Pretulite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Pretulite
Formula:
Sc(PO4)
Colour:
Pale pink, pale orange, dark orange
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.71 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
For the mountain Pretul (1656 m), the second highest elevation in the Fischbacher Alpen Mts, in which the type locality is situated. Pretulite was first discovered at Fürstenbauer, located on the northwestern slope of Pretul Mt. However, the material from Höllkogel proved to be more suitable for the characterisation as a new species, so this was chosen as the type locality.
This page provides mineralogical data about Pretulite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7251
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7251:5
IMA Classification of Pretulite
Approved
IMA Formula:
ScPO4
Approval year:
1996
Classification of Pretulite
8.AD.35
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ptu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ptl | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Pretulite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pale pink, pale orange, dark orange
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
parallel to {100}
parallel to {100}
Fracture:
Splintery
Density:
3.71 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pretulite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.790(5) nε = 1.86(1)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.070
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Pretulite
Mindat Formula:
Sc(PO4)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Pretulite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/amd
Setting:
I41/amd
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.589(1) Å, c = 5.806(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.881
Unit Cell V:
252.07 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005799 | Pretulite | Moelo Y, Lulzac Y, Rouer O, Palvadeau P, Gloaguen E, Leone P (2002) Scandium mineralogy: pretulite with scandian zircon and xenotime-(Y) with an apatite-rich oolitic ironstone from Saint-Aubin-des-Chateaux, Armorican Massif, France The Canadian Mineralogist 40 1657-1673 |  | 2002 | Saint-Aubin-des-Chateaux, Armorican Massif, France | 0 | 293 |
| 0002010 | Pretulite | Bernhard F, Walter F, Ettinger K, Taucher J, Mereiter K (1998) Pretulite, ScPO4, a new scandium mineral from the Styrian and Lower Austrian lazulite occurrences, Austria American Mineralogist 83 625-630 | | 1998 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.293 Å | (100) |
| 2.4636 Å | (42) |
| 1.6470 Å | (33) |
| 1.6927 Å | (30) |
| 2.0546 Å | (21) |
| 2.1777 Å | (20) |
| 1.7432 Å | (9) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) |
Geological Setting:
Common accessory mineral in lazulite-quartz veins from Krieglach, Mürzzuschlag and also from southern Lower Austria;
in metamorphosed and hydrothermaly altered oolitic ironstones from St Aubin-des-Châteaux, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de Loire, France.
in metamorphosed and hydrothermaly altered oolitic ironstones from St Aubin-des-Châteaux, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de Loire, France.
Type Occurrence of Pretulite
General Appearance of Type Material:
anhedral grains, to 200 µm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna
Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz
Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Lazulite-quartz vein in quartz-rich phyllite
Synonyms of Pretulite
Other Language Names for Pretulite
Relationship of Pretulite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Xenotime Group:
| Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 11 photos of Pretulite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9 photos of Pretulite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4 photos of Pretulite associated with Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 4 photos of Pretulite associated with 'Apatite' | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| 1 photo of Pretulite associated with Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Pretulite associated with Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Pretulite associated with Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| 1 photo of Pretulite associated with Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 1 photo of Pretulite associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| 1 photo of Pretulite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AD. | 'Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of ximengite)' | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
| 8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
| 8.AD.30 | Schulténite | Pb(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | 'Chernovite-(Ce)' | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
| 8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | 'UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh' | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
| 8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Fluorescence of Pretulite
Weak orange in SW
Other Information
Notes:
bright blue cathodoluminescence
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pretulite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7251.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Pretulite
Reference List:
Milligan, W.O., Mullica, D.F., Beall, G.W., Boatner, L.A. (1982) Structural investigations of YPO4, ScPO4, and LuPO4. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 60. 39-43 doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)91148-4
Rasmussen, Svend Erik; Jørgensen, Jens-Erik; Lundtoft, Britta (1993) Refinement of the structure of ScPO4 by powder diffraction by three Rietveld programs. Powder Diffraction, 8 (3). 164-167 doi:10.1017/s088571560001811x
Trukhin, A.N., Boatner, L.A. (1997) Electronic Structure of ScPO4 Single Crystals: Optical and Photoelectric Properties. Materials Science Forum, 239. 573-576 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.239-241.573
Bernhard, Franz, Walter, Franz, Ettinger, Karl, Taucher, Josef, Mereiter, Kurt (1998) Pretulite, ScPO4, a new scandium mineral from the Styrian and Lower Austrian lazulite occurrences, Austria. American Mineralogist, 83 (5-6). 625-630 doi:10.2138/am-1998-5-622
Moëo, Y., Lulzac, Y., Rouer, O., Palvadeau, P., Gloaguen, E., Leone, P. (2002) Scandium mineralogy: pretulite with scandian zircon and xenotime-(Y) within an apatite-rich oolitic ironstone from Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux, Armorican Massif, France. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (6). 1657-1673 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.6.1657
Localities for Pretulite
Showing 16 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria (TL) | |
| Bernhard (1998) |
| unpublished +1 other reference | |
| SEM-EDS on polished section | |
| Bernhard (1998) | |
| unpublished +1 other reference | |
| |
| Bernhard (2006) |
| unpublished +1 other reference |
| Franz Bernhard |
Czech Republic | |
| Novák +2 other references |
| Novák | |
France | |
| E. Gloaguen : "Original Mineralogical Features of a Hydrothermalized Oolitic Ironstone : The Deposit of Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux (Armorican Massif, France) |
| Moëo et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Takahiro Tanaka et al. (2015) |
Norway | |
| Rondeau et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| Frank K. Mazdab specimen (Analysed with EMPA, see further info in caption photo id 840375 ) |
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Höllkogel, Alpl, Freßnitzgraben, Krieglach, Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District, Styria, Austria