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Leverettite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Leverettite

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

Leverettite

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

Leverettite, etc.

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

Leverettite

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

Leverettite, etc.

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

Leverettite

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

Leverettite

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

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About LeverettiteHide

Formula:

Cu₃Co(OH)₆Cl₂

Colour:

Medium to deep green

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

3.64

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Atacamite Group

Name:

In honour of Professor Peter Leverett (b. 1944), Professor of Chemistry at the University of Western Sydney, in recognition of his contributions to research and teaching in chemistry and chemical geology.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

The Co analogue of herbertsmithite and gillardite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

43877

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:43877:7

IMA Classification of LeverettiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Cu²⁺₃Co²⁺Cl₂(OH)₆

Approval year:

2013

Classification of LeverettiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

3.DA.10c

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Lve	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LeverettiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Medium to deep green

Streak:

Light green

Hardness:

3 on Mohs scale

Comment:

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
on {101}

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

3.64 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.709 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of LeverettiteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

Comments:

O (bluish green) > E (slightly yellowish green)

Comments:

The indices of refraction, ω and ε, are >1.8

Chemistry of LeverettiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Cu₃Co(OH)₆Cl₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Cu	45.119 %
O	22.720 %
Cl	16.782 %
Co	13.948 %
H	1.431 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cl, Co, Cu, H, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LeverettiteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3 - Rhombohedral

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.8436(6) Å, c = 14.0637(10) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 2.055

Unit Cell V:

570.43 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Steep rhombohedra to 1 mm with {101} prominent and modified by {001}. The crystals can also form finger-like, parallel stacked growths along the c axis.

Twinning:

V-shaped twins by reflection on {102}

Crystal StructureHide

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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0019986	Leverettite	Kampf A R, Sciberras M J, Williams P A, Dini M, Molina Donoso A A (2013) Leverettite from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Provence, Chile: the Co-analogue of herbertsmithite Mineralogical Magazine 77 3047-3054		2013	Torrecillas mine, Iquique Provence, Chile	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Leverettite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Kampf A R'
'Sciberras M J'
'Williams P A'
'Dini M'
'Molina Donoso A A'
_journal_name_full 'Mineralogical Magazine'
_journal_volume 77 
_journal_year 2013
_journal_page_first 3047
_journal_page_last 3054
_publ_section_title
;
 Leverettite from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Provence, Chile:
 the Co-analogue of herbertsmithite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0019986
_chemical_compound_source 'Torrecillas mine, Iquique Provence, Chile'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Co.42 Cu3.33 Mn.17 Ni.07 Mg.01 Cl2 O6 H6'
_cell_length_a 6.8436
_cell_length_b 6.8436
_cell_length_c 14.0637
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 570.426
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.694
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
CoM1   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.42000   0.01080
CuM1   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.33000   0.01080
MnM1   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.17000   0.01080
NiM1   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.07000   0.01080
MgM1   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.01000   0.01080
CuM2   0.50000   0.00000   0.00000   1.00000   0.01310
Cl   0.00000   0.00000   0.19407   1.00000   0.01700
O   0.20640  -0.20640   0.06120   1.00000   0.01630
H   0.13500  -0.13500   0.07400   1.00000   0.06300
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
CoM1 0.01200 0.01200 0.00900 0.00600 0.00000 0.00000
CuM1 0.01200 0.01200 0.00900 0.00600 0.00000 0.00000
MnM1 0.01200 0.01200 0.00900 0.00600 0.00000 0.00000
NiM1 0.01200 0.01200 0.00900 0.00600 0.00000 0.00000
MgM1 0.01200 0.01200 0.00900 0.00600 0.00000 0.00000
CuM2 0.01300 0.01200 0.01500 0.00600 0.00100 0.00200
Cl 0.01800 0.01800 0.01500 0.00900 0.00000 0.00000
O 0.01500 0.01500 0.01900 0.00700 -0.00200 -0.00200

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
5.469 Å	(90)
4.701 Å	(18)
2.905 Å	(22)
2.766 Å	(100)
2.269 Å	(66)
1.822 Å	(26)
1.711 Å	(33)
1.383 Å	(23)

Locality:

Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

Comments:

From Type Description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals]

Type Occurrence of LeverettiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Torrecillas mine, Iquique, Iquique Province, Tarapacá, Chile

General Appearance of Type Material:

Steep rhombohedra, no larger than 1 mm in size. These rhombohedra are sometimes stacked along the c axis in fingerlike, parallel growths or form V-shaped twins.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Type material is deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA, catalogue numbers 64031, 64032, 64033 and 64034

Geological Setting of Type Material:

a supergene alteration phase

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Akaganeite	Anhydrite	Chalcophanite	Goethite	Halite
Manganite	Pyrite	Quartz	Todorokite

Synonyms of LeverettiteHide

IMA2013-011

Other Language Names for LeverettiteHide

Dutch:Leverettiet

German:Leverettit

Relationship of Leverettite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Atacamite Group

Other Members of Atacamite Group:

Atacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Botallackite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Clinoatacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl	Mon. 2/m
Gillardite	Cu₃Ni(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Haydeeite	Cu₃Mg(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
Herbertsmithite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Hibbingite	Fe²⁺₂(OH)₃Cl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Iyoite	MnCuCl(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Kapellasite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
Kempite	Mn²⁺₂(OH)₃Cl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Kuliginite	Fe₃Mg(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3 : R3
Misakiite	Cu₃Mn(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3 : R3
Paratacamite-(Mg)	Cu₃(Mg,Cu)(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3 : R3
Paratacamite-(Ni)	Cu₃(Ni,Cu)(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3 : R3
Tondiite	Cu₃Mg(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
'Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide)'	CuZnCl(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Leverettite associated with Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
1 photo of Leverettite associated with Halite	NaCl
1 photo of Leverettite associated with Anhydrite	CaSO₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

3.DA.	Parahibbingite	Fe₂(OH)₃Cl	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
3.DA.	Centennialite	CaCu₃Cl₂(OH)₆ · nH₂O (n ~ 0.7)	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
3.DA.	Bounahasite	Cu⁺Cu²⁺₂(OH)₃Cl₂	Mon. 2/m
3.DA.	Muonionalustaite	Ni₃(OH)₄Cl₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DA.05	Melanothallite	Cu₂Cl₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Fddd
3.DA.10c	Haydeeite	Cu₃Mg(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
3.DA.10b	Clinoatacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl	Mon. 2/m
3.DA.10c	Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3 : R3
3.DA.10c	Kapellasite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
3.DA.10a	Hibbingite	Fe²⁺₂(OH)₃Cl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
3.DA.10c	Paratacamite-(Ni)	Cu₃(Ni,Cu)(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3 : R3
3.DA.10a	Kempite	Mn²⁺₂(OH)₃Cl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
3.DA.10c	Tondiite	Cu₃Mg(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
3.DA.10a	Atacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
3.DA.10b	Belloite	Cu(OH)Cl	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
3.DA.10c	Misakiite	Cu₃Mn(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
3.DA.10b	Iyoite	MnCuCl(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
3.DA.10c	Kuliginite	Fe₃Mg(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3 : R3
3.DA.10c	Gillardite	Cu₃Ni(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
3.DA.10b	'Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide)'	CuZnCl(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
3.DA.10b	Botallackite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
3.DA.10c	Herbertsmithite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
3.DA.15	Claringbullite	Cu₄ClF(OH)₆	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
3.DA.15	Barlowite	Cu₄BrF(OH)₆	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
3.DA.20	Simonkolleite	Zn₅Cl₂(OH)₈ · H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
3.DA.25	Buttgenbachite	Cu₁₉(NO₃)₂(OH)₃₂Cl₄ · 2H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
3.DA.25	Connellite	Cu₁₉(SO₄)(OH)₃₂Cl₄ · 3H₂O	Hex. 6m2 : P62c
3.DA.30	Abhurite	Sn₂₁Cl₁₆(OH)₁₄O₆	Trig. 32 : R32
3.DA.35	Ponomarevite	K₄Cu₄Cl₁₀O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
3.DA.40	Calumetite	CaCu₄(OH)₈Cl₂ · 3.5H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
3.DA.40	Anthonyite	Cu(OH,Cl)₂ · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m
3.DA.45	Khaidarkanite	Cu₄Al₃(OH)₁₄F₃ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DA.50	Bobkingite	Cu₅Cl₂(OH)₈ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DA.55	Avdoninite	K₂Cu₅(OH)₄Cl₈ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
3.DA.60	Droninoite	Ni₆Fe³⁺₂(OH)₁₆Cl₂ · 4H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
3.DA.70	Chrysothallite	K₆Cu₆Tl³⁺Cl₁₇(OH)₄ · H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DA.70	Dioskouriite	CaCu₄Cl₆(OH)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
3.DA.75	Feodosiyite	Cu₁₁Mg₂Cl₁₈(OH)₈ · 16H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
3.DA.80	Romanorlovite	K₈Cu₆Cl₁₇(OH)₃	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LeverettiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-43877.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for LeverettiteHide

Reference List:

Li, Yue-sheng, Zhang, Qing-ming (2013) Structure and magnetism of S = 1/2 kagome antiferromagnets NiCu3(OH)6Cl2 and CoCu3(OH)6Cl2. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 25 (2). 26003 doi:10.1088/0953-8984/25/2/026003

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013. CNMNC Newsletter No 16. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (6) 2695-2709 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.6.01

Kampf, A. R., Sciberras, M. J., Williams, P. A., Dini, M., Molina Donoso, A. A. (2013) Leverettite from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Provence, Chile: the Co-analogue of herbertsmithite. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (7) 3047-3054 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.14

(2016) Leverettite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for LeverettiteHide

Showing 1 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Chile (TL)

Tarapacá

Iquique Province

Iquique

ⓘ Torrecillas mine (TL)

Williams et al. (2013) +1 other reference

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Leverettite

About LeverettiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of LeverettiteHide

Classification of LeverettiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of LeverettiteHide

Optical Data of LeverettiteHide

Chemistry of LeverettiteHide

Crystallography of LeverettiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of LeverettiteHide

Synonyms of LeverettiteHide

Other Language Names for LeverettiteHide

Relationship of Leverettite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for LeverettiteHide

References for LeverettiteHide

Localities for LeverettiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide