In honour of Dr. Alexander Parwel (June 15, 1906, Valga - 23 December 1978, Stockholm, Sweden), Swedish chemist, Swedish National History Museum, Stockholm, Sweden, who has performed many analyses of Långban minerals, including this one.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

This page provides mineralogical data about Parwelite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3129

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3129:1

IMA Classification of ParweliteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Mn²⁺₁₀Sb⁵⁺₂As⁵⁺₂Si₂O₂₄

Approval year:

1966

First published:

1968

Type description reference:

Moore, P.B. (1969) Parwelite, (Mn,Mg)5Sb(Si,As)2O10-11, a new mineral from Långban. Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologi, 4 (6, nr 25). 467-472

Classification of ParweliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

8.BD.15

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H₂O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄= 2:1

Dana 8th ed.:

44.3.3.1

44 : ANTIMONATES
3 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

17.7.18

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Pwe	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of ParweliteHide

Lustre:

Greasy

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Yellow-brown, tan

Hardness:

5½ on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Imperfect/Fair
Fair to poor on {010}

Fracture:

Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

4.62 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.64 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of ParweliteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.85(1) n_β = 1.85(1) n_γ = 1.88(1)

2V:

Measured: 27° (3)

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

r > v strong

Chemistry of ParweliteHide

Mindat Formula:

Mn₁₀Sb₂As₂Si₂O₂₄

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Mn	39.727 %
O	27.767 %
Sb	17.609 %
As	10.835 %
Si	4.062 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

As, Mn, O, Sb, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,Pb,Ca

Crystallography of ParweliteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

m - Domatic

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.048(2) Å, b = 19.418(5) Å, c = 9.735(5) Å
β = 95.83(1)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.517 : 1 : 0.501

Unit Cell V:

1,889.59 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0012688	Parwelite	Marsh R E, Schomaker V (1979) Some incorrect space groups in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 16 Inorganic Chemistry 18 2331-2336		1979	Langban, Sweden	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Parwelite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Marsh R E'
'Schomaker V'
_journal_name_full 'Inorganic Chemistry'
_journal_volume 18 
_journal_year 1979
_journal_page_first 2331
_journal_page_last 2336
_publ_section_title
;
 Some incorrect space groups in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 16
;
_database_code_amcsd 0012688
_chemical_compound_source 'Langban, Sweden'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Mn4.08 Mg.92) Sb As Si O12'
_cell_length_a 10.048
_cell_length_b 19.418
_cell_length_c 9.735
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 95.83
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1889.591
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.663
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'A 1 2/a 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,-y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
MnM1   0.50000   0.00000   0.50000   0.81000 ?
MgM1   0.50000   0.00000   0.50000   0.19000 ?
MnM2   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.90000 ?
MgM2   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.10000 ?
MnM3   0.25000   0.11018   0.50000   0.90000 ?
MgM3   0.25000   0.11018   0.50000   0.10000 ?
MnM4   0.75000   0.14234   0.50000   0.95000 ?
MgM4   0.75000   0.14234   0.50000   0.05000 ?
MnM56   0.49343   0.10337   0.74725   0.84000 ?
MgM56   0.49343   0.10337   0.74725   0.16000 ?
MnM7   0.25000   0.13091   0.00000   0.93000 ?
MgM7   0.25000   0.13091   0.00000   0.07000 ?
MnM8   0.75000   0.12603   0.00000   0.83000 ?
MgM8   0.75000   0.12603   0.00000   0.17000 ?
MnM910   0.51209   0.25461   0.46741   0.58000 ?
MgM910   0.51209   0.25461   0.46741   0.42000 ?
Sb12   0.24933  -0.00460   0.24947   1.00000 ?
As12   0.18359   0.25483   0.29369   1.00000 ?
Si12   0.49334   0.12043   0.25398   1.00000 ?
O1   0.38940   0.06680   0.32480   1.00000   0.01279
O2   0.84580   0.06880   0.37890   1.00000   0.01165
O3   0.13850   0.03530   0.38180   1.00000   0.01165
O4   0.34570   0.06140   0.88030   1.00000   0.01317
O5   0.63990   0.04320   0.88420   1.00000   0.01507
O6   0.89710   0.07220   0.82060   1.00000   0.01343
O7   0.56170   0.16310   0.38360   1.00000   0.01469
O8   0.82590   0.24110   0.37850   1.00000   0.01735
O9   0.14540   0.17790   0.35880   1.00000   0.01760
O10   0.57500   0.18960   0.85810   1.00000   0.01558
O11   0.82890   0.21790   0.87090   1.00000   0.01849
O12   0.08910   0.16290   0.86920   1.00000   0.01241
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
MnM1 0.01190 0.02170 0.01310 0.00170 -0.00160 -0.00280
MgM1 0.01190 0.02170 0.01310 0.00170 -0.00160 -0.00280
MnM2 0.01000 0.02130 0.01330 0.00020 -0.00060 -0.00400
MgM2 0.01000 0.02130 0.01330 0.00020 -0.00060 -0.00400
MnM3 0.01970 0.01430 0.01750 0.00000 -0.00880 0.00000
MgM3 0.01970 0.01430 0.01750 0.00000 -0.00880 0.00000
MnM4 0.01160 0.01640 0.01380 0.00000 -0.00140 0.00000
MgM4 0.01160 0.01640 0.01380 0.00000 -0.00140 0.00000
MnM56 0.01110 0.01400 0.01290 -0.00020 -0.00230 -0.00070
MgM56 0.01110 0.01400 0.01290 -0.00020 -0.00230 -0.00070
MnM7 0.01070 0.01980 0.01230 0.00000 -0.00210 0.00000
MgM7 0.01070 0.01980 0.01230 0.00000 -0.00210 0.00000
MnM8 0.01810 0.01470 0.01600 0.00000 -0.00560 0.00000
MgM8 0.01810 0.01470 0.01600 0.00000 -0.00560 0.00000
MnM910 0.01170 0.01520 0.01210 0.00100 -0.00280 -0.00030
MgM910 0.01170 0.01520 0.01210 0.00100 -0.00280 -0.00030
Sb12 0.00980 0.01280 0.01030 0.00040 -0.00070 0.00010
As12 0.01390 0.01710 0.01350 -0.00010 -0.00210 0.00060
Si12 0.00920 0.01400 0.01060 -0.00010 -0.00170 0.00020

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.734 Å	(100)
2.915 Å	(95)
4.84 Å	(50)
3.411 Å	(50)
2.422 Å	(40)

Locality:

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Reference:

Moore, P.B. (1969) Parwelite, (Mn,Mg)5Sb(Si,As)2O10-11, a new mineral from Långban. Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologi, 4 (6, nr 25). 467-472

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Type Occurrence of ParweliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

General Appearance of Type Material:

Crystals rounded, stubby prismatic, to 1 cm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, NRMS 26758; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 120065.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

High temperature skarn.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Moore, P.B. (1969) Parwelite, (Mn,Mg)5Sb(Si,As)2O10-11, a new mineral from Långban. Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologi, 4 (6, nr 25). 467-472

Synonyms of ParweliteHide

IMA1966-023

Other Language Names for ParweliteHide

Dutch:Parweliet

German:Parwelit

Russian:Парвелит

Spanish:Parwelita

Relationship of Parwelite to other SpeciesHide

Structurally related to group(s):

Braunite Group

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Parwelite associated with Långbanite	Mn²⁺₄Mn³⁺₉Sb⁵⁺O₁₆(SiO₄)₂
1 photo of Parwelite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

8.BD.	Antipovite	Cu₅O₂(PO₄)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BD.05	Reichenbachite	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	Mon. 2/m
8.BD.05	Cornwallite	Cu₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BD.05	Pseudomalachite	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BD.10	Gatehouseite	Mn²⁺₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
8.BD.10	Arsenoclasite	Mn²⁺₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
8.BD.20	Reppiaite	Mn²⁺₅(VO₄)₂(OH)₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
8.BD.25	Ludjibaite	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BD.30	Cornubite	Cu₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Notes:

It is insoluble in cold 1:1 HCl solution

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ParweliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3129.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Look for Parwelite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for ParweliteHide

Reference List:

Moore, P. B. (1967) Eleven new minerals from Langban, Sweden. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (2).

Moore, P.B. (1969) Parwelite, (Mn,Mg)5Sb(Si,As)2O10-11, a new mineral from Långban. Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologi, 4 (6, nr 25). 467-472

Fleischer, Michael (1970) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 55 (1-2) 317-323

Moore, Paul Brian., Araki, Takaharu. (1977) Parwelite, Mn^II₁₀Sb^V₂As^V₂Si₂O₂₄, a complex anion-deficient fluorite derivative structure. Inorganic Chemistry, 16 (8) 1839-1847 doi:10.1021/ic50174a003

Marsh, Richard E., Schomaker, Verner (1979) Some incorrect space groups in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 16. Inorganic Chemistry, 18 (8) 2331-2336 doi:10.1021/ic50198a064

(2001) Parwelite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Bevan, D. J. M., Martin, R. L. (2008) The role of the coordination defect: A new structural description of four fluorite-related sesquioxide minerals, bixbyite (Mn2O3), braunite (Mn7SiO12), braunite II (CaMn14SiO24), parwelite (Mn10Sb2As2Si2O24), and their structural relationships. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181. 2250-2259 doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2008.04.046

Localities for ParweliteHide

Showing 1 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Sweden (TL)

Värmland County

Filipstad

Långban Ore District

ⓘ Långban Mine (TL)

Moore (1969) +1 other reference

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Parwelite

About ParweliteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of ParweliteHide

Classification of ParweliteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of ParweliteHide

Optical Data of ParweliteHide

Chemistry of ParweliteHide

Crystallography of ParweliteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of ParweliteHide

Synonyms of ParweliteHide

Other Language Names for ParweliteHide

Relationship of Parwelite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for ParweliteHide

References for ParweliteHide

Localities for ParweliteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide