Ratramnus

Ratramnus (wafat ca 868) adalah seorang biarawan Franka dari biara Corbie, dekat Amiens di Prancis utaara, dan teolog Carolingian yang dikenal karena tulisannya tentang Perjamuan Kudus dan predestinasi. Risalah Ekaristi buatannya De corpore et sanguine Domini (Tentang Tubuh dan Darah Allah) adalah titik berlawanan dari teologi Ekaristi realis dari abbasnya Paschasius Radbertus. Ratramnus juga dikenal karena pembelaannya terhadap biarawan Gottschalk, yang teologi predestinasi ganda buatannya menjadi pusat banyak kontroversi di Prancis dan Jerman pada abad ke-9. Pada masanya sendiri, Ratramnus mungkin dikenal karena membuat Melawan Pertentangan Yunani yang Membangkangi Gereja Roma, sebuah tanggapan terhadap skisma Photian dan pembelaan terhadap penambahan filioque kepada Pengakuan Iman Nikea-Konstantinopel. Tulisan-tulisan Ratramnus mempengaruhi reformasi Protestan pada abad ke-16.

Referensi

Kutipan

Sumber

• Chazelle, C. “Exegesis in the Ninth-Century Eucharistic Controversy.” In The Study of the Bible in the Carolingian Era. Ed. C. Chazelle and B. van Name Edwards. pp. 167–87. Turnhout: Brepols, 2003.
• Chazelle, C. “The Eucharist in Early Medieval Europe,” in A Companion to the Eucharist in the Middle Ages, ed. Ian Levy, Gary Macy, and Kristen Van Ausdall. Leiden: Brill, 2011, pp. 205–49.
• Dutton, Paul Edward, ed. and trans. "Ratramnus and the Dog-Headed Humans." In Carolingian Civilization: A Reader. 2nd Ed. Readings in Medieval Civilization and Cultures 1. pp. 452–55. Ontario: Broadview Press, 2004.
• Fahey, John J. “The Eucharistic Teaching of Ratramnus of Corbie.” Unpublished PhD diss. (St. Mary of the Lake Seminary, 1951).
• Ginther, James. Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009.
• McCracken, G.E., ed. Early Medieval Theology, Library of Christian Classics, vol. 9. Louisville: KY, 1957.
• Otten, Willemien. "Between Augustinian sign and Carolingian reality: the presence of Ambrose and Augustine in the Eucharistic debate between Paschasius Radbertus and Ratramnus of Corbie." Nederlands archief voor kerkgeschiedenis 80, no. 2 (2000): 137-156.
• Phelan, Owen M. "Horizontal and Vertical Theologies: "Sacraments" in the Works of Paschasius Radbertus and Ratramnus of Corbie" Harvard Theological Review 103:3 (2010) 271-289.
• Ratramnus, De corpore et sanguine Domini: texte original et notice bibliographique, ed. J. N. Bakhuizen Van Den Brink, 2nd ed. Amsterdam and London: North-Holland, 1974.
• Roberts, Timothy Roland. “A translation and critical edition of Ratramnus of Corbie's De Predestinatione dei. Unpublished PhD diss. (University of Missouri, Columbia, 1977).
• Steel, Karl. How to Make a Human: Animals and Violence in the Middle Ages, Columbia: Ohio State University Press, 2011.
• Tanghe, W.V. “Ratramnus of Corbie’s Use of the Fathers in his Treatise De corpore et sanguine Domini.” Studia Patristica 17, no. 1 (1982): 176-80.
• Zirkel, Patricia McCormick. "The Ninth-Century Eucharistic Controversy: A Context for the Beginnings of Eucharistic Doctrine in the West." Worship 68, no. 1 (1994): 2-23.

Pranala luar

• The Body And Blood Of The Lord by Ratramnus in English translation.
•  "Ratramnus" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
•  "Ratramnus" . Encyclopædia Britannica (Edisi 11). 1911.
•  Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913. {{cite encyclopedia}}: