
ãã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ãé£ã¹æ©ããªããããã«ã¢ã³æåãèãã
ãã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ã¯ãèæåã®é倧æã ãå³ä»ãã«èª¿çæ³ã䜿ãå èèã®ãã§ã€ã¹ããã®åå°ã®é£æåãããããšãåºäž»ã®ãã ããããæã®ã²ãã®äžæ¯ã«ãæŽå²ãåçž®ãããŠãããæ°ã«ãªã5ã€ã®ããã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ããé£ã¹æ©ããªããããã«ã¢ã³ã®æŽå²ãšæåãèããŠã¿ãã
1ïŒïŒäžéïŒãã€çŒã倧統é ã倧統é ç¹è£œç ®èŸŒã¿ã
äžéã»ã¢ã¡æšªã«ããããã€çŒã倧統é ãã¯ã嵿¥1950ïŒæå25ïŒå¹ŽãæŠåŸã®æ··ä¹±æã«ãéåžããšããŠå§ãŸã£ããã¢ã¡æšªããšãã»ãŒåææããã®æŽå²ããããéåžæä»£ã®é¢åœ±ãæ®ããã¢ã¡æšªã代衚ããé å Žã ã
ãããããã銬ãã€ãã®ç ®èŸŒã¿
åºã®å£²ãã¯ã嵿¥ä»¥æ¥å€ããã¬å³ã®ã銬ãã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ãã ã銬å èã䜿ã£ãŠãããšã¯ãããªãããããããŠãè¡æçã ã£ãã

ã¯ã»ãèã¿ããªãé£ã¹ãããã
èšãããªããšã銬ãã€ãã ãšãããããªãã ããã

銬åºãã®ç»è£œ
ããã²ãšã€ãæ°ã«ãªãã¡ãã¥ãŒãã銬åºããããããã ã

銬åºããç»è£œã«ãããã®ãã€ãŸãããããŒãããªã®ããããããŒããã¯ããã«ã¢ã³æåãèªãã«ã¯å€ããªãæçã®ã²ãšã€ã ã
ããããŒããã¯ãäž²ã«ãç°äžã§ããã«ã¢ã³æåãäœéšãããïŒãã§ã玹ä»ããããäžéšã®å°åã§ããé£ã¹ãããŠããªãã£ããã£ãŒããªã°ã«ã¡ã ã
ãã®ã»ãã«ããç¹äžéЬåºãããæ¡ãŠãã±ããªã©ã銬èã¡ãã¥ãŒãããã€ã䞊ã¶ãããã¯ãäžéã®ãè¿æãæµ èã»ååã®éЬèæåã®åœ±é¿ã ãããã
äžçºã®éЬèæå
æµ èã»ååã®åæéãã«ã¯ãèèã®éЬèæçåºãšéЬèã®ç²Ÿèåºã䞊ã¶ããã®ãšãªã¢ã¯ã銬èå°éåºãå€ãã

ãããååã®ééã«æ¥ã人ãã¡ã¯ãä¹ã£ãŠãã銬ã売ããã°ããŠéã³ä»£ãå·¥é¢ããŠããããã ãããã§ã銬ãæãŠäœããå人ãããããé£ã¹ãŠã¯ã©ãã ããšå§ãŸã£ã飿åã ãšããããŠãããææ²»ã«ã¯ããã®ä»è¿ã«é£èåŠçå Žããã£ãã
æµ èã»ååä»è¿ã«ãã£ãé£èåŠçå Ž
æµ èåæïŒ1877ã1883å¹ŽïŒææ²»10ã16幎ïŒ
æµ èç°äžçºïŒ1904å¹ŽïŒææ²»37幎ïŒ
èã®æŽå²ãããå Žæã«ã¯ãããããèæçããããããŸã¯ãããã«é£èåŠçå ŽããªããšããŠããé·ãæŽå²ã®ä¿¡é Œãå®çžŸãããããããèãåžå°éšäœãå ¥æã§ããã«ãŒããæã£ãŠããã¯ãã ãããèããŠããŸãã
2ïŒïŒåå·ïŒæ±äº¬é£èåžå Žå ã»äžäŒé£å ãçã¢ãç ®èŸŒã¿ããšãã«ãã¿æ±ã
åå·ã«ãããæ±äº¬é£èåžå Žãã¯ãæ±äº¬äžã®èãæ¯ããæ¥æ¬æå€§çŽã®è¿ä»£é£èåŠçå Žã ãæœèšå ã«ãããäžäŒé£å ãã§ã¯ãåžå ŽçŽéã®çå èã䜿ã£ãããã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ããåºããŠãããã
ç ®èŸŒã¿ã¡ãã¥ãŒã¯3ã€ãã
ããããäžäŒé£å ãã®ç ®èŸŒã¿ã¡ãã¥ãŒã ããããåžå ŽçŽéããšããããããæå¥ããããããã®é£å ã¯é£èåžå Žå ã«ããã®ã§ãåžå Žè¶ çŽéãã ã

å·Šãããã«ãã¿æ±ããçã¢ãç
®èŸŒã¿ãã
å³äžã®ãçç¿ãã¯ãåçã®ããèãç
®èŸŒãã ãã®ãç䞌åºã®ãçç¿ããšã¯ç°ãªããè§åãã®èç
®èŸŒã¿ã ã
ãçã¢ãç ®èŸŒã¿ã
ãçã¢ãç ®èŸŒã¿ãã¯ãå³åãšã¢ãã®èãããããšããŠæ¿åã ãçã®çŽè žïŒããããŠïŒããããã®ããããã§ãããšãããã°ããã«ããããããç ®èŸŒãŸããŠããã

ãã«ãã¿æ±ã
å³åæ±ã®ãããªãã«ãã¿æ±ãããçã®ã³ã¯ãæ¿åã ãè±æ±ã®ãããªèŠãç®ã ãã©ããã¡ãããåçã®ã¢ããã䜿çšããŠããã

ã颿±ã¯è±èæåãé¢è¥¿ã¯çèæåããšããåºå®èŠ³å¿µããã£ãã®ã§ãè±æ±é¢šã®èŠãç®ãããè±ã¢ãã ãããšæã£ãŠé£ã¹ããããŸã£ããéã£ãã
ãã®åºã§ã¯ãè±ã¢ãã¯äžå䜿ãããçã¢ããã ãã䜿ã£ãŠããããšãããã ãããããã
åå·ã®é£èåžå Žã¯ãåçãã«åŒ·ã
åå·ã®é£èåžå Žã¯ããã©ã³ãåçãå€ãæ±ã£ãŠããããã ãçã®åŠçé æ°ããã³ååŒéé¡ã¯æ¥æ¬æå€§ãªã®ã ãšãã
ããèããšãé£å ã§ããçã¢ããã«ãã ããçç±ãçŽåŸã§ããã

éã«ãåŒçã®é£èåžå Žã¯ãè±ãã«åŒ·ããšãã話ãèãã
ãããã«ã¢ã³ã®åæãããã€ãããªããããã«ã¢ã³æåãèãããã§ã玹ä»ããããåŒççã¯ãæ±æŸå±±åžã®ããããšãïŒè±ã«ã·ã©ã®äž²çŒãïŒãããç§©ç¶åžã®ãè±ãã«ã¢ã³ããæåã ã
ååžå Žã®è§£äœåŠçèœå
æ±äº¬é£èåžå ŽïŒåå·ïŒïŒç600é /æ¥ãè±900é /æ¥
ããããŸåžé£èäžå€®åžå£²åžå ŽïŒç250é /æ¥ãè±1,000é /æ¥
ãã€ç ®ã®å ·ãèŠãŠãããšããã®å°åã®èäºæ ãèŠããŠããã
3ïŒïŒæå³¶ïŒæ±äº¬äžå€§ç ®èŸŒã¿ã»å²žç°å±ãçã«ãã¿ã
ç ®èŸŒã¿çã«ã¯ãæ±äº¬äžå€§ç ®èŸŒã¿ããšãããã®ãããããã®ã²ãšã€ããæå³¶ã«ããã岞ç°å±ãã ã嵿¥ã¯1900ïŒææ²»33ïŒå¹Žãšãããªãå€ãã
倧è¡é å Žã®ãçãã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ã
岞ç°å±ã®ãçã«ãã¿ãã¯ããããããªçå èãããããå ¥ã£ãŠãããå°è žãå€§è žãçŽè žã ããããã®ã¢ã©ïŒç¬¬åèïŒãããã¯ïŒèºïŒã®ãããªéšäœãããã

ããç
®èŸŒãŸããŠããŠããããããã
å
èèããåºãã³ã©ãŒã²ã³ã§ãæ±ã«ãšãã¿ãããã

岞ç°å±ã¯ãéæçãæäŸãã倧è¡é å Žã§ããã€çŒããåºããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãããããªã®ã«ããã©ãšãã£ã«å¯ãã çå èã䜿ã£ããããããç ®èŸŒã¿ãé£ã¹ãããããšã«é©ããã
ãã®ç ®èŸŒã¿ã¯ãçŸå³ãããŒ1å·»ã®ã究極ã®ç ®èŸŒã¿ãã«ãç»å ŽããŠããã
æå³¶ã®ãèã®æŽå²ããæ¢ãïŒ
岞ç°å±ãããæå³¶ã¯ããããããã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã匷ããšæãããå®ã¯ãèã®æŽå²ãããããæå³¶ã§ã¯ãå€§æ£æä»£ããæååæãŸã§ãèãã©ã€ããšåŒã°ããå±å°ã䞊ãã§ããããã ããã®åæ®ãªã®ããçŸåšããã¬ããŒãã©ã€ãã®åºãããã€ãããã

ããããã¯èã®æŽå²ãšé¢ä¿ããã¯ã
ãããããã«ã¢ã³æçãèŠã€ãããšãã«ããã®åšèŸºã®æŽå²ãæ¢ã£ãŠã¿ããšãäœãè飿åã«ãã©ãçããããããã¯èã®æŽå²ãšé¢ä¿ããã¯ãã ã
ãæ±äº¬äžå€§ç ®èŸŒã¿ã
ã»ååäœã倧ã¯ãã1877ïŒææ²»10ïŒå¹Ž
ã»æå³¶ã岞ç°å±ã1900ïŒææ²»33ïŒå¹Ž
ã»æ£®äžãå±±å©åã1925ïŒå€§æ£14ïŒå¹Ž
ããã«ã
ã»éå仲çºã倧åå±ã1924ïŒå€§æ£13ïŒå¹Ž
ã»ç«ç³ãå®ã¡å€ãã1946ïŒæå21ïŒå¹Ž
ãå ããŠãæ±äº¬äºå€§ç ®èŸŒã¿ããšåŒã¶
ãæ±äº¬äžå€§ã»äºå€§ç ®èŸŒã¿ããšãéãªãåäœãæ·±å·ã«ããé£èåŠçå Žããã£ãã
åäœãæ·±å·ã«ãã£ãé£èåŠçå Ž
åäœïŒ1870ã1876å¹ŽïŒææ²»3ã9幎ïŒ
æ·±å·æ°žä»£æ°ç°ïŒ1883ã1889å¹ŽïŒææ²»16ã22幎ïŒ
æ·±å·ïŒ1907ã1912å¹ŽïŒææ²»40ã倧æ£1幎ïŒ
æ°é®®ãªå èèãå ¥æããããç°å¢ãªããããããç ®èŸŒã¿ãã€ãããã¯ãã ãããçŽ æãå ¥æã§ããåå°ã«ã¯ããã®é åãæå€§éã«åŒãåºãæç人ãåºããã£ãŠã飿åãã€ããããŠãããç§ã¯ããèããŠããŸãã
4ïŒïŒçœéé«èŒªïŒéŽæšå±ãç ®èŸŒã¿ã
çœéé«èŒªã®ãéŽæšå±ãã¯ããã¬ãçªçµã寺éãžã¢ã³åææåŠã®åºïŒ2019幎4æ5æ¥æŸéåïŒãã«ãç»å Žãããè¡åå¿ è³ã®ãã€çŒãåºã ã鮮床æçŸ€ã®ããã€çŒããã®ã»ããå°ãå€ãã£ãç ®èŸŒã¿ãåºããŠããã
éæã¹ãŒãã®ãå¡©ãã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ã
éŽæšå±ã®åç©ãç ®èŸŒã¿ãã¯ããã«ã¢ã³ã®ããåžãç©ããšåŒã¶ã¹ãããå¡©å³ã§ãæ±ãéæã§ãµã©ãµã©ããŠããã

ããã€ç ®ã£ãŠæ®éãå³ãæ¿ãããŠã¢ãã®å³ãèããããŸãããã©ãããã¯å¡©å³ãã®ãªã®ãªãŸã§èãã¢ãã®å³ã ããèã¿ããŸã£ãããªãããããŸã§èããŠããã®ãã£ãŠãããèãããŠã¢ãã®å³ã ãã«ããŠãã
å³ã®ã³ã¡ã³ãã¯ã寺éãžã¢ã³æ°ã®èšèããã®ãŸãŸåŒçšãããã
æ¬åœã«ããã®éãã§ããã
ããã¯ãããç¥ãããã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ããšã¯ããŸã£ããéããæ°ããæçãªã®ãããããåºå³¶ã®ããã«ã¢ã³æ±ïŒã§ãããæ±ïŒãã®ãããªãã®ã ãããã颿±ã§ã¯ããããããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã ã
çœéã¯å ç¥èã®èå°
çŸåšã®ãçœéå°ãã«ããããèåé¡çœéæä»éãã¯ã1867ïŒæ ¶å¿3ïŒå¹Žãæ±äº¬ã§æåã®è¿ä»£çé£èåŠçå Žãã§ããå°ã ã
èé£çŠæ¢ä»€ããè§£æŸãããææ²»æä»£ãæ±äº¬ã®ããçŒãåºã¯ãä»éã§ä»å ¥ããçèã§ç¹çããŠããããããŠãç«¶ã£ãŠå±å·ã«ä»éãã©ã³ãã§ãããä»ãã®åãå ¥ããã®ã ãäŸãã°ãä»åãã仿ããªã©ãèèããçŒãåºãæåã ã
ããŸã§ãçœéé«èŒªã«ã¯ãçŒèã®æååºã人æ°åºãå€ããæä»£ãå€ãã£ãŠããèã®èå°ã«ã¯ãããããèã®åºãéãŸã£ãŠããã
çœéã¯ãåå·é§ ãæãã§ãæ±äº¬é£èåžå Žãã®å察åŽã«ããè¡ã ã

çœéïŒä»éïŒã§èªçããé£èåžå Žããé·ã幎æããããŠãéœå åå°ã§çµ±å»åãç¹°ãè¿ããæçµçã«ã¯å察åŽã®åå·æž¯åå£ã«æ»ã£ãŠãããæ ¶å¿3幎ããæå11幎ã«ãããŠã®ã壮倧ãªç©èªã ã
5ïŒïŒäžæ²³å³¶ïŒçŒèå±±ç°å± æ¬åºãçå¡©ãã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ã
1964ïŒæå39ïŒå¹Žåµæ¥ã®ãçŒèå±±ç°å± æ¬åºãã¯ãçŒèã®è¡ãšããŠåé«ãäžæ²³å³¶ã§ãæãæŽå²ã®é·ãåºã ã
çå èã6çš®é¡äœ¿ã£ããçå¡©ãã€ç ®èŸŒã¿ã
å ·ã¯ãâ ã¿ã³ â¡ãããã¹ â¢èµ€ããïŒã®ã¢ã©ïŒ â£ã¢ãŠãã§ãŠ â€ããã㊠â¥å°è žãå šéšãçããéžã°ãããçå èã®ããããéšäœããå šéšå ¥ã£ãŠããã

å èã®æšå³ãæãªããªãå¡©å³ãçŽ æŽããããæ±ãã³ã©ãŒã²ã³ã§ããããªãããããããšãŠãããããããŠãè¶ çµ¶ãŠãã€ïŒ

ã¡ãã¥ãŒã«ã¯ãç ®èŸŒã¿ã§äœ¿çšããŠããå èã®ååãæžãããŠããããã®6ã€ã®å èã¯ãäžåã®ã¡ã³ããŒãšããããšã ã
çŒèå±±ç°å± æ¬åºã¯ããã¬ãçªçµã寺éãžã¢ã³åææåŠã®åºãã§ã2018幎1æ10æ¥ãšã2009幎ã®ã¬ã®ã¥ã©ãŒæŸéæã«ãç»å Žãã颿±äžå€§åææåŠã®çŒèåºãã®ã²ãšã€ãšããŠç޹ä»ãããŠããã
äžæ²³å³¶ã¯çŒèãã«ã¢ã³ã®èå°
äžæ²³å³¶ã¯ãéåœæçãéåœé£æåºãå€ããã³ãªã¢ã³ã¿ãŠã³ãšããŠãæåã ãå®ããŠããããçŒèåºãéãŸã£ãŠããã
äžæ²³å³¶ã¯ãã«ãã³è£œäœãäžå¿ãšããç®é©ç£æ¥ãæ ããè¡ã§ãããã1883ïŒææ²»16ïŒå¹Žã«ãæåã®å®¶çåžå Žãã€ããããç®é©å·¥å Žãå€ããã£ãããã®æŽå²ããå¯ç£ç©ã§ããçŒèãã«ã¢ã³ãšã€ãªããããã®åŸãåšèŸºå°åã®å°Ÿä¹ ãäžã茪ã«ãé£èåŠçå Žãã§ããã
ææ²»æä»£ã®é£èåŠçå Ž
1883ã1889å¹ŽïŒææ²»16ã22幎ïŒïŒèæµãäžæ²³å³¶ãæ·±å·æ°žä»£æ°ç°ãä»éãåäœäžã茪ãªã©ã転å€ã
1904å¹ŽïŒææ²»37幎ïŒïŒçœéä»éãååäœãäžãèŒªãæµ èç°äžçºã®4æœèšãšãªãã
1936ïŒæå11ïŒå¹Žã«ãçŸåšã®ãæ±äº¬é£èåžå ŽïŒåå·ïŒãã«çµ±åãããçŽåãŸã§æ®ã£ãŠããã®ããäžã茪ã®é£èåžå Žã ãäžæ²³å³¶åšèŸºã®ãã«ã¢ã³ãããºãæããŠããããçç±ã¯ãããã«ããæ°ãããã
èã®æŽå²ãããå Žæã«ã¯ãããããèæçããã
æçã«ã¯ããã®åå°ã®æŽå²ãæåãè©°ãŸã£ãŠãããèã®ã«ãŒããããå Žæã«ã¯ããã®é åãæå€§éã«åŒãåºã飲é£åºããã£ãŠãè飿åãã€ããããŠãããèã®æŽå²ãããå Žæã«ã¯ãå¿ ãããããèæçãããã®ã ã
ãã«ã¢ã³æåã«æ¬æã瀺ããŠã
ãã€ç
®èŸŒã¿ã«ã也æ¯ã ïŒ

èã®æŽå²ãç ãåå°ã«ã¯ãå¿
ãããŸãèããã
ãããç§ã®èã¢ãããªãŒ