Add support for tenant Id Challenges / tenant discovery in ClientCredentials #19300

Currently, for services that return challenges which include context about the tenant that can service a failed service request, such as authorization_url,
Azure.Identity does not utilize this information to request a new token with the correct tenantId.

This is a proposal to enhance Azure.Identity to make it possible for service clients to interpret challenges to request tokens for the correct tenant Id, where possible.

The proposal details can be found in this gist

Related: Azure/azure-sdk-for-net#20302