Changbaiite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Changbaiite
Formula:
PbNb2O6
Colour:
Colorless, cream-white, pale brown, yellowish brown, pale yellowish green.
Lustre:
Adamantine, Pearly
Hardness:
5½
Specific Gravity:
6.48
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named for the Changbai Mountain Range, between China and North Korea, which includes the type locality for the mineral.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Changbaiite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
968
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:968:1
IMA Classification of Changbaiite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb2+Nb5+2O6
First published:
1978
Classification of Changbaiite
4.DF.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
F : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edgesharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
F : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edgesharing octahedra
8.3.11.1
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
18.1.24
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Chg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Changbaiite
Adamantine, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, cream-white, pale brown, yellowish brown, pale yellowish green.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=472 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{0001}, perfect; one rhombohedral, distinct.
{0001}, perfect; one rhombohedral, distinct.
Fracture:
Hackly, Conchoidal
Density:
6.48 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Changbaiite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 2.476 nε = 2.485
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.009
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Changbaiite
Mindat Formula:
PbNb2O6
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Changbaiite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.51 Å, c = 11.55 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.099
Unit Cell V:
1,104.89 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
9
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018892 | Changbaiite | Mahe R (1967) Etude structurale du metaniobate de plombe rhomboedrique II. - Positions des atomes Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France 1967 1879-1884 | 1967 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.100 Å | (10) |
| 3.028 Å | (9) |
| 1.760 Å | (6) |
| 2.160 Å | (5) |
| 1.621 Å | (5) |
| 1.919 Å | (4) |
| 1.745 Å | (3) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
| 19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) |
Type Occurrence of Changbaiite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Tabular crystals or spherules, to 5 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
“Museum of Geology”, location unstated [Beijing, China]
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Changbaiite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DF.05 | Aeschynite-(Ce) | Ce(TiNb)O6 |
| 4.DF.05 | Aeschynite-(Nd) | Nd(TiNb)O6 |
| 4.DF.05 | Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| 4.DF.05 | Tantalaeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiTa)O6 |
| 4.DF.05 | Vigezzite | CaNb2O6 |
| 4.DF.05 | Rynersonite | CaTa2O6 |
| 4.DF.05 | Yulinite | SrNb2O6 |
| 4.DF.15 | Murataite-(Y) | (Y,Na)6Zn(Zn,Fe3+)4(Ti,Nb,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Changbaiite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-968.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
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References for Changbaiite
Reference List:
Localities for Changbaiite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Miller (2021) | |
China (TL) | |
| Detachment No. 8 (1978) |
| Yan et al. (2018) |
Egypt | |
| Mahmoud et al. (2018) |
USA | |
| Am. Min. 74:865-869 (1989) |
| O'Neill (2014) +1 other reference |
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