Spring boot注释

最新推荐文章于 2026-03-17 09:44:35 发布

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SpringBoot

@SpringBootApplication是Spring Boot核心注解，它整合了@Configuration、@EnableAutoConfiguration和@ComponentScan。该注解用于标记在主类上，启动自动配置并进行组件扫描。@SpringBootConfiguration封装了@Configuration，@EnableAutoConfiguration开启自动配置，@ComponentScan则负责组件扫描，当未指定路径时，会扫描同级及子目录下相关注解。

@SpringBootApplication
SpringBoot项目入类上的标签，一般此类中会有main方法。
是多个注解的组合

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
    @AliasFor(
        annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class
    )
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    @AliasFor(
        annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class
    )
    String[] excludeName() default {};

    @AliasFor(
        annotation = ComponentScan.class,
        attribute = "basePackages"
    )
    String[] scanBasePackages() default {};

    @AliasFor(
        annotation = ComponentScan.class,
        attribute = "basePackageClasses"
    )
    Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};
}

@SpringBootConfiguration
其实这个注解就是@Configuration的封装，如源码

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
}

@EnableAutoConfiguration
该注解表示“开启自动配置”
@ComponentScan
开启自动扫描，当不配置路径时，默认扫描路径为@SpringBootApplication所在类的同级目录以及子目录下的相关注解。
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
表示注解的作用目标，ElementType指作用目标的类型：（源码英文注释很清晰）

public enum ElementType {
    /** Class, interface (including annotation type), or enum declaration */
    TYPE,

    /** Field declaration (includes enum constants) */
    FIELD,

    /** Method declaration */
    METHOD,

    /** Formal parameter declaration */
    PARAMETER,

    /** Constructor declaration */
    CONSTRUCTOR,

    /** Local variable declaration */
    LOCAL_VARIABLE,

    /** Annotation type declaration */
    ANNOTATION_TYPE,

    /** Package declaration */
    PACKAGE,

    /**
     * Type parameter declaration
     *
     * @since 1.8
     */
    TYPE_PARAMETER,

    /**
     * Use of a type
     *
     * @since 1.8
     */
    TYPE_USE
}

@Retention
代表注解的保留位置，其中的RetentionPolicy代表保留规则：

public enum RetentionPolicy {
    /**
     * Annotations are to be discarded by the compiler.
     */
    SOURCE,

    /**
     * Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler
     * but need not be retained by the VM at run time.  This is the default
     * behavior.
     */
    CLASS,

    /**
     * Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler and
     * retained by the VM at run time, so they may be read reflectively.
     *
     * @see java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement
     */
    RUNTIME
}

@Documented
说明该注解将被包含在javadoc中
@Inherited
说明子类可以继承父类中的该注解