Gilmarite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Gilmarite
Formula:
Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3
Colour:
Greenish blue
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
4.2
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named for Gilbert Mari (1944-), mineralogist at the University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
This page provides mineralogical data about Gilmarite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6970
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6970:6
Similar Names
| Hjalmarite | A valid IMA mineral species | Na(NaMn)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
IMA Classification of Gilmarite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu2+3(As5+O4)(OH)3
Approval year:
1996
First published:
1999
Classification of Gilmarite
8.BE.25
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Gmr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Gilmarite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Greenish blue
Streak:
Greenish blue
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {010}.
Good on {010}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.2(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 4.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gilmarite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.760(5) nβ = 1.80(1) nγ = 1.83(1)
2V:
Measured: 77° (4), Calculated: 80°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.070
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v
Optical Extinction:
On {010}, X ∧ c = 33° and Y ∧ a = 37.1°; on {001}, Y ∧ a = 34.3° and Z ∧ b = 30.1°; on {101}, Z ∧ b = 44◦ and Y′ ∧ [101] = 36.5°.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = Y = light green; Z = green
Chemistry of Gilmarite
Mindat Formula:
Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Gilmarite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pedial
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.445(4) Å, b = 5.873(3) Å, c = 5.104(3) Å
α = 114.95(3)°, β = 93.05(5)°, γ = 91.92(4)°
α = 114.95(3)°, β = 93.05(5)°, γ = 91.92(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.927 : 1 : 0.869
Unit Cell V:
147.49 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Lozenge-shaped crystals, typically in rosettes.
Type material crystals are elongated along [101] or [100] and flattened on {010}. The most developed forms are {100}, {010}, {001} and {101}.
Type material crystals are elongated along [101] or [100] and flattened on {010}. The most developed forms are {100}, {010}, {001} and {101}.
Twinning:
Not twinned.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006791 | Gilmarite | Sarp H, Cerny R (1999) Gilmarite, Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3, a new mineral: its description and crystal structure European Journal of Mineralogy 11 549-555 | 1999 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.613 Å | (100) |
| 3.390 Å | (60) |
| 4.580 Å | (50) |
| 2.713 Å | (40) |
| 2.543 Å | (40) |
| 2.445 Å | (30) |
| 3.654 Å | (20) |
Comments:
Roua Mines, France. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Gilmarite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rosettes (0.3 mm diameter) and isolated crystals (0.1 × 0.04 × 0.02 mm maximum dimension).
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Musem, Geneva, Switzerland, 477.006.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Gilmarite
Other Language Names for Gilmarite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 24 photos of Gilmarite associated with Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 18 photos of Gilmarite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 14 photos of Gilmarite associated with Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 10 photos of Gilmarite associated with Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 10 photos of Gilmarite associated with Cuprite | Cu2O |
| 2 photos of Gilmarite associated with Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Gilmarite associated with Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Gilmarite associated with Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 2 photos of Gilmarite associated with Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| 1 photo of Gilmarite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BE.05 | Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.10 | Grattarolaite | Fe3+3(PO4)O3 |
| 8.BE.15 | Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.20 | Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.25 | Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.30 | Flinkite | Mn2+2Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BE.30 | Argandite | Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.30 | Raadeite | Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.30 | Allactite | Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.35 | 'Mineral E (of Dunn, et. al., 1982)' | |
| 8.BE.35 | Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BE.35 | Magnesiochlorophoenicite | (Mg,Mn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BE.40 | Gerdtremmelite | (Zn,Fe)(Al,Fe)2(AsO4)(OH)5 |
| 8.BE.45 | Dixenite | CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6 |
| 8.BE.45 | Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 |
| 8.BE.45 | Hematolite | (Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 |
| 8.BE.45 | Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x |
| 8.BE.45 | Carlfrancisite | Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42 |
| 8.BE.45 | Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 |
| 8.BE.45 | Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 |
| 8.BE.50 | Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O |
| 8.BE.55 | Holdenite | (Mn2+,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.60 | Kolicite | Mn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.65 | Sabelliite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(AsO4,SbO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.70 | Jarosewichite | Mn2+3Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BE.75 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 |
| 8.BE.80 | Coparsite | Cu4(AsO4,VO4)O2Cl |
| 8.BE.85 | Waterhouseite | Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.90 | Vasilseverginite | Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2 |
Fluorescence of Gilmarite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Gilmarite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6970.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Gilmarite
Localities for Gilmarite
Showing 11 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile | |
| Chemical analysis by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Curator of Hamburg Mineral Museum) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| www.researchgate.net (n.d.) +1 other reference |
France | |
| Hohl (1994) |
| European Journal of Mineralogy (1999) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| 70. +1 other reference |
Hungary | |
| HOM Collection 2008 |
Italy | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
USA | |
| ex- John EBNER collection |
| Eckhard D. Stuart - collection +2 other references |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
Quick NavTopAbout GilmariteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Guanaco Mine, Taltal, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile