Chivruaiite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Chivruaiite
Formula:
Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O
Colour:
Pale pink to colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
2.4
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
For the type locality, the Chivruai River Valley, Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
The structure of Chivruaiite contains double dreier chains of (SiO4) tetrahedra, which are linked by Ti cations into a three-dimensional framework. A topologically identical framework is found in the structures of Haineaultite, Zorite, and the synthetic Zorite analogue ETS-4 (Men'shikov et al., 2006).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
27495
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:27495:7
IMA Classification of Chivruaiite
Classification of Chivruaiite
9.DG.45
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cvr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Chivruaiite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale pink to colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
on {100} and {010}
on {100} and {010}
Fracture:
Step-Like
Density:
2.4 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.42 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chivruaiite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.705 nβ = 1.627 nγ = 1.612
2V:
Measured: 35° to 45°, Calculated: 31°
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = b
Y = a
Z = c
Z: pale-pink, X and Y: colourless
Y = a
Z = c
Z: pale-pink, X and Y: colourless
Chemistry of Chivruaiite
Mindat Formula:
Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Chivruaiite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cmmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.17 Å, b = 22.98 Å, c = 6.94 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.312 : 1 : 0.302
Unit Cell V:
1144.4 ų
Z:
1
Morphology:
Dominant faces: {100}, {010}, {001}, {101}, and {011}
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.6 Å | (100) |
| 6.91 Å | (90) |
| 5.23 Å | (50) |
| 3.41 Å | (50) |
| 3.35 Å | (50) |
| 3.04 Å | (80) |
Comments:
Format: d/Å (I/%) (hkl), from type description
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Chivruaiite
General Appearance of Type Material:
elongate-prismatic crystals up to 3 mm long, as well as radiating aggregates
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological and Mineralogical Museum of the Geological Institute of the Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia (co-type); Mineralogical Museum of St. Petersburg State University (holotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Microcline vein in eudialyte-bearing lujavrite; astrophyllite-aegirine-microcline hydrothermal veins in foyaite within nepheline syenite in alkaline massifs.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Chivruaiite
Other Language Names for Chivruaiite
Relationship of Chivruaiite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Zorite Group:
| Escheite | Ca2NaMnTi5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3 · 12H2O | Orth. mm2 : Ama2 |
| Haineaultite | (Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O | Orth. 222 : C222 |
| Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O | Orth. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DG. | Barrydawsonite-(Y) | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG. | Paratobermorite | Ca5AlSi5O16(OH) · 5H2O |
| 9.DG. | Calcinaksite | KNaCa(Si4O10) · H2O |
| 9.DG. | Alvesite | NaKZrSi6O15 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.02 | Steedeite | NaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2 |
| 9.DG.02 | Nolzeite | NaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.05 | Murakamiite | LiCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| 9.DG.05 | Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Tanohataite | LiMn2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Dalnegorskite | Ca5Mn2+(Si3O9)2 |
| 9.DG.05 | 'Wollastonite-1A' | CaSiO3 |
| 9.DG.05 | Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| 9.DG.05 | Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
| 9.DG.05 | Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.07 | Cascandite | CaScSi3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.08 | Plombièrite | Ca5Si6O16(OH)2 · 7H2O |
| 9.DG.10 | Clinotobermorite | Ca5Si6O17 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.10 | Riversideite | Ca5Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.10 | Tobermorite | Ca5Si6O17 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.12 | Jusite | Na2Ca15Al4Si16O54 · 17H2O |
| 9.DG.12 | Kenotobermorite | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.15 | Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
| 9.DG.20 | Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
| 9.DG.20 | Kamenevite | K2TiSi3O9 · H2O |
| 9.DG.25 | Paraumbite | K3Zr2H(Si3O9)2 · nH2O |
| 9.DG.25 | Umbite | K2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 · H2O |
| 9.DG.30 | Sørensenite | Na4SnBe2Si6O16(OH)4 |
| 9.DG.32 | Escheite | Ca2NaMnTi5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3 · 12H2O |
| 9.DG.35 | Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| 9.DG.40 | Hillebrandite | Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2 |
| 9.DG.45 | Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O |
| 9.DG.50 | Haineaultite | (Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.55 | Epididymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O |
| 9.DG.60 | Eudidymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O |
| 9.DG.65 | Elpidite | Na2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O |
| 9.DG.65 | Patynite | NaKCa4[Si9O23] |
| 9.DG.67 | Whelanite | Cu2+2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.70 | Enricofrancoite | KNaCaSi4O10 |
| 9.DG.70 | Yusupovite | Na2Zr(Si6O15) · 2.5H2O |
| 9.DG.70 | Litidionite | KNaCuSi4O10 |
| 9.DG.70 | Fenaksite | (K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F) |
| 9.DG.70 | Manaksite | KNaMnSi4O10 |
| 9.DG.75 | Senkevichite | CsKNaCa2TiO[Si7O18](OH) |
| 9.DG.75 | Tinaksite | K2Na(Ca,Mn2+)2TiO[Si7O18(OH)] |
| 9.DG.75 | Tokkoite | K2Ca4[Si7O18(OH)](OH,F) |
| 9.DG.80 | Fluorcanasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4 · H2O |
| 9.DG.80 | Canasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4 |
| 9.DG.85 | Miserite | K1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5(Si6O15)(Si2O7)(OH,F)2 · yH2O |
| 9.DG.90 | Frankamenite | K3Na3Ca5(Si12O30)(F,OH)4 · H2O |
| 9.DG.92 | Charoite | (K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2O |
| 9.DG.95 | Yuksporite | K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3 |
| 9.DG.97 | Eveslogite | (Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)48 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe2+)12Si48O144(OH)12](F,OH,Cl)14 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chivruaiite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-27495.html
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References for Chivruaiite
Localities for Chivruaiite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2021) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2021) | |
Russia | |
| Men'shikov (2006) +1 other reference |
| Men'shikov (2006) | |
| Men'shikov (2006) | |
| Men'shikov (2006) |
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Chivruai river valley, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia