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Gratonite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Gratonite

Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Gratonite

Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Gratonite

Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Gratonite

Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Gratonite

Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Gratonite

Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Gratonite

Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Gratonite

Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

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About GratoniteHide

Louis C. Graton

Formula:

Pb₉As₄S₁₅

Colour:

Dark lead-gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2½

Specific Gravity:

6.22

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Jordanite Homologous Series Group

Name:

Named in 1939 by Charles Palache and D. Jerome Fisher in honor of Louis Caryl Graton (June 10, 1880, Parma, New York - July 22, 1970, New Haven Connecticut), Professor of Mining Geology, Harvard University, president of the Society of Economic Geologists (1931) and Penrose Medal recipient (1950).

Type Locality:

ⓘ Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

Compare baumhauerite, liveingite, sartorite, 'UM1966-04-S:AsPb'.

The structure contains isolated and interconnected AsS₃ pyramids, as, e.g., in case of baumhauerite, dufrénoysite, sartorite, and seligmannite.

Chemically related to, and sometimes associated with, jordanite.
Gratonite is considered a low-temperature dimorph of jordanite, the inversion occurring on heating below 250°C (Roland, 1968).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1741

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1741:7

Similar NamesHide

Curetonite	A valid IMA mineral species	Ba(Al,Ti)(PO₄)(OH,O)F
Gordonite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	MgAl₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
Graftonite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	Fe²⁺Fe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂
Graftonite-(Ca)	A valid IMA mineral species	CaFe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂
Graftonite-(Mn)	A valid IMA mineral species	MnFe₂²⁺(PO₄)₂

IMA Classification of GratoniteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Pb²⁺₉As³⁺₄S^2-₁₅

First published:

1939

Type description reference:

Palache, Charles; Fisher, D. Jerome (1940) Gratonite - a new mineral from Cerro de Pasco, Peru. American Mineralogist, 25 (4). 255-265

Classification of GratoniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.JB.55

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

3.3.2.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.6.5

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Gtn	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of GratoniteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Dark lead-gray

Streak:

Black

Hardness:

2½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=130 - 146 kg/mm² - Vickers

Hardness Data:

Measured

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal

Density:

6.22(2) g/cm³ (Measured) 6.17 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of GratoniteHide

Anisotropism:

Weak

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
400nm	38.7%	39.8%
420nm	38.0%	39.3%
440nm	37.6%	38.4%
460nm	37.1%	37.6%
480nm	36.5%	36.9%
500nm	36.1%	36.4%
520nm	36.0%	36.2%
540nm	36.1%	36.2%
560nm	36.3%	36.4%
580nm	36.6%	36.6%
600nm	36.7%	36.7%
620nm	36.3%	36.4%
640nm	35.7%	35.8%
660nm	34.8%	35.0%
680nm	33.8%	34.1%
700nm	33.0%	33.3%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 39.8%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White - slightly yellow as compared to galena

Pleochroism:

Weak

Chemistry of GratoniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₉As₄S₁₅

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	70.491 %
S	18.181 %
As	11.328 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

As, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,Sb

Crystallography of GratoniteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal

Space Group:

R3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 17.758(14) Å, c = 7.807(6) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 0.44

Unit Cell V:

2,132.08 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Prismatic crystals, massive.

Type material: A hexagonal prism {11.0} and a trigonal pyramid {02.1} are the primary forms, with some crystals showing narrow and always brilliant truncation of the edges of the principal trigonal pyramid {10.1} and minute brilliant facets of a steeper pyramid {40.1}. One crystal showed a flat trigonal pyramid {01.2} at the termination, another showed a steep ditrigonal pyramid {24.1}(?) between the prism and main pyramid. A few other rare forms are are listed.

Crystallographic forms of GratoniteHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Gratonite - {110}, {021}

3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0010673	Gratonite	Ribar B, Nowacki W (1969) Neubestimmung der kristallstruktur von gratonit, Pb9As4S15 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 128 321-338		1969	Wiesloch, Germany	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Gratonite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Ribar B'
'Nowacki W'
_journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie'
_journal_volume 128 
_journal_year 1969
_journal_page_first 321
_journal_page_last 338
_publ_section_title
;
 Neubestimmung der kristallstruktur von gratonit, Pb9As4S15
;
_database_code_amcsd 0010673
_chemical_compound_source 'Wiesloch, Germany'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb9 As4 S15'
_cell_length_a 17.758
_cell_length_b 17.758
_cell_length_c 7.807
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 2132.077
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.181
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R 3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Pb1   0.77540   0.75640  -0.00040
Pb2   0.75390   0.24610  -0.15810
As1   0.52250   0.47750  -0.11790
As2   0.00000   0.00000   0.05690
S1   0.36630   0.08760  -0.32490
S2   0.91450   0.08550  -0.28260
S3   0.60090   0.39910  -0.47040
S4   0.14840   0.85160  -0.23000
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb1 0.02277 0.02241 0.02452 0.01222 -0.00122 -0.00103
Pb2 0.02348 0.02324 0.02516 0.01138 -0.00012 0.00012
As1 0.02217 0.02217 0.02069 0.01198 0.00109 -0.00109
As2 0.01845 0.01845 0.02007 0.00923 0.00000 0.00000
S1 0.00911 0.01977 0.02779 0.00324 -0.00036 -0.00742
S2 0.02408 0.02408 0.04777 0.01989 -0.00043 0.00043
S3 0.01761 0.01761 0.01229 0.01174 0.00328 -0.00328
S4 0.01881 0.01881 0.02949 0.00479 0.00414 -0.00414

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.43 Å	(100)
3.74 Å	(80)
2.86 Å	(70)
2.71 Å	(70)
2.20 Å	(60)
2.05 Å	(60)
1.746 Å	(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)

Geological Setting:

Hydrothermal copper deposits

Type Occurrence of GratoniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Pasco province, Pasco, Peru

General Appearance of Type Material:

Slender needles 0.1 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in length to stout prisms 1 cm across and 1.5 cm in length. Generally in radiating groups.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 94611.

Reference:

Palache, Charles; Fisher, D. Jerome (1940) Gratonite - a new mineral from Cerro de Pasco, Peru. American Mineralogist, 25 (4). 255-265

Other Language Names for GratoniteHide

Dutch:Gratoniet

German:Gratonit

Japanese:グラトン鉱

Simplified Chinese:细硫砷铅矿

Spanish:Gratonita

Relationship of Gratonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Jordanite Homologous Series Group

Other Members of Jordanite Homologous Series:

Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(As_3.2Sb_2.8)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
Geocronite	Pb₁₄Sb₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Marcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(Sb₃As₂Bi)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

27 photos of Gratonite associated with 'Schalenblende'
17 photos of Gratonite associated with Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
10 photos of Gratonite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
10 photos of Gratonite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
9 photos of Gratonite associated with Galena	PbS
8 photos of Gratonite associated with Hutchinsonite	TlPbAs₅S₉
7 photos of Gratonite associated with Wurtzite	(Zn,Fe)S
4 photos of Gratonite associated with Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
4 photos of Gratonite associated with Seligmannite	PbCuAsS₃
4 photos of Gratonite associated with Orpiment	As₂S₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.JB.	Clino-oscarkempffite	Ag₁₅Pb₆Sb₂₁Bi₁₈S₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Arsenquatrandorite	Ag_17.6Pb_12.8Sb_38.1As_11.5S₉₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Ginelfite	Ag₂(Ag_0.5Fe)TlPb_23.5(Sb,As)_33.5S₇₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Andreadiniite	CuHgAg₇Pb₇Sb₂₄S₄₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Chukotkaite	AgPb₇Sb₅S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Selenojunoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈Se₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.	Lechnerite	Ag₁₀Cu₄HgPb₃₃Sb₅₈S₁₂₈	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Cuprosenandorite	Ag₁₆Cu₈Pb₂₄Sb₇₂S₁₄₄	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.JB.	Morleyite	Ag₂CuPb₂₅Sb₂₄As₄S_68.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Lazerckerite	Ag_3.75Pb_4.50(Sb_7.75Bi₄)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Lasmanisite	Ag₁₂Pb₁₃Mn₁₁Sb₄₄S₉₆	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
2.JB.	Montpelvouxite	AgPb₁₆Sb₂₇As₁₈S₈₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Senandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.JB.	Oscarkempffite	Ag₁₀Pb₄(Sb₁₇Bi₉)S₄₈	Orth. mm2
2.JB.05	Diaphorite	Ag₃Pb₂Sb₃S₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.10	Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.15	Marrite	AgPbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.15	Freieslebenite	AgPbSbS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.20	Cannizzarite	Pb₄₈Bi₅₆S₁₃₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.20	Wittite	Pb₉Bi₁₂(S,Se)₂₇	Mon.
2.JB.25j	Rouxelite	Cu₂HgPb₂₃Sb₂₇S_65.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.25i	Neyite	Ag₂Cu₆Pb₂₅Bi₂₆S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25a	Junoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈(S,Se)₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25f	Ángelaite	Cu₂AgPbBiS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25e	Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25c	Nordströmite	CuPb₃Bi₇(Se₄S₁₀)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.25i	Cuproneyite	Cu₇Pb₂₇Bi₂₅S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25g	Nuffieldite	Cu_1.4Pb_2.4Bi_2.4Sb_0.2S₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25h	Weibullite	Pb₅Bi₈Se₇S₁₁	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25d	Proudite	CuPb_7.5Bi_9.33(S,Se)₂₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25b	Felbertalite	Cu₂Pb₆Bi₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.30a	Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Geocronite	Pb₁₄Sb₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(As_3.2Sb_2.8)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.30b	Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30c	Tsugaruite	Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl	Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
2.JB.30a	Marcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(Sb₃As₂Bi)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.35d	Pellouxite	(Cu,Ag)Pb₁₀Sb₁₂S₂₇O(Cl,S)_0.6	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35e	Chovanite	Pb_15-2xSb_14+2xS₃₆O_x (x ~ 0.2)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35a	Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
2.JB.35c	Pillaite	Pb₉Sb₁₀S₂₃ClO_0.5	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35b	Scainiite	Pb₁₄Sb₃₀S₅₄O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35f	Tubulite	Ag₂Pb₂₂Sb₂₀S₅₃	Mon. m : Pb
2.JB.40a	Fizélyite	Ag₅Pb₁₄Sb₂₁S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Ramdohrite	Pb_5.9Fe_0.1Mn_0.1In_0.1Cd_0.2Ag_2.8Sb_10.8S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40e	Ustarasite	Pb(Bi,Sb)₆S₁₀ (?)
2.JB.40a	'Bursaite'	Pb₅Bi₄S₁₁ (?)	Orth.
2.JB.40	'UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)₅Pb₅Bi₁₁S₂₇
2.JB.40	'UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Pb,Hg)₁₂(Cu,Ag)₃(Bi,Sb)₁₀(S,Te)₂₇
2.JB.40a	Terrywallaceite	AgPb(Sb,Bi)₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Jasrouxite	Ag₁₆Pb₄(Sb₂₅As₁₅)S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.40a	Tarutinoite	Ag₃Pb₇Bi₇S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Oyonite	Ag₃Mn₂Pb₄Sb₇As₄S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40b	Heyrovskýite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cccm
2.JB.40a	Quatrandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Erzwiesite	Ag₈Pb₁₂Bi₁₆S₄₀	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Vikingite	Ag₅Pb₈Bi₁₃S₃₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.40b	Baiamareite	Ag₄Pb₁₂Fe₄Sb₂₀S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Staročeskéite	Ag_0.70Pb_1.60(Bi_1.35Sb_1.35)_Σ2.70S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Roshchinite	Ag₁₉Pb₁₀Sb₅₁S₉₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.40b	Aschamalmite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40b	Eskimoite	Ag₇Pb₁₀Bi₁₅S₃₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Menchettiite	AgPb_2.40Mn_1.60Sb₃As₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Holubite	Ag₃Pb₆(Sb₈Bi₃)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Brusnitsynite	Mn₃CuPbAs₃Sb₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Treasurite	Ag₇Pb₆Bi₁₅S₃₂	Mon.
2.JB.40c	Ourayite	Ag₃Pb₄Bi₅S₁₃	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Uchucchacuaite	AgMnPb₃Sb₅S₁₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmm
2.JB.40d	'Schirmerite'	PbAgBi₃S₆ - Pb₃Ag_1.5Bi_3.5S₉	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Xilingolite	Pb₃Bi₂S₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Gustavite	AgPbBi₃S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.60	Marrucciite	Hg₃Pb₁₆Sb₁₈S₄₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.65	Vurroite	Pb₂₀Sn₂(Bi,As)₂₂S₅₄Cl₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.65	Tazieffite	Pb₂₀Cd₂(As,Bi)₂₂S₅₀Cl₁₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.70	Daliranite	PbHgAs₂S₅	Mon.

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Decrepitates violently and melts very easily. Closed tube gives a slight sublimate of arsenic trisulphide (As2S3). On charcoal gives a coating of lead oxide and arsenic fumes.

HNO3-stains iridescent to black; effervesces abundantly after short wait with liberation of free sulphur. Negative reaction to HCl, KCN, FeCl3, and KOH.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for GratoniteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-1741.html
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References for GratoniteHide

Reference List:

Palache, Charles; Fisher, D. Jerome (1939) Gratonite - preliminary description of a new mineral from Cerro de Pasco, Peru. American Mineralogist, 24 (2). 136

Palache, Charles; Fisher, D. Jerome (1940) Gratonite - a new mineral from Cerro de Pasco, Peru. American Mineralogist, 25 (4). 255-265

Rust, George W. (1940) Geologic occurrence of gratonite at Cerro de Pasco, Peru. American Mineralogist, 25 (4) 266-270

Palache, Charles; Fisher, D. Jerome (1940) Gratonite - a new mineral from Cerro de Pasco, Peru. American Mineralogist, 25 (4). 255-265

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.397-398

Rösch, H. (1963) Zur Kristallstruktur des Gratonits - 9PbS2As2S3. Doctoral dissertation, Verlag nicht ermittelbar.

Roland, George W. (1968) The system Pb-As-S. Composition and stability of jordanite. Mineralium Deposita, 3 (3). 249-260 doi:10.1007/bf00207438

Burkart-Baumann, I., Ottemann, J., and Nuber, B. (1968) Gratonite from the Rio Tinto deposits, southern Spain. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1968, 215-224 (in German).

Ribar, B., Nowacki, W. (1969) Neubestimmung der Kristallstruktur von Gratonit, Pb9As4S15. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 128 (3). 321-338 doi:10.1524/zkri.1969.128.3-6.321

Povarennykh, O.S., Sidorenko, G.O., Solntseva, L.S., Solntsev, B.P. (1971) Long-wave infrared spectra of some complex lead sulfides. Dopovidi Akademii nauk Ukraïnsʹkoï RSR, Ser. B: 33: 596-599.

Besteiro, J., Bosch-Figueroa, J. H., Lopez-Sokr, A., Font-Altaba, M. (1975) Optical study of gratonite. Fortschritte der Mineralogie: 52: 549-556.

La Iglesia, A.; Doval, M.; Gonzalez, M. V.; Rodrigalvarez, R. (1978): Mineralogical and thermal study of the gratonite of Rio Tinto (Spain). Boletin Geologico y Minero: 89(4): 373-378 (in Spanish).

(2005) Gratonite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Kharbish, Sherif (2016) Micro-Raman spectroscopic investigations of extremely scarce Pb-As sulfosalt minerals: baumhauerite, dufrénoysite, gratonite, sartorite, and seligmannite. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 47 (11). 1360-1366 doi:10.1002/jrs.4973

Localities for GratoniteHide

Showing 39 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Mendoza Province Las Heras Department Uspallata District ⓘ Paramillos de Uspallata	Schalamuk (1994)
ⓘ Veta Tajo	Brodtkorb (2002)

Atlantic Ocean
Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex ⓘ Deyin-1 hydrothermal field	Wang et al. (2017) +1 other reference

