’t care, then don’t pretend to care leh. If you care, then make sure you got details to back you up, can?

    Etymology 2

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    From Middle English canne, from Old English canne (“glass, container, cup, jar”), from Proto-Germanic *kannǭ (“can, tankard, mug, cup”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    A can (sense 1) of hair spray with a clear cap.
    An unlabeled corrugated can (sense 1.1), often used to store preserved foods.

    can (plural cans)

    1. A container or vessel, especially for liquids, usually made of metal.
      I keep a can of fuel for emergencies.
      2. A sealed metal container, cylindrical or cuboid in form, typically used to store preserved foods.
        Synonyms: (Australia, Britain, and some Commonwealth nations) tin, bin
        Soup in a can lasts for years.
    2. A container used to carry and dispense water for plants (a watering can).
    3. (archaic) A chamber pot.
      1. (US, slang) a toilet or lavatory.
        (toilet): Synonyms: see Thesaurus:chamber pot, Thesaurus:toilet
        (place with a toilet): Synonyms: see Thesaurus:bathroom
        Shit or get off the can.
        Bob's in the can. You can wait a few minutes or just leave it with me.
    4. (childish or mildly vulgar, slang, Canada, US) Buttocks.
    5. (mildly vulgar, slang, Canada, US) The breasts of a woman.
    6. (slang) Jail or prison.
      Bob’s in the can. He won’t be back for a few years.
      • 1988, The Traveling Wilburys, “Tweeter and the Monkey Man”, in The Traveling Wilburys, Vol. 1:
        The undercover cop never liked the Monkey Man / Even back in childhood, he wanted to see him in the can
    7. (slang, in the plural) Headphones.
    8. (archaic) A drinking cup.
    9. (nautical) A cylindrical buoy or marker used to denote a port-side lateral mark
    10. A chimney pot.
    11. (slang, in the plural) An E-meter used in Scientology auditing.
    12. (US, slang) An ounce (or sometimes, two ounces) of marijuana.
      • 1970, California. Supreme Court, Reports of Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of California:
        […] prosecution for selling and giving away marijuana, the evidence clearly constituted substantial proof that a package purchased by defendant contained marijuana where he requested "four cans" of marijuana to be delivered to himself and […]
    13. A protective cover for the fuel element in a nuclear reactor.
    Hyponyms
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    Hyponyms of can (Etymology 2)
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Verb

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    can (third-person singular simple present cans, present participle canning, simple past and past participle canned)

    1. (transitive) To seal in a can.
      They canned air to sell as a novelty to tourists.
    2. (transitive) To preserve by heating and sealing in a jar or can.
      They spent August canning fruit and vegetables.
    3. (transitive) To discard, scrap or terminate (an idea, project, etc.).
      He canned the whole project because he thought it would fail.
      • 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, pages 67–68:
        My next stop is Oxford, which has also grown with the addition of new platforms to accommodate the Chiltern Railways service to London via Bicester - although, short sightedly, the planned electrification from Paddington was canned. Evidence of the volte-face can be seen along the line at places such as Radley, where mast piles are already sunk or lie discarded at the lineside.
    4. (transitive, slang) To shut up.
      Can your gob.
      • 1929, Elmer Rice, Street Scene, New York City: Samuel French, Act II, page 146:
        Maurrant: Aw, can all that talk! You been listenin’ to them bolshevikis, that’s the trouble.
    5. (US, euphemistic, transitive) To fire or dismiss an employee.
      The boss canned him for speaking out.
      • 2022 November 25, Ben Cost, “Man wins legal right to be 'boring' at work, gets $3K from company”, in New York Post‎[5], NYP Holdings, archived from the original on 21 August 2025:
        As a result of his refusal, the employee was subsequently canned in 2015 on the basis of "professional inadequacy" and failing to embody the "party" atmosphere that the consultancy was trying to cultivate.
    6. (golf, slang, transitive) To hole the ball.
      • 1958, Dick Mayer, How to Think and Swing Like a Golf Champion, page 186:
        I thought I had canned it, but it just missed, and I tapped in the second one for a par.
    7. (transitive) To cover (the fuel element in a nuclear reactor) with a protective cover.
    Conjugation
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    Conjugation of can
    infinitive (to) can
    present tense past tense
    1st-person singular can canned
    2nd-person singular
    3rd-person singular cans
    plural can
    subjunctive can canned
    imperative can —
    participles canning canned
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ “can, v.1.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2024.
    • “can”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

    Anagrams

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    Afar

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    Can.

    Etymology

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    Related to Somali caano, Oromo aannan and Saho xan.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈħan/ [ˈħʌn]
    • Hyphenation: can

    Noun

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    cán m (plural caanowá f or canooná f)

    1. milk

    Declension

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            Declension of cán      
    absolutive cán
    predicative cána
    subjective cán
    genitive cantí
      Postpositioned forms
    l-case cánal
    k-case cának
    t-case cánat
    h-case cánah

    References

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    • Loren F. Bliese (1981), A Generative Grammar of Afar‎[6], Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington (doctoral thesis).
    • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “can”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
    • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[7], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

    Aragonese

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    Un can.

    Etymology

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    Inherited from Latin canis. Cognates include Spanish can and Catalan ca.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈkan/
    • Rhymes: -an
    • Syllabification: can

    Noun

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    can m (plural cans)

    1. dog

    References

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    • Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002), “can”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN
    • Martínez Tur, Feliciano; Rodés Orquín, Francho (2022), “can”, in Diccionario aragonés-castellano-catalán‎[8], Zaragoza, Spain: Estudio de Filolochía Aragonesa, Edicions Dichitals de l’Academia de l’Aragonés, published April 2025, →ISSN, page 201

    Asturian

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    Etymology

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    From Latin canis, canem.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈkan/ [ˈkãŋ]
    • Rhymes: -an
    • Syllabification: can

    Noun

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    can m (plural canes)

    1. dog (animal)
      Synonym: perru

    Azerbaijani

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    Other scripts
    Cyrillic ҹан
    Arabic جان

    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Classical Persian جَان (jān)bor.
    Old Anatolian Turkish جان (cān)
    Azerbaijani can

      Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish جان (cān), borrowed from Classical Persian جَان (jān).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      can (definite accusative canı, plural canlar)

      1. soul, spirit
      2. being, creature, life
      3. body (in expressions concerning body sensations)
        Synonym: bədən
        Canım ağrıyır. ― My body is aching.
        Canıma üşütmə düşdü. ― My body is shivering.
      4. force, vigour
      5. life (the state of organisms preceding their death)
        canını almaq ― to kill (literally, “to take the life of”)
        şirin canından olmaq (idomatic) ― to die (tragically/violently) (literally, “to be bereft of one's sweet/dear life”)
      6. (video games) health

      Declension

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      Declension of can
      singular plural
      nominative cancanlar
      definite accusative canıcanları
      dative canacanlara
      locative candacanlarda
      ablative candancanlardan
      definite genitive canıncanların
      Possessive forms of can
      nominative
      singular plural
      mənim (“my”) canım canlarım
      sənin (“your”) canın canların
      onun (“his/her/its”) canı canları
      bizim (“our”) canımız canlarımız
      sizin (“your”) canınız canlarınız
      onların (“their”) canı or canları canları
      accusative
      singular plural
      mənim (“my”) canımı canlarımı
      sənin (“your”) canını canlarını
      onun (“his/her/its”) canını canlarını
      bizim (“our”) canımızı canlarımızı
      sizin (“your”) canınızı canlarınızı
      onların (“their”) canını or canlarını canlarını
      dative
      singular plural
      mənim (“my”) canıma canlarıma
      sənin (“your”) canına canlarına
      onun (“his/her/its”) canına canlarına
      bizim (“our”) canımıza canlarımıza
      sizin (“your”) canınıza canlarınıza
      onların (“their”) canına or canlarına canlarına
      locative
      singular plural
      mənim (“my”) canımda canlarımda
      sənin (“your”) canında canlarında
      onun (“his/her/its”) canında canlarında
      bizim (“our”) canımızda canlarımızda
      sizin (“your”) canınızda canlarınızda
      onların (“their”) canında or canlarında canlarında
      ablative
      singular plural
      mənim (“my”) canımdan canlarımdan
      sənin (“your”) canından canlarından
      onun (“his/her/its”) canından canlarından
      bizim (“our”) canımızdan canlarımızdan
      sizin (“your”) canınızdan canlarınızdan
      onların (“their”) canından or canlarından canlarından
      genitive
      singular plural
      mənim (“my”) canımın canlarımın
      sənin (“your”) canının canlarının
      onun (“his/her/its”) canının canlarının
      bizim (“our”) canımızın canlarımızın
      sizin (“your”) canınızın canlarınızın
      onların (“their”) canının or canlarının canlarının

      Derived terms

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      compound verbs and phrases
      proverbs

      References

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      Catalan

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      Pronunciation

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      Contraction

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      can

      1. contraction of ca +‎ en, literally “the house of”

      Further reading

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      Chinese

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      Etymology 1

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      Clipping of English canteen.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      can

      1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) canteen; restaurant (in a university campus)

      Etymology 2

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      Clipping of English cancer.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      can

      1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) cancer
      Synonyms
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      Classical Nahuatl

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      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

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      cān

      1. where

      Derived terms

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      Emilian

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      Etymology

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      From Latin canis.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      can m (feminine singular câgna, masculine plural can, feminine plural câgni) (Bologna)

      1. dog

      References

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      Lepri, Luigi; Vitali, Daniele (2002), “can”, in Dizionario Bolognese-Italiano, Italiano-Bolognese. Dizionèri Bulgnaiṡ-Itagliàn, Itagliàn-Bulgnaiṡ, 2nd edition, Bologna: Pendragon, →ISBN

      Gagauz

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish جان (cān), from Persian جان (jân). [1]Compare Turkish can, Azerbaijani can.[2]

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      can (definite accusative canı, plural cannar)

      1. an individual's life, soul, life
        canını ortaya koymaa
        to put one's life in line
      2. soul, spirit
      3. life, vigor

      Declension

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      Declension of can
      singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
      nominative (yalın) can cannar
      definite accusative (belirtme) canı cannarı
      dative (yönelme) cana cannara
      locative (bulunma) canda cannarda
      ablative (çıkma) candan cannardan
      genitive (tamlayan) canın cannarın

      Derived terms

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      [edit]

      References

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      1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “can”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
      2. ^ András Rajki, A Concise Gagauz Dictionary with etymologies and Turkish, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar and Turkmen cognates, 2007

      Further reading

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      • Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “can”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 40
      • Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “can”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 20

      Galician

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      Can ("dog")

      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈkaŋ/ [ˈkɑŋ]
      • Rhymes: -aŋ
      • Hyphenation: can

      Etymology 1

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        Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese can, from Latin canis, canem. Cognate with Portuguese cão.

        Noun

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        can m (plural cans)

        1. dog
          Synonyms: cadelo, cuzo
          Cando o can ladra na rúa, non ladra de balde.
          When the dog barks in the street, it does not bark for nothing
        2. (historical) 20th century 5, 10 cents of peseta coin
        [edit]

        Etymology 2

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          Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese quan, from Latin quam. Cognate with Portuguese quão and Spanish cuan.

          Noun

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          can m (plural cans)

          1. how

          Etymology 3

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            Derived from Old French chan, from Medieval Latin canus, ultimately from Turkic *qan, contraction of *qaɣan.

            Noun

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            can m (plural cans)

            1. khan

            References

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            Interlingua

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            Noun

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            can (plural canes)

            1. dog
            2. cock, hammer (of a firearm)

            Irish

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            Pronunciation

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            Etymology 1

            [edit]

            From Old Irish canaid,[1] from Proto-Celtic *kaneti (“to sing”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n-. Compare Welsh canu, Latin canō, Ancient Greek καναχέω (kanakhéō), Persian خواندن (xândan).

            Verb

            [edit]

            can (present analytic canann, future analytic canfaidh, verbal noun canadh, past participle canta)

            1. to sing
              • 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny; Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 1:
                Thuas i dteach an tsolais, faoi réaltaí geala, canann Bronach Amhrán na Mara dá mac Ben atá cúig bliana d'aois.
                [original: Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.]
            2. (Ulster) to speak, talk
              Synonyms: labhair, bí ag caint
            Conjugation
            [edit]
            Conjugation of can (first conjugation – A)
            indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
            first second third first second third
            present canaim canann tú;
            canair†             		canann sé, sí canaimid; canann muid canann sibh canann siad;
            canaid†             		a chanann; a chanas cantar
            past chan mé; chanas chan tú; chanais chan sé, sí chanamar; chan muid chan sibh; chanabhair chan siad; chanadar a chan canadh
            past habitual chanainn /
            canainn‡             		chantá /
            cantᇠ            		chanadh sé, sí /
            canadh sé, sí‡             		chanaimis; chanadh muid /
            canaimis‡; canadh muid‡             		chanadh sibh /
            canadh sibh‡             		chanaidís; chanadh siad /
            canaidís‡; canadh siad‡             		a chanadh chantaí /
            cantaí‡
            singular plural direct relative autonomous
            first second third first second third
            future canfaidh mé;
            canfad             		canfaidh tú;
            canfair†             		canfaidh sé, sí canfaimid;
            canfaidh muid             		canfaidh sibh canfaidh siad;
            canfaid†             		a chanfaidh; a chanfas canfar
            conditional chanfainn /
            canfainn‡             		chanfá /
            canfᇠ            		chanfadh sé, sí /
            canfadh sé, sí‡             		chanfaimis; chanfadh muid /
            canfaimis‡; canfadh muid‡             		chanfadh sibh /
            canfadh sibh‡             		chanfaidís; chanfadh siad /
            canfaidís‡; canfadh siad‡             		a chanfadh chanfaí /
            canfaí‡
            subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
            first second third first second third
            present go gcana mé;
            go gcanad†             		go gcana tú;
            go gcanair†             		go gcana sé, sí go gcanaimid;
            go gcana muid             		go gcana sibh go gcana siad;
            go gcanaid†             		— go gcantar
            past dá gcanainn dá gcantá dá gcanadh sé, sí dá gcanaimis;
            dá gcanadh muid             		dá gcanadh sibh dá gcanaidís;
            dá gcanadh siad             		— dá gcantaí
            imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
            first second third first second third
            — canaim can canadh sé, sí canaimis canaigí;
            canaidh†             		canaidís — cantar
            past participle canta
            verbal noun canadh

            † archaic or dialect form
            ‡ dependent form

            Etymology 2

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m (genitive singular cana, uncountable)

            1. sawdust, wood shavings
            2. dandruff
            Declension
            [edit]
            Declension of can (third declension, no plural)
            bare forms
            singular
            nominative can
            vocative a chan
            genitive cana
            dative can
            forms with the definite article
            singular
            nominative an can
            genitive an chana
            dative leis an gcan
            don chan

            Etymology 3

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m

            1. state, condition

            Adverb

            [edit]

            can (interrogative adverb)

            1. (literary) whence
            Derived terms
            [edit]

            Mutation

            [edit]
            Mutated forms of can
            radical lenition eclipsis
            can chan gcan

            Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
            All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

            References

            [edit]
            1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “canaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

            Further reading

            [edit]
            • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “canaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 113
            • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “can”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

            Istriot

            [edit]

            Etymology 1

            [edit]

            Inherited from Latin canis.

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m (plural cani)

            1. dog
            2. trigger for rifle

            Etymology 2

            [edit]

            (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m

            1. banded dry-murex (Hexaplex trunculus)

            References

            [edit]
            • Pellizzer, Antonio; Pellizzer, Giovanni (1992), Vocabolario del dialetto di Rovigno d'Istria‎[10], →ISSN, page 176
            • Cergna, Sandro (2015), Vocabolario del dialetto di Valle d'Istria‎[11], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 69

            Italian

            [edit]

            Pronunciation

            [edit]
            • IPA(key): /ˈkan/
            • Rhymes: -an
            • Hyphenation: càn

            Etymology 1

            [edit]

            From Turkic.

            Alternative forms

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m (uncountable)

            1. (obsolete) alternative spelling of khan

            Etymology 2

            [edit]

            See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m (apocopated)

            1. (poetic, literary) apocopic form of cane; dog

            Ligurian

            [edit]

            Alternative forms

            [edit]

            Etymology

            [edit]

            From Latin canis, canem (“dog”).

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m (plural chen, diminutive cagnetto or cagnin, feminine cagna)

            1. dog, male dog
            [edit]

            Lombard

            [edit]

            Etymology

            [edit]

            From Latin canis. Cognate with Italian cane.

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            can m (plural can, diminutive cagnœl, feminine cagna)

            1. dog

            Malay

            [edit]

            Pronunciation

            [edit]
            • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃan/ [ˈt͡ʃan]
            • Rhymes: -an

            Etymology 1

            [edit]

            Borrowed from English chance.

            Noun

            [edit]

            can (uncountable)

            1. (Malaysia, colloquial) chance (of opportunity)
              Synonym: peluang

            Etymology 2

            [edit]

            (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

            Noun

            [edit]

            can (plural can-can)

            1. (Pontianak) job
            2. (Medan) opportunity

            Mandarin

            [edit]

            Romanization

            [edit]

            can

            1. nonstandard spelling of cān
            2. nonstandard spelling of cán
            3. nonstandard spelling of cǎn
            4. nonstandard spelling of càn

            Usage notes

            [edit]
            • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

            Middle Dutch

            [edit]

            Verb

            [edit]

            can

            1. first/third-person singular present indicative of connen

            Middle English

            [edit]

            Etymology 1

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            can

            1. alternative form of canne

            Etymology 2

            [edit]

            Verb

            [edit]

            can

            1. alternative form of cunnen

            Middle Welsh

            [edit]

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Etymology 1

            [edit]

              From Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *gant, from Proto-Celtic *kanti (“together with”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-ti-, from *ḱóm (“with”).

              Preposition

              [edit]

              can

              1. with
              2. by
              Usage notes
              [edit]

              The radical (unmutated) form can is very rare. The aspirated form chan appears after a (“and”), while the soft-mutated form gan is the usual form.

              Etymology 2

              [edit]

                Numeral

                [edit]

                can

                1. alternative form of cant used before a noun
                  • 14th century, anonymous author, edited by R. L. Thomson, Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet (Mediaeval and Modern Welsh Series; vol. I), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, published 1980, page 2, lines 37–38:
                    ‘Hynny,’ hep ef, ‘ansyberwyt oed, a chyn nyt ymdialwyf a thi, y rof i a Duw,’ hep ef, ‘mi a wnaf o anglot itt guerth can carw.’
                    “This was discourteous, and though I may not be revenged upon thee, yet I declare to Heaven that I will do thee more dishonour than the value of an hundred stags.
                    (translation by Charlotte Guest)
                Usage notes
                [edit]
                • In Middle Welsh, both can and cant are found before a noun, but can is more common in that position. In Modern Welsh, only can is found before a noun.
                Descendants
                [edit]

                Etymology 3

                [edit]

                  Conjunction

                  [edit]

                  can

                  1. since, because
                    • 14th century, anonymous author, edited by R. L. Thomson, Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet (Mediaeval and Modern Welsh Series; vol. I), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, published 1980, page 12, lines 328–29:
                      A chan derw yt dywedut y geir a dywedeist, dyro ui idaw rac anglot yt.
                      And because of the word thou hast spoken, bestow me upon him lest shame befall thee.
                      (literally, “And since it happened to you to say the word you said…”)
                      (translation by Charlotte Guest)
                  Derived terms
                  [edit]

                  Mutation

                  [edit]
                  Mutated forms of can
                  radical soft nasal aspirate
                  can gan can / chan
                  pronounced with /ŋ̊-/                  		 chan

                  Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Welsh.
                  All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

                  Northern Kurdish

                  [edit]

                  Etymology

                  [edit]

                  Akin to Central Kurdish, Southern Kurdish and Gurani گیان (gian), Zazaki gan, Persian جان (jân); from Proto-Iranian *wyaHnáH. Badini giyan is borrowed from Sorani.

                  Pronunciation

                  [edit]

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  can m

                  1. spirit
                  2. dear
                    Bra can!
                    Dear brother!
                  3. A suffix for showing endearment mostly used by children towards family members
                    Bavo can
                    Daddy
                    Daê can
                    Mommy

                  Usage notes

                  [edit]

                  In formal settings, can usually cannot be used to mean "dear" and hêja is used instead.

                  Occitan

                  [edit]

                  Etymology

                  [edit]

                  From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin canis, canem.

                  Pronunciation

                  [edit]

                  Noun

                  [edit]

                  can m (plural cans, feminine canha, feminine plural canhas)

                  1. dog, hound

                  Old English

                  [edit]

                  Pronunciation

                  [edit]

                  Verb

                  [edit]

                  can

                  1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of cunnan

                  Old Galician-Portuguese

                  [edit]

                  Alternative forms

                  [edit]

                  Etymology

                  [edit]

                    From Latin canem (“dog”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”).

                    Pronunciation

                    [edit]

                    Noun

                    [edit]

                    can m (plural cães, feminine cadela, feminine plural cadelas)

                    1. dog

                    Descendants

                    [edit]

                    References

                    [edit]

                    Old Occitan

                    [edit]

                    Alternative forms

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    From Latin quandō.

                    Conjunction

                    [edit]

                    can

                    1. when

                    Adverb

                    [edit]

                    can

                    1. (interrogative) when

                    Descendants

                    [edit]

                    Salar

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    From Persian جان (jân, “soul, life, life force”).

                    Pronunciation

                    [edit]
                    • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Qingshui, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): [ʒɑn]
                    • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): [ʒɑːn]
                    • (Mengda, Qingshui, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): [ʝɑn]

                    Noun

                    [edit]

                    can

                    1. soul

                    References

                    [edit]
                    • Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “can”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow: Nauka, pages 371, 564

                    Scots

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    From Middle English can, first and third person singular of connen, cunnen (“to be able, know how”), from Old English can(n), first and third person singular of cunnan (“to know how”), from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (whence know).

                    Verb

                    [edit]

                    can (third-person singular simple present can, simple past cud)

                    1. can
                    2. be able to
                      He shuid can dae that. ― He should be able to do that.

                    Derived terms

                    [edit]

                    Scottish Gaelic

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    From Old Irish canaid (“to sing”), from Proto-Celtic *kaneti (“to sing”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n-. Compare Welsh canu, Latin canō, Ancient Greek καναχέω (kanakhéō), Persian خواندن (xândan).

                    Verb

                    [edit]

                    can (past chan, future canaidh, verbal noun cantainn or canail or cantail, past participle cante)

                    1. to say
                      cha chan mi càil mus can mi cus ― I won't say anything before I've said too much
                    2. to sing (a song)
                    3. to call [with ri]
                    4. future indicative dependent of can

                    Usage notes

                    [edit]
                    • In most dialects of Scottish Gaelic still spoken, with the notable exception of Islay, the future and conditional tenses and the imperative form are very often used for the verb abair in place of the actual abair forms, particularly in colloquial language; the abair forms are recognised but considered Biblical or excessively formal. Some northern dialects, such as Skye and Lewis, extend this to verbal noun forms derived from can, such as cantainn and canail.

                    Conjugation

                    [edit]
                    Conjugation of can (regular)
                    indicative independent dependent
                    personal impersonal personal impersonal
                    past chan chanadh chan chanadh
                    future canaidh canar
                    cantar                     		can canar
                    cantar
                    relative future chanas chanar — —
                    conditional independent dependent
                    personal impersonal personal impersonal
                    first person singular chanainn chantadh
                    chanaist1
                    chanaiste1                     		canainn cantadh
                    canaist1
                    canaiste1
                    first person plural chanamaid
                    chanadh sinn                     		canamaid
                    canadh sinn
                    second/third person chanadh canadh
                    imperative independent
                    singular plural impersonal
                    first person canam canamaid canar
                    cantar
                    second person can canaibh
                    third person canadh
                    past participle canta
                    verbal noun cantainn

                    1. Lewis dialect form

                    Mutation

                    [edit]
                    Mutation of can
                    radical lenition
                    can chan

                    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
                    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

                    References

                    [edit]
                    • Edward Dwelly (1911), “can”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

                    Somali

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    From Proto-Cushitic *caŋ- (“face”). Related to carrab.

                    Noun

                    [edit]

                    can m

                    1. buccal

                    References

                    [edit]
                    • “can”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaaliga, 2012

                    Spanish

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    Inherited from Latin canis, canem (“dog”). Cognate with Catalan ca, Galician can, Portuguese cão.

                    Pronunciation

                    [edit]

                    Noun

                    [edit]

                    can m (plural canes)

                    1. (formal) dog, hound
                      Synonyms: perro, (colloquial) chucho

                    Hypernyms

                    [edit]

                    Hyponyms

                    [edit]
                    [edit]

                    Further reading

                    [edit]

                    Tày

                    [edit]

                    Pronunciation

                    [edit]

                    Etymology 1

                    [edit]

                    From Chinese 乾 / 干.

                    Adjective

                    [edit]

                    can

                    1. dried up
                      nà can ― dried up field
                    Derived terms
                    [edit]

                    Etymology 2

                    [edit]

                    From Chinese 干.

                    Noun

                    [edit]

                    can (Nôm form 干)

                    1. heavenly stem

                    Verb

                    [edit]

                    can

                    1. to concern; to involve
                      nắm can lăng thâng te ― to not have any relations to them

                    Etymology 3

                    [edit]

                    Borrowed from Vietnamese can.

                    Verb

                    [edit]

                    can (Nôm form 干)

                    1. to dissuade
                      can nắm hẩư tò đá ― to dissuade from insults
                    2. to warn and advise someone against
                      Me̱ can lục bấu pây liê̱u.
                      I advise you not to go out.

                    References

                    [edit]
                    • Lương Bèn (2011), Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎[12][13] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
                    • Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[14] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

                    Turkish

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    Inherited from Ottoman Turkish جان, from Classical Persian جَان (jān, “soul, vital spirit, life”), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HYA), from Proto-Iranian *wyaHnáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wyaHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”). Doublet of anime through PIE.

                    Pronunciation

                    [edit]

                    Noun

                    [edit]

                    can (definite accusative canı, plural canlar)

                    1. soul, life, being
                    2. heart, soul
                    3. (video games) HP, hitpoints, health
                    4. sweetheart

                    Usage notes

                    [edit]

                    This noun can be used in a countable way, unlike hayat, which means life as in the process of life. Compare:

                    • Kedilerin 9 canı var. ― Cats have 9 lives. (They have 9 lives)
                    • Kedilerin 9 hayatı var. ― Cats have 9 lives. (They live 9 lives at the same time)

                    Declension

                    [edit]
                    Declension of can
                    singular plural
                    nominative can canlar
                    definite accusative canı canları
                    dative cana canlara
                    locative canda canlarda
                    ablative candan canlardan
                    genitive canın canların
                    Possessive forms
                    nominative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular canım canlarım
                    2nd singular canın canların
                    3rd singular canı canları
                    1st plural canımız canlarımız
                    2nd plural canınız canlarınız
                    3rd plural canları canları
                    definite accusative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular canımı canlarımı
                    2nd singular canını canlarını
                    3rd singular canını canlarını
                    1st plural canımızı canlarımızı
                    2nd plural canınızı canlarınızı
                    3rd plural canlarını canlarını
                    dative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular canıma canlarıma
                    2nd singular canına canlarına
                    3rd singular canına canlarına
                    1st plural canımıza canlarımıza
                    2nd plural canınıza canlarınıza
                    3rd plural canlarına canlarına
                    locative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular canımda canlarımda
                    2nd singular canında canlarında
                    3rd singular canında canlarında
                    1st plural canımızda canlarımızda
                    2nd plural canınızda canlarınızda
                    3rd plural canlarında canlarında
                    ablative
                    singular plural
                    1st singular canımdan canlarımdan
                    2nd singular canından canlarından
                    3rd singular canından canlarından
                    1st plural canımızdan canlarımızdan
                    2nd plural canınızdan canlarınızdan
                    3rd plural canlarından canlarından
                    genitive
                    singular plural
                    1st singular canımın canlarımın
                    2nd singular canının canlarının
                    3rd singular canının canlarının
                    1st plural canımızın canlarımızın
                    2nd plural canınızın canlarınızın
                    3rd plural canlarının canlarının

                    Derived terms

                    [edit]
                    [edit]

                    Further reading

                    [edit]

                    Venetan

                    [edit]

                    Etymology

                    [edit]

                    From Latin canis, canem.

                    Venetan Wikipedia has an article on:
                    Wikipedia vec

                    Pronunciation

                    [edit]

                    Noun

                    [edit]

                    can m (plural cani)

                    1. (Belluno, Chipilo) dog

                    Vietnamese

                    [edit]

                    Pronunciation

                    [edit]

                    Etymology 1

                    [edit]

                      Sino-Vietnamese word from 肝.

                      Noun

                      [edit]

                      can

                      1. (alternative medicine) liver
                      Derived terms
                      [edit]

                      Etymology 2

                      [edit]

                        Sino-Vietnamese word from 干.

                        Noun

                        [edit]

                        can

                        1. ellipsis of Thiên Can (“celestial stem”)
                        Derived terms
                        [edit]

                        Verb

                        [edit]

                        can

                        1. to concern; to apply to
                        2. to be involved (in); to be implicated (in)
                        Derived terms
                        [edit]

                        Etymology 3

                        [edit]

                        Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 諫 (SV: gián).

                        Verb

                        [edit]

                        can

                        1. to dissuade (someone from doing something); to intervene

                        Etymology 4

                        [edit]

                        From English canne.

                        Noun

                        [edit]

                        can (classifier cây, cái)

                        1. walking stick

                        Etymology 5

                        [edit]

                        Verb

                        [edit]

                        can

                        1. to join; to unite; to sew together

                        Etymology 6

                        [edit]

                        From French calque.

                        Verb

                        [edit]

                        can

                        1. to trace (through translucent paper), to do tracing
                        Derived terms
                        [edit]

                        Volapük

                        [edit]

                        Noun

                        [edit]

                        can (genitive cana, plural cans)

                        1. sales commodity, merchandise, wares

                        Declension

                        [edit]
                        Declension of can
                        Singular Plural
                        Nominative can cans
                        Genitive cana canas
                        Dative cane canes
                        Accusative cani canis
                        Predicative1 canu canus
                        Vocative o can o cans
                        1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

                        Welsh

                        [edit]

                        Pronunciation

                        [edit]

                        Etymology 1

                        [edit]

                          Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand- (“to shine, glow”).

                          See also Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Albanian hënë (“moon”), Sanskrit चन्द्र (candrá, “shining”) and Old Armenian խանդ (xand).

                          Adjective

                          [edit]

                          can (feminine singular can, plural can, comparative cannach, equative canned, superlative cannaf)

                          1. bleached, white

                          Noun

                          [edit]

                          can m (plural caniau)

                          1. flour
                            Synonyms: blawd, fflŵr, paill, peilliaid

                          Derived terms

                          [edit]
                          • cannaid (“bright, refulgent”)
                          • cannu (“to bleach, to whiten”)

                          Etymology 2

                          [edit]
                            Welsh numbers (edit)
                            1,000
                            [a], [b], [c] ←  90 [a], [b], [c], [d] ←  99 100 120  → [a], [b], [c] 200  → 
                            10[a], [b]
                                Cardinal: cant, (before nouns) can
                                Cardinal (vigesimal): pum ugain
                                Ordinal: canfed
                                Ordinal abbreviation: 100fed

                            From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom (“hundred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

                            Numeral

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                            can

                            1. (cardinal number) apocopic form of cant (“one hundred”)
                            Usage notes
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                            • This is the form the number cant (“one hundred”) takes when it precedes a noun.

                            Etymology 3

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                              From English can.

                              Noun

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                              can m (plural caniau)

                              1. can (a sealed metal container, cylindrical or cuboid in form, typically used to store preserved foods)

                              Mutation

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                              Mutated forms of can
                              radical soft nasal aspirate
                              can gan nghan chan

                              Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
                              All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

                              See also

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                              Further reading

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                              • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “can”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
                              • Definition from the BBC.

                              Yucatec Maya

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                              Etymology 1

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                              Numeral

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                              can

                              1. obsolete spelling of kan

                              Etymology 2

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                              Noun

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                              can

                              1. obsolete spelling of kaan
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