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- תת-מערכה של חד-תאיים המייצרים שלדי מינרלים מורכבים. (iw)
- Carstvo protista (hr)
- Gruppe von einzelligen Lebewesen (de)
- одноклеточные планктонные организмы, обитающие преимущественно в тёплых океанических водах (ru)
- من الاوليات التى تنتج الهياكل العظمية المعدنية المعقده (arz)
- filum dei protisti (it)
- phylum de protistes (fr)
- phylum of protists (en)
- stam uit de divisie Rhizaria (nl)
- тип протиста, група морских једноћелијских протиста са минералном љуштуром (sr)
- планктон (uk)
- Silizezko eskeleto erretikuluduna duen Actinozoa klaseko protoktisto pelagiko itsastarra. Eskeleto erretikuludunak simetria axiala (naselarioak) edo erradiala (espumelaridoak) du. (eu)
- 原生生物界の一門 (ja)
- من الأوليات التي تنتج الهياكل العظمية المعدنية المعقدة (ar)
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- Cavalier-Smith, 1987 (en)
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- This is a microfossil from the Middle Ordovician with four nested spheres. The innermost sphere is highlighted red. Each segment is shown at the same scale. (en)
- Shell micrographs (en)
- Shell of a spherical radiolarian (en)
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- Drawings by Haeckel 1904 (en)
- closely replicate some radiolarian shell patterns (en)
- Computer simulations of Turing patterns on a sphere (en)
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- Q107920 (en)
- Q21446955 (en)
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- Fossil radiolarian (en)
- Radiolarian shapes (en)
- Turing and radiolarian morphology (en)
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- Micro-CT model of radiolarian, Triplococcus acanthicus.png (en)
- Haeckel Phaeodaria 1.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Stephoidea edit.jpg (en)
- Radiolarians - Actinomma sol .jpg (en)
- Spherical radiolarian.jpg (en)
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- Radiolaria illustration from the Challenger expedition 1873–76 (en)
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- So I set to work on seeking a solution to the Morphogenesis Equations on a sphere. The theory was that a spherical organism was subject to diffusion across its surface membrane by an alien substance, eg sea-water. The Equations were:
:
:
The function , taken to be the radius vector from the centre to any point on the surface of the membrane, was argued to be representable as a series of normalised Legendre functions. The algebraic solution of the above equations ran to some 30 pages in my Thesis and are therefore not reproduced here. They are written in full in the book entitled "Morphogenesis" which is a tribute to Turing, edited by P. T. Saunders, published by North Holland, 1992.
The algebraic solution of the equations revealed a family of solutions, corresponding to a parameter n, taking values 2, 4. 6.
When I had solved the algebraic equations, I then used the computer to plot the shape of the resulting organisms. Turing told me that there were real organisms corresponding to what I had produced. He said that they were described and depicted in the records of the voyages of HMS Challenger in the 19th Century.
I solved the equations and produced a set of solutions which corresponded to the actual species of Radiolaria discovered by HMS Challenger in the 19th century. That expedition to the Pacific Ocean found eight variations in the growth patterns. These are shown in the following figures. The essential feature of the growth is the emergence of elongated "spines" protruding from the sphere at regular positions. Thus the species comprised two, six, twelve, and twenty, spine variations. (en)
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- Bernard Richards, 2006 (en)
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- * Polycystinea
** Nassellaria
** Spumellaria
** Collodaria
* Acantharea
* Taxopodida
*(Excluded: Phaeodaria ) (en)
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- 111 (xsd:integer)
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- Radiolaria (en)
- Mřížovci (cs)
- Radiolaris (ca)
- شعوعيات (ar)
- Ακτινόζωα (el)
- Radiulo (eo)
- Erradiolario (eu)
- Radiolaria (es)
- Strahlentierchen (de)
- Radiolaria (fr)
- Radiolaria (in)
- 放散虫 (ja)
- 방산충 (ko)
- Radiolaria (it)
- Stralendiertjes (nl)
- Promienice (pl)
- Radiolaria (pt)
- Радиолярии (ru)
- Radiolarier (sv)
- Радіолярії (uk)
- 放射蟲 (zh)
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