Canada
Ontario Hastings County Centre Hastings Municipality Madoc ⓘ ~~Taylor Pit~~	Anthony et al. (1990)

China
Guizhou Bijie Hezhang County ⓘ Zhugongtang Pb-Zn Deposit	Liu et al. (2022)
Yunnan Nujiang Lanping County Baiyangping ore field Western ore zone ⓘ Liziping Pb-Zn deposit	Xiaohu Wang et al. (2011)
ⓘ Wudichang Zn-Pb-Ag deposit	Xiaohu Wang et al. (2011)

Dominican Republic
Sánchez Ramírez Province Cotuí ⓘ Pueblo Viejo Mine	Barrick Gold Corporation

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Lahr/Schwarzwald Lahr/Schwarzwald Reichenbach ⓘ Silbereckle Mine ?	Walenta (1996)
Seelbach Seelbach Weiler ⓘ Michael Mine	Scharrer et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Karlsruhe Region Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Wiesloch ⓘ Gänsberg	undefined +2 other references
ⓘ Segen Gottes Mine	P. Ramdohr +1 other reference
Saxony Vogtlandkreis Limbach ⓘ Reimersgrün Quarry	Tröger (2012)

Greece
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Evros Alexandroupoli ⓘ Agios Philippos Mine	Triantafyllidis (2019)

Ireland
Connacht Galway County Killimor ⓘ Tynagh Mine	C. Gibson (1979) +1 other reference
Munster Tipperary County Moyne ⓘ Lisheen mine	Econ Geol (2005) +1 other reference
ⓘ Island Pod Zn-Pb Orebody	Doran et al. (2022)

Isle of Man
Garff Maughold ⓘ North Laxey Mine	MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE

Japan
Aomori Prefecture Minamitsugaru District Ikarigaseki ⓘ Yunosawa mine	Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15) +1 other reference

Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference

Peru
Cajamarca Yanacocha mining district (Yanacocha gold district) Yanacocha Mine ⓘ Chaquicocha open pit (Chaquicocha deposit)	Deditius et al. (2015)
Huancavelica Huancavelica Province Huachocolpa District Huachocolpa mining district ⓘ Bienaventurada Mine	Pérez-Puig Obieta et al. (2013)
La Libertad Santiago de Chuco Province Quiruvilca District ⓘ Quiruvilca Mine	Crowley et al. (1997)
Lima Oyón Province Oyón District Uchucchacua area ⓘ Uchucchacua Mine	Vizquerra Benavides (2006)
Pasco Pasco province ⓘ Cerro de Pasco	Rust (1940)
ⓘ Excelsior Mine (TL)	www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com +2 other references
Simón Bolívar District ⓘ Cerro de Pasco mine (Paragsha mine)	Mine is well know for Gratonite and I ...

Poland
Silesian Voivodeship Piekary Śląskie Brzeziny Śląskie ⓘ Orzeł Biały Mine	P. Ramdohr +1 other reference
Tarnowskie Góry County Tarnowskie Góry ⓘ Woźniki borehole ?	Pieczonka (2010)

Serbia
ⓘ Boranja orefield	Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Krupanj ⓘ Rujevac Sb-Zn-Pb Deposit	Radosavljević +4 other references

Spain
Andalusia Huelva Minas de Riotinto ⓘ Rio Tinto Mines	Burkart-Baumann +6 other references
ⓘ Alfredo pit	Calvo (1999)
ⓘ Atalaya open pit	Calvo Rebollar (2003)

Switzerland
Valais Goms Binn Fäld ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry	Huff +2 other references

Taiwan
New Taipei City Ruifang District Chinkuashih mine ⓘ Penshan Orebody (Penshan Vein; The Main Vein)	Yang et al. (1982)

UK
England Cornwall St Agnes Porthtowan ⓘ Lushington Cove	Rollinson et al. (2017)

USA
Idaho Lemhi County Blue Wing Mining District ⓘ Ima Mine	Ream (1995)
Nevada Eureka County Lynn Mining District ⓘ Carlin Gold Mine	Castor et al. (2004)

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Gratonite

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