4. Windows ã§ Python ã䜿ã¶
ãã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯ã Python ã Microsoft Windows ã§äœ¿ããšãã«ç¥ã£ãŠããã¹ãã Windows åºæã®åäœã«ã€ããŠã®æŠèŠãäŒããããšãç®çãšããŠããŸãã
Unlike most Unix systems and services, Windows does not include a system supported installation of Python. Instead, Python can be obtained from a number of distributors, including directly from the CPython team. Each Python distribution will have its own benefits and drawbacks, however, consistency with other tools you are using is generally a worthwhile benefit. Before committing to the process described here, we recommend investigating your existing tools to see if they can provide Python directly.
To obtain Python from the CPython team, use the Python Install Manager. This is a standalone tool that makes Python available as global commands on your Windows machine, integrates with the system, and supports updates over time. You can download the Python Install Manager from python.org/downloads or through the Microsoft Store app.
Once you have installed the Python Install Manager, the global python
command can be used from any terminal to launch your current latest version of
Python. This version may change over time as you add or remove different
versions, and the py list command will show which is current.
In general, we recommend that you create a virtual environment
for each project and run <env>\Scripts\Activate in your terminal to use it.
This provides isolation between projects, consistency over time, and ensures
that additional commands added by packages are also available in your session.
Create a virtual environment using python -m venv <env path>.
If the python or py commands do not seem to be working, please see the
Troubleshooting section below. There are
sometimes additional manual steps required to configure your PC.
Apart from using the Python install manager, Python can also be obtained as NuGet packages. See nuget.org ããã±ãŒãž below for more information on these packages.
The embeddable distros are minimal packages of Python suitable for embedding into larger applications. They can be installed using the Python install manager. See åã蟌ã¿å¯èœãªããã±ãŒãž below for more information on these packages.
4.1. Python install manager¶
4.1.1. Installation¶
The Python install manager can be installed from the Microsoft Store app or downloaded and installed from python.org/downloads. The two versions are identical.
To install through the Store, simply click "Install". After it has completed,
open a terminal and type python to get started.
To install the file downloaded from python.org, either double-click and select
"Install", or run Add-AppxPackage <path to MSIX> in Windows Powershell.
After installation, the python, py, and pymanager commands should be
available. If you have existing installations of Python, or you have modified
your PATH variable, you may need to remove them or undo the
modifications. See Troubleshooting for more help with fixing
non-working commands.
When you first install a runtime, you will likely be prompted to add a directory
to your PATH. This is optional, if you prefer to use the py
command, but is offered for those who prefer the full range of aliases (such
as python3.14.exe) to be available. The directory will be
%LocalAppData%\Python\bin by default, but may be customized by an
administrator. Click Start and search for "Edit environment variables for your
account" for the system settings page to add the path.
Each Python runtime you install will have its own directory for scripts. These
also need to be added to PATH if you want to use them.
The Python install manager will be automatically updated to new releases. This does not affect any installs of Python runtimes. Uninstalling the Python install manager does not uninstall any Python runtimes.
If you are not able to install an MSIX in your context, for example, you are using automated deployment software that does not support it, or are targeting Windows Server 2019, please see Advanced installation below for more information.
4.1.2. åºæ¬çãªäœ¿ãæ¹Â¶
The recommended command for launching Python is python, which will either
launch the version requested by the script being launched, an active virtual
environment, or the default installed version, which will be the latest stable
release unless configured otherwise. If no version is specifically requested and
no runtimes are installed at all, the current latest release will be installed
automatically.
For all scenarios involving multiple runtime versions, the recommended command
is py. This may be used anywhere in place of python or the older
py.exe launcher. By default, py matches the behaviour of python, but
also allows command line options to select a specific version as well as
subcommands to manage installations. These are detailed below.
Because the py command may already be taken by the previous version, there
is also an unambiguous pymanager command. Scripted installs that are
intending to use Python install manager should consider using pymanager, due
to the lower chance of encountering a conflict with existing installs. The only
difference between the two commands is when running without any arguments:
py will launch your default interpreter, while pymanager will display
help (pymanager exec ... provides equivalent behaviour to py ...).
Each of these commands also has a windowed version that avoids creating a
console window. These are pyw, pythonw and pywmanager. A python3
command is also included that mimics the python command. It is intended to
catch accidental uses of the typical POSIX command on Windows, but is not meant
to be widely used or recommended.
To launch your default runtime, run python or py with the arguments you
want to be passed to the runtime (such as script files or the module to launch):
$> py
...
$> python my-script.py
...
$> py -m this
...
The default runtime can be overridden with the PYTHON_MANAGER_DEFAULT
environment variable, or a configuration file. See Configuration for
information about configuration settings.
To launch a specific runtime, the py command accepts a -V:<TAG> option.
This option must be specified before any others. The tag is part or all of the
identifier for the runtime; for those from the CPython team, it looks like the
version, potentially with the platform. For compatibility, the V: may be
omitted in cases where the tag refers to an official release and starts with
3.
$> py -V:3.14 ...
$> py -V:3-arm64 ...
Runtimes from other distributors may require the company to be included as
well.
It should be separated from the tag by a slash (either / or \),
and may be shortened to any prefix of its full value.
Specifying the company is optional when it is PythonCore, and specifying the
tag is optional (but not the slash) when you want the latest release from a
specific company.
$> py -V:Distributor\1.0 ...
$> py -V:distrib/ ...
If no version is specified, but a script file is passed, the script will be inspected for a shebang line. This is a special format for the first line in a file that allows overriding the command. See Shebang lines for more information. When there is no shebang line, or it cannot be resolved, the script will be launched with the default runtime.
If you are running in an active virtual environment, have not requested a
particular version, and there is no shebang line, the default runtime will be
that virtual environment. In this scenario, the python command was likely
already overridden and none of these checks occurred. However, this behaviour
ensures that the py command can be used interchangeably.
When no runtimes are installed, any launch command will try to install the
requested version and launch it. However, after any version is installed, only
the py exec ... and pymanager exec ... commands will install if the
requested version is absent. Other forms of commands will display an error and
direct you to use py install first.
4.1.3. Command help¶
The py help command will display the full list of supported commands, along
with their options. Any command may be passed the -? option to display its
help, or its name passed to py help.
$> py help
$> py help install
$> py install /?
All commands support some common options, which will be shown by py help.
These options must be specified after any subcommand. Specifying -v or
--verbose will increase the amount of output shown, and -vv will
increase it further for debugging purposes. Passing -q or --quiet will
reduce output, and -qq will reduce it further.
The --config=<PATH> option allows specifying a configuration file to
override multiple settings at once. See Configuration below for more
information about these files.
4.1.4. Listing runtimes¶
$> py list [-f=|--format=<FMT>] [-1|--one] [--online|-s=|--source=<URL>] [<TAG>...]
The list of installed runtimes can be seen using py list. A filter may be
added in the form of one or more tags (with or without company specifier), and
each may include a <, <=, >= or > prefix to restrict to a range.
A range of formats are supported, and can be passed as the --format=<FMT> or
-f <FMT> option. Formats include table (a user friendly table view),
csv (comma-separated table), json (a single JSON blob), jsonl (one
JSON blob per result), exe (just the executable path), prefix (just the
prefix path).
The --one or -1 option only displays a single result. If the default
runtime is included, it will be the one. Otherwise, the "best" result is shown
("best" is deliberately vaguely defined, but will usually be the most recent
version). The result shown by py list --one <TAG> will match the runtime
that would be launched by py -V:<TAG>.
The --only-managed option excludes results that were not installed by the
Python install manager. This is useful when determining which runtimes may be
updated or uninstalled through the py command.
The --online option is short for passing --source=<URL> with the default
source. Passing either of these options will search the online index for
runtimes that can be installed. The result shown by py list --online --one
<TAG> will match the runtime that would be installed by py install <TAG>.
$> py list --online 3.14
For compatibility with the old launcher, the --list, --list-paths,
-0 and -0p commands (e.g. py -0p) are retained. They do not allow
additional options, and will produce legacy formatted output.
4.1.5. Installing runtimes¶
$> py install [-s=|--source=<URL>] [-f|--force] [-u|--update] [--dry-run] [<TAG>...]
New runtime versions may be added using py install. One or more tags may be
specified, and the special tag default may be used to select the default.
Ranges are not supported for installation.
The --source=<URL> option allows overriding the online index that is used to
obtain runtimes. This may be used with an offline index, as shown in
Offline installs.
Passing --force will ignore any cached files and remove any existing install
to replace it with the specified one.
Passing --update will replace existing installs if the new version is newer.
Otherwise, they will be left. If no tags are provided with --update, all
installs managed by the Python install manager will be updated if newer versions
are available. Updates will remove any modifications made to the install,
including globally installed packages, but virtual environments will continue to
work.
Passing --dry-run will generate output and logs, but will not modify any
installs.
Passing --refresh will update all registrations for installed runtimes. This
will recreate Start menu shortcuts, registry keys, and global aliases (such as
python3.14.exe or for any installed scripts). These are automatically
refreshed on installation of any runtime, but may need to be manually refreshed
after installing packages.
In addition to the above options, the --target option will extract the
runtime to the specified directory instead of doing a normal install.
This is useful for embedding runtimes into larger applications.
Unlike a normal install, py will not be aware of the extracted runtime,
and no Start menu or other shortcuts will be created.
To launch the runtime, directly execute the main executable (typically
python.exe) in the target directory.
$> py install ... [-t=|--target=<PATH>] <TAG>
The py exec command will install the requested runtime if it is not already
present. This is controlled by the automatic_install configuration
(PYTHON_MANAGER_AUTOMATIC_INSTALL), and is enabled by default.
If no runtimes are available at all, all launch commands will do an automatic
install if the configuration setting allows. This is to ensure a good experience
for new users, but should not generally be relied on rather than using the
py exec command or explicit install commands.
4.1.6. Offline installs¶
To perform offline installs of Python, you will need to first create an offline index on a machine that has network access.
$> py install --download=<PATH> ... <TAG>...
The --download=<PATH> option will download the packages for the listed tags
and create a directory containing them and an index.json file suitable for
later installation. This entire directory can be moved to the offline machine
and used to install one or more of the bundled runtimes:
$> py install --source="<PATH>\index.json" <TAG>...
The Python install manager can be installed by downloading its installer and moving it to another machine before installing.
Alternatively, the ZIP files in an offline index directory can simply be transferred to another machine and extracted. This will not register the install in any way, and so it must be launched by directly referencing the executables in the extracted directory, but it is sometimes a preferable approach in cases where installing the Python install manager is not possible or convenient.
In this way, Python runtimes can be installed and managed on a machine without access to the internet.
4.1.7. Uninstalling runtimes¶
$> py uninstall [-y|--yes] <TAG>...
Runtimes may be removed using the py uninstall command. One or more tags
must be specified. Ranges are not supported here.
The --yes option bypasses the confirmation prompt before uninstalling.
Instead of passing tags individually, the --purge option may be specified.
This will remove all runtimes managed by the Python install manager, including
cleaning up the Start menu, registry, and any download caches. Runtimes that
were not installed by the Python install manager will not be impacted, and
neither will manually created configuration files.
$> py uninstall [-y|--yes] --purge
The Python install manager can be uninstalled through the Windows "Installed
apps" settings page. This does not remove any runtimes, and they will still be
usable, though the global python and py commands will be removed.
Reinstalling the Python install manager will allow you to manage these runtimes
again. To completely clean up all Python runtimes, run with --purge before
uninstalling the Python install manager.
4.1.8. Configuration¶
Python install manager is configured with a hierarchy of configuration files, environment variables, command-line options, and registry settings. In general, configuration files have the ability to configure everything, including the location of other configuration files, while registry settings are administrator-only and will override configuration files. Command-line options override all other settings, but not every option is available.
This section will describe the defaults, but be aware that modified or overridden installs may resolve settings differently.
A global configuration file may be configured by an administrator, and would be
read first. The user configuration file is stored at
%AppData%\Python\pymanager.json
(note that this location is under Roaming, not Local) and is read next,
overwriting any settings from earlier files. An additional configuration file
may be specified as the PYTHON_MANAGER_CONFIG environment variable or the
--config command line option (but not both).
These locations may be modified by administrative customization options listed
later.
The following settings are those that are considered likely to be modified in normal use. Later sections list those that are intended for administrative customization.
Standard configuration options
Config Key |
Environment Variable |
説æ |
|---|---|---|
|
|
The preferred default version to launch or install. By default, this is interpreted as the most recent non-prerelease version from the CPython team. |
|
|
The preferred default platform to launch or install.
This is treated as a suffix to the specified tag, such that |
|
|
The location where log files are written.
By default, |
|
|
True to allow automatic installs when using |
|
|
True to allow listing and launching runtimes that were not installed by the Python install manager, or false to exclude them. By default, true. |
|
|
True to allow shebangs in |
|
(none) |
Mapping from shebang line template to alternative command, such as
|
|
|
Set the default level of output (0-50). By default, 20. Lower values produce more output. The environment variables are boolean, and may produce additional output during startup that is later suppressed by other configuration. |
|
|
True to confirm certain actions before taking them (such as uninstall), or false to skip the confirmation. By default, true. |
|
|
Override the index feed to obtain new installs from. |
|
(none) |
True to generate global commands for installed packages (such as
|
|
|
Specify the default format used by the |
|
(none) |
Specify the root directory that runtimes will be installed into. If you change this setting, previously installed runtimes will not be usable unless you move them to the new location. |
|
(none) |
Specify the directory where global commands (such as |
|
(none) |
Specify the directory where downloaded files are stored. This directory is a temporary cache, and can be cleaned up from time to time. |
Dotted names should be nested inside JSON objects, for example, list.format
would be specified as {"list": {"format": "table"}}.
4.1.9. Shebang lines¶
If the first line of a script file starts with #!, it is known as a
"shebang" line. Linux and other Unix like operating systems have native
support for such lines and they are commonly used on such systems to indicate
how a script should be executed. The python and py commands allow the
same facilities to be used with Python scripts on Windows.
To allow shebang lines in Python scripts to be portable between Unix and Windows, a number of 'virtual' commands are supported to specify which interpreter to use. The supported virtual commands are:
/usr/bin/env <ALIAS>/usr/bin/env -S <ALIAS>/usr/bin/<ALIAS>/usr/local/bin/<ALIAS><ALIAS>
å ·äœçã«ãããã¹ã¯ãªããã®1è¡ç®ã
#! /usr/bin/python
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Any of the above virtual commands can have <ALIAS> replaced by an alias from
an installed runtime. That is, any command generated in the global aliases
directory (which you may have added to your PATH environment variable)
can be used in a shebang, even if it is not on your PATH. This allows
the use of shebangs like /usr/bin/python3.12 to select a particular runtime.
If no runtimes are installed, or if automatic installation is enabled, the requested runtime will be installed if necessary. See Configuration for information about configuration settings.
The /usr/bin/env form of shebang line will also search the PATH
environment variable for unrecognized commands. This corresponds to the
behaviour of the Unix env program, which performs the same search, but
prefers launching known Python commands. A warning may be displayed when
searching for arbitrary executables, and this search may be disabled by the
shebang_can_run_anything configuration option.
Shebang lines that do not match any of patterns are treated as Windows
executable paths that are absolute or relative to the directory containing the
script file. This is a convenience for Windows-only scripts, such as those
generated by an installer, since the behavior is not compatible with Unix-style
shells. These paths may be quoted, and may include multiple arguments, after
which the path to the script and any additional arguments will be appended.
This functionality may be disabled by the shebang_can_run_anything
configuration option.
Since version 26.3 of the Python install manager, custom shebang templates may
be added to your configuration file. Add the shebang_templates object with
one member for each template (the string to match) and the command to use when
the template is matched. Most commands should be py -V:<tag> (or pyw) to
launch one of your installed runtimes. The py -3.<version> form is also
allowed, as is a plain py to launch the default. No other arguments are
supported.
{
"shebang_templates": {
"/usr/bin/python": "py",
"/usr/bin/my_custom_python": "py -V:MyCustomPython/3"
}
}
If the substitute command is not py or pyw, it will be written back into
the shebang and regular handling continues. If launching arbitrary executables
is permitted, then providing a full path will allow you to redirect from Python
to any executable. The template should match either the entire line (ignoring
leading and trailing whitespace), or up to the first space in the shebang line.
泚é
The behaviour of shebangs in the Python install manager is subtly different
from the previous py.exe launcher, and the old configuration options no
longer apply. If you are specifically reliant on the old behaviour or
configuration, we recommend installing the legacy launcher. The legacy
launcher's py command will override PyManager's one by default, and you
will need to use pymanager commands for installing and uninstalling.
4.1.10. Advanced installation¶
For situations where an MSIX cannot be installed, such as some older
administrative distribution platforms, there is an MSI available from the
python.org downloads page. This MSI has no user interface, and can only perform
per-machine installs to its default location in Program Files. It will attempt
to modify the system PATH environment variable to include this install
location, but be sure to validate this on your configuration.
泚é
Windows Server 2019 is the only version of Windows that CPython supports that does not support MSIX. For Windows Server 2019, you should use the MSI.
Be aware that the MSI package does not bundle any runtimes, and so is not suitable for installs into offline environments without also creating an offline install index. See Offline installs and Administrative configuration for information on handling these scenarios.
Runtimes installed by the MSI are shared with those installed by the MSIX, and
are all per-user only. The Python install manager does not support installing
runtimes per-machine. To emulate a per-machine install, you can use py install
--target=<shared location> as administrator and add your own system-wide
modifications to PATH, the registry, or the Start menu.
When the MSIX is installed, but commands are not available in the PATH
environment variable, they can be found under
%LocalAppData%\Microsoft\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.PythonManager_3847v3x7pw1km
or
%LocalAppData%\Microsoft\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.PythonManager_qbz5n2kfra8p0,
depending on whether it was installed from python.org or through the Windows
Store. Attempting to run the executable directly from Program Files is not
recommended.
To programmatically install the Python install manager, it is easiest to use WinGet, which is included with all supported versions of Windows:
$> winget install 9NQ7512CXL7T -e --accept-package-agreements --disable-interactivity
# Optionally run the configuration checker and accept all changes
$> py install --configure -y
To download the Python install manager and install on another machine, the
following WinGet command will download the required files from the Store to your
Downloads directory (add -d <location> to customize the output location).
This also generates a YAML file that appears to be unnecessary, as the
downloaded MSIX can be installed by launching or using the commands below.
$> winget download 9NQ7512CXL7T -e --skip-license --accept-package-agreements --accept-source-agreements
To programmatically install or uninstall an MSIX using only PowerShell, the Add-AppxPackage and Remove-AppxPackage PowerShell cmdlets are recommended:
$> Add-AppxPackage C:\Downloads\python-manager-25.0.msix
...
$> Get-AppxPackage PythonSoftwareFoundation.PythonManager | Remove-AppxPackage
The latest release can be downloaded and installed by Windows by passing the AppInstaller file to the Add-AppxPackage command. This installs using the MSIX on python.org, and is only recommended for cases where installing via the Store (interactively or using WinGet) is not possible.
$> Add-AppxPackage -AppInstallerFile https://www.python.org/ftp/python/pymanager/pymanager.appinstaller
Other tools and APIs may also be used to provision an MSIX package for all users on a machine, but Python does not consider this a supported scenario. We suggest looking into the PowerShell Add-AppxProvisionedPackage cmdlet, the native Windows PackageManager class, or the documentation and support for your deployment tool.
Regardless of the install method, users will still need to install their own copies of Python itself, as there is no way to trigger those installs without being a logged in user. When using the MSIX, the latest version of Python will be available for all users to install without network access.
Note that the MSIX downloadable from the Store and from the Python website are subtly different and cannot be installed at the same time. Wherever possible, we suggest using the above WinGet commands to download the package from the Store to reduce the risk of setting up conflicting installs. There are no licensing restrictions on the Python install manager that would prevent using the Store package in this way.
4.1.11. Administrative configuration¶
There are a number of options that may be useful for administrators to override configuration of the Python install manager. These can be used to provide local caching, disable certain shortcut types, override bundled content. All of the above configuration options may be set, as well as those below.
Configuration options may be overridden in the registry by setting values under
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Python\PyManager, where the
value name matches the configuration key and the value type is REG_SZ. Note
that this key can itself be customized, but only by modifying the core config
file distributed with the Python install manager. We recommend, however, that
registry values are used only to set base_config to a JSON file containing
the full set of overrides. Registry key overrides will replace any other
configured setting, while base_config allows users to further modify
settings they may need.
Note that most settings with environment variables support those variables
because their default setting specifies the variable. If you override them, the
environment variable will no longer work, unless you override it with another
one. For example, the default value of confirm is literally
%PYTHON_MANAGER_CONFIRM%, which will resolve the variable at load time. If
you override the value to yes, then the environment variable will no longer
be used. If you override the value to %CONFIRM%, then that environment
variable will be used instead.
Configuration settings that are paths are interpreted as relative to the directory containing the configuration file that specified them.
Administrative configuration options
Config Key |
説æ |
|---|---|
|
The highest priority configuration file to read. Note that only the built-in configuration file and the registry can modify this setting. |
|
The second configuration file to read. |
|
The third configuration file to read. |
|
Registry location to check for overrides. Note that only the built-in configuration file can modify this setting. |
|
Read-only directory containing locally cached files. |
|
Path or URL to an index to consult when the main index cannot be accessed. |
|
Comma-separated list of shortcut kinds to allow (e.g. |
|
Comma-separated list of shortcut kinds to exclude
(e.g. |
|
True to use hard links for global shortcuts to save disk space. If false,
each shortcut executable is copied instead. After changing this setting,
you must run |
|
Registry location to read and write PEP 514 entries into.
By default, |
|
Start menu folder to write shortcuts into.
By default, |
|
Path to the active virtual environment.
By default, this is |
|
True to suppress visible warnings when a shebang launches an application other than a Python runtime. |
|
A mapping from source URL to settings specific to that index. When multiple configuration files include this section, URL settings are added or overwritten, but individual settings are not merged. These settings are currently only for index signatures. |
4.1.12. Installing free-threaded binaries¶
Added in version 3.13.
Pre-built distributions of the free-threaded build are available
by installing tags with the t suffix.
$> py install 3.14t
$> py install 3.14t-arm64
$> py install 3.14t-32
This will install and register as normal. If you have no other runtimes
installed, then python will launch this one. Otherwise, you will need to use
py -V:3.14t ... or, if you have added the global aliases directory to your
PATH environment variable, the python3.14t.exe commands.
4.1.13. Index signatures¶
Added in version 26.2.
Index files may be signed to detect tampering. A signature is a catalog file
at the same URL as the index with .cat added to the filename. The catalog
file should contain the hash of its matching index file, and should be signed
with a valid Authenticode signature. This allows standard tooling (on Windows)
to generate a signature, and any certificate may be used as long as the client
operating system already trusts its certification authority (root CA).
Index signatures are only downloaded and checked when the local configuration's
source_settings section includes the index URL and requires_signature is
true, or the index JSON contains requires_signature set to true. When the
setting exists in local configuration, even when false, settings in the index
are ignored.
As well as requiring a valid signature, the required_root_subject and
required_publisher_subject settings can further restrict acceptable
signatures based on the certificate Subject fields. Any attribute specified in
the configuration must match the attribute in the certificate (additional
attributes in the certificate are ignored). Typical attributes are CN= for
the common name, O= for the organizational unit, and C= for the
publisher's country.
Finally, the required_publisher_eku setting allows requiring that a specific
Enhanced Key Usage (EKU) has been assigned to the publisher certificate. For
example, the EKU 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3 indicates that the certificate was
intended for code signing (as opposed to server or client authentication).
In combination with a specific root CA, this provides another mechanism to
verify a legitimate signature.
This is an example source_settings section from a configuration file. In
this case, the publisher of the feed is uniquely identified by the combination
of the Microsoft Identity Verification root and the EKU assigned by that root.
The signature for this case would be found at
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/index-windows.json.cat.
{
"source_settings": {
"https://www.python.org/ftp/python/index-windows.json": {
"requires_signature": true,
"required_root_subject": "CN=Microsoft Identity Verification Root Certificate Authority 2020",
"required_publisher_subject": "CN=Python Software Foundation",
"required_publisher_eku": "1.3.6.1.4.1.311.97.608394634.79987812.305991749.578777327"
}
}
}
The same settings could be specified in the index.json file instead. In this
case, the root and EKU are omitted, meaning that the signature must be valid and
have a specific common name in the publisher's certificate, but no other checks
are used.
{
"requires_signature": true,
"required_publisher_subject": "CN=Python Software Foundation",
"versions": [
// ...
]
}
When settings from inside a feed are used, the user is notified and the settings are shown in the log file or verbose output. It is recommended to copy these settings into a local configuration file for feeds that will be used frequently, so that unauthorised modifications to the feed cannot disable verification.
It is not possible to override the location of the signature file in the feed or
through a configuration file. Administrators can provide their own
source_settings in a mandatory configuration file (see
Administrative configuration).
If signature validation fails, you will be notified and prompted to continue.
When interactive confirmation is not allowed (for example, because --yes was
specified), it will always abort. To use a feed with invalid configuration in
this scenario, you must provide a configuration file that disables signature
checking for that feed.
"source_settings": {
"https://www.example.com/feed-with-invalid-signature.json": {
"requires_signature": false
}
}
4.1.14. Proxy settings¶
Added in version 26.4.
By default, the Python install manager will use your system-wide proxy settings, including automatic authentication. For most users, this behaves the same as your browser and other applications.
To override the settings, use the NO_PROXY, HTTP_PROXY and
HTTPS_PROXY environment variables. These should be set in the terminal
session before using the Python install manager. Other applications may also
use the variables, so use caution before setting them globally for your entire
machine.
Setting NO_PROXY to any non-empty value will disable the use of any proxy.
Use this to bypass your system's default proxy setting and attempt to access the
index server directly.
Setting HTTPS_PROXY to a string like example.com:8080 will connect to
that proxy server for all HTTPS connections. For the default index, all
connections will be using HTTPS, and so this is the usual setting to override.
The HTTP_PROXY variable may be needed if you are using a private index
server that does not use encrypted connections, but does require the default
proxy server to be overridden. It follows the same format as HTTPS_PROXY.
Credentials may be embedded in either setting, however, when HTTPS_PROXY has
credentials embedded they will be used in preference to other credentials. Only
one set of credentials will be used for both types of proxy.
4.1.15. Troubleshooting¶
If your Python install manager does not seem to be working correctly, please
work through these tests and fixes to see if it helps. If not, please report an
issue at our bug tracker,
including any relevant log files (written to your %TEMP% directory by
default).
Troubleshooting
Symptom |
Things to try |
|---|---|
|
Did you install the Python install manager? |
Click Start, open "Manage app execution aliases", and check that the aliases for "Python (default)" are enabled. If they already are, try disabling and re-enabling to refresh the command. The "Python (default windowed)" and "Python install manager" commands may also need refreshing. |
|
Check that the |
|
Ensure your |
|
|
Did you install the Python install manager? |
Click Start, open "Manage app execution aliases", and check that the aliases for "Python (default)" are enabled. If they already are, try disabling and re-enabling to refresh the command. The "Python (default windowed)" and "Python install manager" commands may also need refreshing. |
|
Ensure your |
|
|
This usually means you have the legacy launcher installed and it has priority over the Python install manager. To remove, click Start, open "Installed apps", search for "Python launcher" and uninstall it. |
|
Click Start, open "Installed apps", look for any existing Python runtimes,
and either remove them or Modify and disable the |
Click Start, open "Manage app execution aliases", and check that your
|
|
|
Check your |
Installs that are managed by the Python install manager will be chosen
ahead of unmanaged installs.
Use |
|
Prerelease and experimental installs that are not managed by the Python
install manager may be chosen ahead of stable releases.
Configure your default tag or uninstall the prerelease runtime
and reinstall it using |
|
|
Click Start, open "Manage app execution aliases", and check that your
|
|
Have you activated a virtual environment?
Run the |
The package may be available but missing the generated executable.
We recommend using the |
|
I installed a package with |
Have you activated a virtual environment?
Run the |
New packages do not automatically have global shortcuts created by the
Python install manager. Similarly, uninstalled packages do not have their
shortcuts removed.
Run |
|
Typing |
This is a known limitation of the operating system. Either specify |
Drag-dropping files onto a script doesn't work |
This is a known limitation of the operating system. It is supported with the legacy launcher, or with the Python install manager when installed from the MSI. |
I have installed the Python install manager multiple times. |
It is possible to install from the Store or WinGet, from the MSIX on the Python website, and from the MSI, all at once. They are all compatible and will share configuration and runtimes. |
See the earlier Advanced installation section for ways to uninstall the install manager other than the typical Installed Apps (Add and Remove Programs) settings page. |
|
My old |
The new Python install manager no longer supports this configuration file or its settings, and so it will be ignored. See Configuration for information about configuration settings. |
4.2. åã蟌ã¿å¯èœãªããã±ãŒãžÂ¶
Added in version 3.5.
åã蟌ã¿çšã®é åž (embedded distribution) ã¯ãæå°éã® Python ç°å¢ãå«ãã ZIP ãã¡ã€ã«ã§ããããã¯ããšã³ããŠãŒã¶ããçŽæ¥çã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãäœãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®äžéšãšããŠåäœããããšãæå³ãããã®ã§ãã
To install an embedded distribution, we recommend using py install with the
--target option:
$> py install 3.14-embed --target=<directory>
When extracted, the embedded distribution is (almost) fully isolated from the
user's system, including environment variables, system registry settings, and
installed packages. The standard library is included as pre-compiled and
optimized .pyc files in a ZIP, and python3.dll, python313.dll,
python.exe and pythonw.exe are all provided. Tcl/tk (including all
dependents, such as Idle), pip and the Python documentation are not included.
A default ._pth file is included, which further restricts the default search
paths (as described below in ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æ€çŽ¢). This file is
intended for embedders to modify as necessary.
ãµãŒãããŒãã£ã®ããã±ãŒãžã¯ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã«ãã£ãŠãåã蟌ã¿çšé åžãšåãå Žæã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããã¹ãã§ããéåžžã® Python ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã«äŸåæ§ç®¡çã« pip ã䜿ãããšã¯ããã®é åžã§ã¯ãµããŒããããŸãããã§ãããã¡ãã£ãšããæ³šæãæãã°ãèªåæŽæ°ã®ããã« pip ãå«ããŠå©çšããããšã¯ã§ãããããããŸãããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ã«æŽæ°ãæäŸããåã«éçºè ãæ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ãšã®äºææ§ãä¿èšŒã§ããããããµãŒãããŒãã£ãŒã®ããã±ãŒãžã¯ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®äžéšãšããŠæ±ãããã¹ãã§ã ("vendoring")ã
ãã®é åžã® 2 ã€ã®ãå§ãã§ãããŠãŒã¹ã±ãŒã¹ãã以äžã§èª¬æããŸãã
4.2.1. Python application¶
Python ã§èšè¿°ããããå¿ ããããŠãŒã¶ã«ãã®äºå®ãæèãããå¿ èŠã®ãªãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããåã蟌ã¿çšé åžã¯ãã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã±ãŒãžå ã« Python ã®ãã©ã€ããŒãããŒãžã§ã³ãå«ããã®ã«äœ¿ããã§ãããããã®äºå®ãã©ã®ããã«ééçã§ããã¹ããã«äŸåã㊠(ãããã¯éã«ãã©ã®ããã«ãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ã«ã¿ããã¹ãã)ã2 ã€ã®éžæè¢ããããŸãã
ã©ã³ãã£ãšãªãç¹å¥ãªå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ã䜿ãããšã¯ã¡ãã£ãšããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãå¿
èŠãšããŸããããŠãŒã¶ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯æãééçãªãŠãŒã¶äœéšãšãªããŸããã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºãããã©ã³ãã£ã§ã¯ãäœãããªããã° Python ã§å®è¡ãããããã°ã©ã ã®æçœãªç®å°ã¯ãããŸãã; ã¢ã€ã³ã³ã¯ã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºããäŒç€ŸåãããŒãžã§ã³æ
å ±ãæå®ãããã¡ã€ã«ã®é¢é£ä»ããããã«çžå¿ããæ¯èãããã«ã§ããŸããã»ãšãã©ã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ã«ã¹ã¿ã ã©ã³ãã£ã¯ãããŒãã³ãŒããããã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³æååã§åçŽã« Py_Main ãåŒã³åºãã®ã§æžãã¯ãã§ãã
ããç°¡åãªã¢ãããŒãã¯ã python.exe ãŸã㯠pythonw.exe ãå¿
èŠãªã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³åŒæ°ãšãšãã«çŽæ¥åŒã³åºãããããã¡ã€ã«ãã·ã§ãŒãã«ãããæäŸããããšã§ãããã®å Žåããã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯å®éã®ååã§ã¯ãªã Python ã§ããããã«ã¿ããã®ã§ãã»ãã«åäœããŠãã Python ããã»ã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ã®é¢é£ä»ããšåºå¥ããã®ã«ãŠãŒã¶ãå°ããããããŸããã
åŸè ã®ã¢ãããŒãã§ã¯ããã±ãŒãžã¯ããã¹äžã§å©çšå¯èœã§ããããšãä¿èšŒããããã«ãPython å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ãšåããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããã¹ãã§ããç¹å¥ãªã©ã³ãã£ã®å Žåã¯ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³èµ·ååã«æ€çŽ¢ãã¹ãæå®ããæ©äŒãããã®ã§ãããã±ãŒãžã¯ã»ãã®å Žæã«é 眮ã§ããŸãã
4.2.2. Python ã®åã蟌ã¿Â¶
ãã€ãã£ãã³ãŒãã§æžãããæã
ã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªã®ãããªãã®ãå¿
èŠãšãããããªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããPython åã蟌ã¿çšã®é
åžã¯ãã®ç®çã«äœ¿ããŸããäžè¬çã«ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å€§åããã€ãã£ãã³ãŒãå
ã«ãããäžéšã python.exe ãåŒã³åºãããçŽæ¥çã« python3.dll ã䜿ããŸããã©ã¡ãã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ããããŒãå¯èœãª Python ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãæäŸããã®ã«ã¯ãåã蟌ã¿çšã®é
åžãå±éããŠã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãµããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«çœ®ãããšã§ååã§ãã
ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã䜿ãããã±ãŒãžã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿åæååã«æ€çŽ¢ãã¹ãæå®ããæ©äŒãããã®ã§ãä»»æã®å Žæã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ããŸãããŸããåã蟌ã¿çšé åžã䜿ãã®ãšéåžžã® Python ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã䜿ãã®ãšã§ã®æ ¹æ¬çãªéãã¯ãããŸããã
4.3. nuget.org ããã±ãŒãžÂ¶
Added in version 3.5.2.
nuget.org ããã±ãŒãžã¯ãµã€ãºãçž®å°ãã Python ç°å¢ã§ãã·ã¹ãã å šäœã§äœ¿ãã Python ãç¡ãç¶ç¶çã€ã³ãã°ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããã«ãã·ã¹ãã ã§äœ¿ãããšãæå³ããŠããŸãã nuget 㯠".NET ã®ããã®ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£" ã§ããããã«ãæã«äœ¿ãããŒã«ãå«ãã ããã±ãŒãžã«å¯ŸããŠãéåžžã«äžæãåäœããŸãã
nuget ã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã«ã€ããŠã®ææ°ã®æ å ±ãåŸãã«ã¯ nuget.org ã«è¡ã£ãŠãã ããã ããããå 㯠Python éçºè ã«ãšã£ãŠååãªèŠçŽã§ãã
The nuget.exe command line tool may be downloaded directly from
https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe, for example,
using curl or PowerShell. With the tool, the latest version of Python for
64-bit or 32-bit machines is installed using:
nuget.exe install python -ExcludeVersion -OutputDirectory .
nuget.exe install pythonx86 -ExcludeVersion -OutputDirectory .
ç¹å®ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãéžæããã«ã¯ã -Version 3.x.y ã远å ããŠãã ããã
åºåãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã¯ . ãã倿Žãããããšããããããã±ãŒãžã¯ãµããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸãã
ããã©ã«ãã§ã¯ãµããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã¯ããã±ãŒãžãšåãååã«ãªãã -ExcludeVersion ãªãã·ã§ã³ãä»ããªããšãã®ååã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããããŒãžã§ã³ãå«ã¿ãŸãã
ãµããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã®äžã«ã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã Python ãå«ãã§ãã tools ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªããããŸã:
# Without -ExcludeVersion
> .\python.3.5.2\tools\python.exe -V
Python 3.5.2
# With -ExcludeVersion
> .\python\tools\python.exe -V
Python 3.5.2
äžè¬çã«ã¯ã nuget ããã±ãŒãžã¯ã¢ããã°ã¬ãŒãã§ãããããæ°ããããŒãžã§ã³ã¯æšªäžŠã³ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããã«ãã¹ã§åç §ãããŸãã ãããã代ããã«ãæåã§çŽæ¥ããã±ãŒãžãåé€ããå床ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšãã§ããŸãã å€ãã® CI ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ããã«ãéã§ãã¡ã€ã«ãä¿åããŠãããªãå Žåããã®äœæ¥ãèªåçã«è¡ããŸãã
tools ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãšåãå Žæã« build\native ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªããããŸãã
ãã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã¯ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã Python ãåç
§ãã C++ ãããžã§ã¯ãã§äœ¿ãã MSBuild ããããã£ãã¡ã€ã« python.props ãå«ã¿ãŸãã
ããã«èšå®ãå
¥ãããšèªåçã«ãããã䜿ãããã«ãæã«ã©ã€ãã©ãªãã€ã³ããŒãããŸãã
The package information pages on nuget.org are www.nuget.org/packages/python for the 64-bit version, www.nuget.org/packages/pythonx86 for the 32-bit version, and www.nuget.org/packages/pythonarm64 for the ARM64 version
4.3.1. ããªãŒã¹ã¬ããããã±ãŒãž (Free-threaded packages)¶
Added in version 3.13.
ããªãŒã¹ã¬ãããã€ã㪠(free-threaded binaries) ãå«ãããã±ãŒãžã¯ã 64-bit çã§ã¯ python-freethreaded ã 32-bit çã§ã¯ pythonx86-freethreaded ã ARM64 çã§ã¯ pythonarm64-freethreaded ãšåœåãããŸãããããã®ããã±ãŒãžã¯ãšãã« python3.13t.exe ãš python.exe ãšã³ããªãŒãã€ã³ããå«ã¿ãã©ã¡ããããªãŒã¹ã¬ããã§å®è¡ãããŸãã
4.4. å¥ã®ãã³ãã«Â¶
æšæºã® CPython ã®é åžç©ã®ä»ã«ã远å ã®æ©èœãæã£ãŠããä¿®æ£ãããããã±ãŒãžããããŸãã以äžã¯äººæ°ã®ããããŒãžã§ã³ãšãã®ããŒãšãªãæ©èœã§ã:
- ActivePython
ãã«ããã©ãããã©ãŒã äºæã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãŒãããã¥ã¡ã³ãã PyWin32
- Anaconda
人æ°ã®ãã (numpy, scipy ã pandas ã®ãããª) ç§åŠç³»ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£
condaã- Enthought Deployment Manager
"次äžä»£ã® Python ç°å¢ãšããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒ" ("The Next Generation Python Environment and Package Manager")ã
以å㯠Enthought ã Canopy ãæäŸããŠããŸãããããã㯠2016 幎ã«ãµããŒããçµäºããŸããã
- WinPython
ãã«ãæžã¿ã®ç§åŠç³»ããã±ãŒãžãšãããã±ãŒãžã®ãã«ãã®ããã®ããŒã«ãå«ããWindows åºæã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã
ãããããã±ãŒãžã¯ Python ãä»ã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ææ°ããŒãžã§ã³ãå«ãŸãããšã¯éããŸããããã³ã¢ Python ããŒã ã¯ããããä¿å®ãããŸããããµããŒããããŸããã®ã§ãçè§£ãã ããã
4.5. Supported Windows versions¶
As specified in PEP 11, a Python release only supports a Windows platform while Microsoft considers the platform under extended support. This means that Python 3.14 supports Windows 10 and newer. If you require Windows 7 support, please install Python 3.8. If you require Windows 8.1 support, please install Python 3.12.
4.6. Removing the MAX_PATH limitation¶
Windows ã¯æŽå²çã«ãã¹ã®é·ãã 260 æåã«å¶éãããŠããŸãã ã€ãŸããããããé·ããã¹ã¯è§£æ±ºã§ããçµæãšããŠãšã©ãŒã«ãªããšããããšã§ãã
In the latest versions of Windows, this limitation can be expanded to over
32,000 characters. Your administrator will need to activate the "Enable Win32
long paths" group policy, or set LongPathsEnabled to 1 in the registry
key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem.
ããã«ããã open() 颿°ã os ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãä»ã®ã»ãšãã©ã®ãã¹ã®æ©èœã 260 æåããé·ããã¹ãåãå
¥ããè¿ãããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
After changing the above option and rebooting, no further configuration is required.
4.7. UTF-8 ã¢ãŒã¶
Added in version 3.7.
Windows still uses legacy encodings for the system encoding (the ANSI Code
Page). Python uses it for the default encoding of text files (e.g.
locale.getencoding()).
This may cause issues because UTF-8 is widely used on the internet and most Unix systems, including WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux).
You can use the Python UTF-8 Mode to change the default text
encoding to UTF-8. You can enable the Python UTF-8 Mode via
the -X utf8 command line option, or the PYTHONUTF8=1 environment
variable. See PYTHONUTF8 for enabling UTF-8 mode, and
Python install manager for how to modify environment variables.
When the Python UTF-8 Mode is enabled, you can still use the system encoding (the ANSI Code Page) via the "mbcs" codec.
Note that adding PYTHONUTF8=1 to the default environment variables
will affect all Python 3.7+ applications on your system.
If you have any Python 3.7+ applications which rely on the legacy
system encoding, it is recommended to set the environment variable
temporarily or use the -X utf8 command line option.
泚é
Even when UTF-8 mode is disabled, Python uses UTF-8 by default on Windows for:
Console I/O including standard I/O (see PEP 528 for details).
The filesystem encoding (see PEP 529 for details).
4.8. ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æ€çŽ¢Â¶
These notes supplement the description at sys.path ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«æ€çŽ¢ãã¹ã®åæå with detailed Windows notes.
._pth ãã¡ã€ã«ãèŠä»ãããªãã£ããšãã¯ã Windows ã§ã¯ sys.path ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«èšå®ãããŸã:
æåã«ç©ºã®ãšã³ããªã远å ãããŸããããã¯ã«ã¬ã³ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªãæããŠããŸãã
ãã®æ¬¡ã«ã
PYTHONPATHç°å¢å€æ°ãååšãããšãã ç°å¢å€æ° ã§è§£èª¬ãããŠããããã«è¿œå ãããŸãã Windows ã§ã¯ãã©ã€ãèå¥å (C:\ãªã©)ãšåºå¥ããããã«ããã®ç°å¢å€æ°ã«å«ãŸãããã¹ã®åºåãæåã¯ã»ãã³ãã³ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãäºã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã远å ã§ "ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãã¹" ã
HKEY_CURRENT_USERãHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEã®äžã®\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore{version}\PythonPathã®ãµãããŒãšããŠç»é²ããããšãã§ããŸãããµãããŒã¯ããã©ã«ãå€ãšããŠã»ãã³ãã³ã§åºåããããã¹æååãæã€ããšãã§ããæžããã¹ãsys.pathã«è¿œå ãããŸãã (æ¢åã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãŒã¯ãã¹ãŠ HKLM ããå©çšããªãã®ã§ã HKCU ã¯é垞空ã§ã)PYTHONHOMEãèšå®ãããŠããå Žåãããã "Python Home" ãšããŠæ±ãããŸãã ãã以å€ã®å Žåã "Python Home" ãæšå®ããããã« Python ã®å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãã¹ãã "ç®å°ãã¡ã€ã«" (Lib\os.pyãŸãã¯pythonXY.zip) ãæ¢ãããŸãã Python home ãèŠã€ãã£ãå Žåãããããããã€ãã®ãµããã£ã¬ã¯ã㪠(Lib,plat-winãªã©) ãsys.pathã«è¿œå ãããŸãã èŠã€ãããªãã£ãå Žåãã³ã¢ãšãªã Python path ã¯ã¬ãžã¹ããªã«ç»é²ããã PythonPath ããæ§ç¯ãããŸããPython Home ãèŠã€ããããç°å¢å€æ°
PYTHONPATHãæå®ããããã¬ãžã¹ããªãšã³ããªãèŠã€ãããªãã£ãå Žåãé¢é£ããããã©ã«ãã®ãã¹ãå©çšãããŸã (äŸ:.\Lib;.\plat-winãªã©)ã
ã¡ã€ã³ã®å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ãšåãå Žæãäžã€äžã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã« pyvenv.cfg ãããå Žåã以äžã®ç°ãªã£ãèŠåãé©çšãããŸã:
PYTHONHOMEãèšå®ãããŠããããhomeã絶察ãã¹ã®å Žåãhome æšå®ã®éã¡ã€ã³ã®å®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ããæšå®ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã®ãã¹ã䜿ããŸãã
çµæãšããŠãããªããŸã:
python.exeããã以å€ã® Python ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ãã .exe ãã¡ã€ã«ãå®è¡ãããšã (ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããå Žåã§ã PCbuild ããçŽæ¥å®è¡ãããŠããå Žåã§ã) core path ãå©çšãããã¬ãžã¹ããªå ã® core path ã¯ç¡èŠãããŸãããã以å€ã®ã¬ãžã¹ããªã® "application paths" ã¯åžžã«èªã¿èŸŒãŸããŸããPython ãä»ã® .exe ãã¡ã€ã« (ä»ã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ååšããå ŽåããCOMçµç±ã§çµã¿èŸŒãŸããå Žåãªã©) ã«ãã¹ããããŠããå Žåã¯ã "Python Home" ã¯æšå®ããããã¬ãžã¹ããªã«ãã core path ãå©çšãããŸãããã以å€ã®ã¬ãžã¹ããªã® "application paths" ã¯åžžã«èªã¿èŸŒãŸããŸãã
Python ããã® home ãèŠã€ãããããã¬ãžã¹ããªã®å€ããªãå Žå (ããã¯ããã€ãã®ãšãŠãããããªã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ããã¢ããã®åçµããã .exe)ããã¹ã¯æå°éã®ããã©ã«ããšããŠçžå¯Ÿãã¹ã䜿ãããŸãã
èªèº«ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãé åžç©ã« Python ããã³ãã«ãããå Žåã«ã¯ã以äžã®å©èš (ã®ãããããŸãã¯çµåã) ã«ããã»ãã®ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšã®è¡çªãé¿ããããšãã§ããŸã:
Include a
._pthfile alongside your executable containing the directories to include. This will ignore paths listed in the registry and environment variables, and also ignoresiteunlessimport siteis listed.If you are loading
python3.dllorpython37.dllin your own executable, explicitly setPyConfig.module_search_pathsbeforePy_InitializeFromConfig().èªèº«ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã
python.exeãèµ·åããåã«ãPYTHONPATHãã¯ãªã¢ãããäžæžãããPYTHONHOMEãã»ããããŠãã ãããIf you cannot use the previous suggestions (for example, you are a distribution that allows people to run
python.exedirectly), ensure that the landmark file (Lib\os.py) exists in your install directory. (Note that it will not be detected inside a ZIP file, but a correctly named ZIP file will be detected instead.)
ãããã¯ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã€ãã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããã¡ã€ã«ããããªãã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãã³ãã«ãããæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ã³ããŒã«åªå ããªãããã«ããŸãããããããªããã°ããªãã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãŠãŒã¶ã¯ãäœãããåé¡ãæ±ãããããããŸãããäžã§åæããæåã®ææ¡ãæåã§ããã»ãã®ãã®ã¯ã¬ãžã¹ããªå ã®éæšæºã®ãã¹ããŠãŒã¶ã® site-packages ã®åœ±é¿ãå°ãåããããããã§ãã
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.6 ã§å€æŽ: Add ._pth file support and removes applocal option from
pyvenv.cfg.
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.6 ã§å€æŽ: Add pythonXX.zip as a potential landmark when directly adjacent
to the executable.
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.6 ã§éæšå¥š: Modules specified in the registry under Modules (not PythonPath)
may be imported by importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder.
This finder is enabled on Windows in 3.6.0 and earlier, but may need to
be explicitly added to sys.meta_path in the future.
4.9. 远å ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«Â¶
Python ã¯å šãã©ãããã©ãŒã äºæãç®æããŠããŸããã Windows ã«ãããªããŠããŒã¯ãªæ©èœããããŸããæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãšå€éšã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®äž¡æ¹ã§ã幟ã€ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšããããã£ãæ©èœã䜿ãããã®ã¹ããããããããŸãã
Windows åºæã®æšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ã MS Windows åºæã®ãµãŒãã¹ ã«æžãããŠããŸãã
4.9.1. PyWin32¶
The PyWin32 module by Mark Hammond is a collection of modules for advanced Windows-specific support. This includes utilities for:
Component Object Model (COM)
Win32 API åŒã³åºã
ã¬ãžã¹ããª
ã€ãã³ããã°
Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) user interfaces
PythonWin 㯠PyWin32 ã«ä»å±ããŠããããµã³ãã«ã®MFCã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããããã¯ãã«ãã€ã³ã®ãããã¬ãå«ããçµã¿èŸŒã¿å¯èœãªIDEã§ãã
åè
- Win32 How Do I...?
by Tim Golden
- Python and COM
by David and Paul Boddie
4.9.2. cx_Freeze¶
cx_Freeze
wraps Python scripts into executable Windows programs
(*.exe files). When you have done this, you can distribute your
application without requiring your users to install Python.
4.10. Windows äžã§ Python ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãã¶
CPython ãèªåã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããå Žåãæåã«ãã¹ãããšã¯ ãœãŒã¹ ãååŸããããšã§ããææ°ãªãªãŒã¹çã®ãœãŒã¹ããæ°ãã ãã§ãã¯ã¢ãŠã ãããŠã³ããŒãã§ããŸãã
ãœãŒã¹ããªãŒã«ã¯ Microsoft Visual Studio ã§ã®ãã«ãã®ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã¡ã€ã«ãšãããžã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ãå«ãŸããŠããŠããããå
¬åŒã® Python ãªãªãŒã¹ã«äœ¿ãããŠããã³ã³ãã€ã©ã§ããããããã¡ã€ã«ã¯ PCbuild ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªå
ã«ãããŸãã
ãã«ãããã»ã¹ã«ã€ããŠã®äžè¬çãªæ
å ±ã¯ãPCbuild/readme.txt ã«ãããŸãã
æ¡åŒµã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã Windows äžã§ã® C ããã³ C++ æ¡åŒµã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ãã«ã ãåç §ããŠãã ããã
4.11. The full installer (deprecated)¶
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.14 ã§éæšå¥š: This installer is deprecated since 3.14 and will not be produced for Python 3.16 or later. See Python install manager for the modern installer.
4.11.1. ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æé ¶
ããŠã³ããŒãã§ãã Python 3.14 ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã¯ 4 ã€ãããŸãã ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã® 32 ãããçã64 ãããçããããã 2 ã€ãã€ãããŸãã WEB ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã© ã¯æåã®ããŠã³ããŒããµã€ãºã¯å°ãããå¿ èŠãªã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©å®è¡æã«å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠèªåçã«ããŠã³ããŒãããŸãã ãªãã©ã€ã³ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã© ã«ã¯ããã©ã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã«å¿ èŠãªã³ã³ããŒãã³ããå«ãŸããŠããŠãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæ¥ç¶ã¯ãªãã·ã§ãã«ãªæ©èœã®ããã«ã ãã«å¿ èŠãšãªããŸãã ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æã«ããŠã³ããŒããé¿ããã»ãã®æ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ Installing without downloading ãåç §ããŠäžããã
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãéå§ãããšã2ã€ã®éžæè¢ããã²ãšã€ãéžã¹ãŸã:
"Install Now" ãéžæããå Žå:
管çè æš©é㯠äžèŠã§ã (ãã ã C ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ã·ã¹ãã æŽæ°ãå¿ èŠã§ãã£ããã Python install manager ããã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶åãã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå Žåã¯å¿ èŠã§ã)ã
Python ã¯ããªãã®ãŠãŒã¶ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸãã
Python install manager ã¯ãã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãŠã£ã¶ãŒãæåã®ããŒãžã®äžéšã®ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹æå®ã«åŸã£ãŠã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸãã
æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªããã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒããã©ã³ãã£ãpip ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸãã
ãã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãŠã£ã¶ãŒãæåã®äžéšã®ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ããã§ãã¯ããã°ãç°å¢å€æ°
PATHã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã远å ãããŸããã·ã§ãŒãã«ããã¯ã«ã¬ã³ããŠãŒã¶ã ãã«å¯èŠã«ãªããŸãã
"Customize installation" ãéžæãããšãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«å Žæããã®ä»ãªãã·ã§ã³ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«åŸã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®å€æŽãªã©ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®æããããéžã¹ãŸãããããã°ã·ã³ãã«ããããã°ãã€ããªãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããªããã¡ããéžæããå¿ èŠãããã§ãããã
ãã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ã®ããã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®ããã«ã¯ "Customize installation" ãéžãã§ãã ããããã®å Žå:
管çè è³æ Œãæ¿èªãå¿ èŠãããããŸããã
Python 㯠Program Files ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸãã
Python install manager 㯠Windows ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŸãã
ãªãã·ã§ãã«ãªæ©èœã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«äžã«éžæã§ããŸãã
æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªããã€ãã³ãŒãã«ããªã³ã³ãã€ã«ã§ããŸãã
ããéžæããã°ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã¯ã·ã¹ãã ç°å¢å€æ°
PATHã«è¿œå ãããŸããã·ã§ãŒãã«ããããã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ã§å©çšã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
4.11.2. Removing the MAX_PATH limitation¶
Windows ã¯æŽå²çã«ãã¹ã®é·ãã 260 æåã«å¶éãããŠããŸãã ã€ãŸããããããé·ããã¹ã¯è§£æ±ºã§ããçµæãšããŠãšã©ãŒã«ãªããšããããšã§ãã
Windows ã®ææ°çã§ã¯ããã®å¶éã¯çŽ 32,000 æåãŸã§æ¡åŒµã§ããŸãã
管çè
ããã°ã«ãŒãããªã·ãŒã® "Win32 ã®é·ããã¹ãæå¹ã«ãã (Enable Win32 long paths)" ãæå¹ã«ããããã¬ãžã¹ããªã㌠HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem ã® LongPathsEnabled ã®å€ã 1 ã«èšå®ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
ããã«ããã open() 颿°ã os ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãä»ã®ã»ãšãã©ã®ãã¹ã®æ©èœã 260 æåããé·ããã¹ãåãå
¥ããè¿ãããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
ãããã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã倿Žãããããã以äžã®èšå®ã¯å¿ èŠãããŸããã
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.6 ã§å€æŽ: Python ã§é·ããã¹ã®ãµããŒããå¯èœã«ãªããŸããã
4.11.3. Installing without UI¶
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã® GUI ã§å©çšã§ãããã¹ãŠã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ãã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ãããæå®ã§ããŸããããã«ãããŠãŒã¶ãšã®å¯Ÿè©±ãªãã§æ°å€ãã®æ©åšã«åãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãè¡ããããªãã¹ã¯ãªããåãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸããã¡ãã£ãšããããã©ã«ãã®å€æŽã®ããã«ãGUI ãæå¶ããããšãªãã«ãããã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ãªãã·ã§ã³ãã»ããããããšãã§ããŸãã
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãŒã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ (/? ã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãå®è¡ããããšã§ç¢ºèªã§ããŸã) ãæž¡ãããšãã§ããŸã:
åå |
説æ |
|---|---|
/passive |
ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®æäœãªãã§ã鲿ã衚瀺ãã |
/quiet |
UI ã衚瀺ããã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã»ã¢ã³ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã |
/simple |
ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ããã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºãã§ããªãããã«ãã |
/uninstall |
(確èªç¡ãã§) Python ãåé€ãã |
/layout [ãã£ã¬ã¯ããª] |
ãã¹ãŠã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ããäºåã«ããŠã³ããŒããã |
/log [ãã¡ã€ã«å] |
ãã°ãã¡ã€ã«ã®å Žæãæå®ãã |
ã»ãã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ name=value ã®åœ¢ã§æž¡ããŸããvalue ã¯å€§æµ 0 ã§æ©èœãç¡å¹åã 1 ã§æ©èœãæå¹åãã§ãããšããã¹ã®æå®ã§ããå©çšå¯èœãªãªãã·ã§ã³ã®å®å
šãªãªã¹ãã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
åå |
説æ |
ããã©ã«ã |
|---|---|---|
InstallAllUsers |
ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã€ããªã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãå®è¡ããã |
0 |
TargetDir |
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«å ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã |
InstallAllUsers ã«åºããŠéžæãããŸãã |
DefaultAllUsersTargetDir |
ãã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶åãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®ããã®ããã©ã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«å ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã |
|
DefaultJustForMeTargetDir |
èªåäžäººçšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®ããã®ããã©ã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«å ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã |
|
DefaultCustomTargetDir |
ã«ã¹ã¿ã ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãšããŠããã©ã«ãã§ GUI ã«è¡šç€ºãããå€ã |
(空) |
AssociateFiles |
ã©ã³ãã£ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå Žåã«ããã¡ã€ã«ã®é¢é£ä»ããè¡ãã |
1 |
CompileAll |
ãã¹ãŠã® |
0 |
PrependPath |
|
0 |
AppendPath |
|
0 |
Shortcuts |
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãããã¥ã¡ã³ããIDLE ãžã®ã·ã§ãŒãã«ãããäœãã |
1 |
Include_doc |
Python ããã¥ã¢ã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
1 |
Include_debug |
ãããã°ãã€ããªãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
0 |
Include_dev |
éçºè çšããããŒãšã©ã€ãã©ãªãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããããçç¥ãããšã䜿çšäžå¯èœãªã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã |
1 |
Include_exe |
|
1 |
Include_launcher |
Python install manager ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
1 |
InstallLauncherAllUsers |
ãã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ã©ã³ãã£ãŒãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
1 |
Include_lib |
æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãšæ¡åŒµã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããããçç¥ãããšã䜿çšäžå¯èœãªã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã |
1 |
Include_pip |
ãã³ãã«çã® pip ãš setuptools ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
1 |
Include_symbols |
ãããã°ã·ã³ãã« ( |
0 |
Include_tcltk |
Tcl/Tk ãµããŒããš IDLE ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
1 |
Include_test |
æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
1 |
Include_tools |
ãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ã¹ã¯ãªãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã |
1 |
LauncherOnly |
ã©ã³ãã£ã®ã¿ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããããã¯ä»ã®ã»ãšãã©ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãäžæžãããŸãã |
0 |
SimpleInstall |
æå€§éã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã© GUI ãç¡å¹ã«ããã |
0 |
SimpleInstallDescription |
åçŽåãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã© GUI ã䜿ãéã«è¡šç€ºããã«ã¹ã¿ã ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã |
(空) |
äŸãã°ããã©ã«ãã§ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã€ã㪠Python ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéãã«è¡ãã«ã¯ã以äžã³ãã³ãã䜿ããŸã (ã³ãã³ãããã³ãããã):
python-3.9.0.exe /quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0
ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒããªãã® Python ã®ããŒãœãã«ãªã³ããŒã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠãŒã¶ã«ç°¡åã«è¡ãããã«ã¯ã以äžã³ãã³ãã®ã·ã§ãŒãã«ãããäœãã°è¯ãã§ããããã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã®æåã®ããŒãžãåçŽåããŠè¡šç€ºãããŸããã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºã§ããªãããã«ããŸã:
python-3.9.0.exe InstallAllUsers=0 Include_launcher=0 Include_test=0
SimpleInstall=1 SimpleInstallDescription="Just for me, no test suite."
(ã©ã³ãã£ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãçç¥ãããšãã¡ã€ã«ã®é¢é£ä»ããçç¥ãããã®ã§ãããã¯ã©ã³ãã£ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãå«ããã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã€ããªã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããå Žåã®ãŠãŒã¶ããšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã«éã£ãå Žåã®ãå§ãã§ãã)
äžã§ãªã¹ããããªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ãå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ãšåãå Žæã® unattend.xml ãšåä»ãããããã¡ã€ã«ã§äžããããšãã§ããŸãããã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯ãªãã·ã§ã³ãšãã®å€ã®ãªã¹ããæå®ããŸããå€ãã¢ããªãã¥ãŒããšããŠäžããããå Žåãããã¯æ°å€ã§ããã°æ°å€ã«å€æãããŸãããšã¬ã¡ã³ãããã¹ãã§äžããå Žåã¯åžžã«æååã®ãŸãŸã§ãã以äžã¯ãå
ã®äŸãšåããªãã·ã§ã³ãã»ãããããã¡ã€ã«ã®å®äŸã§ã:
<Options>
<Option Name="InstallAllUsers" Value="no" />
<Option Name="Include_launcher" Value="0" />
<Option Name="Include_test" Value="no" />
<Option Name="SimpleInstall" Value="yes" />
<Option Name="SimpleInstallDescription">Just for me, no test suite</Option>
</Options>
4.11.4. Installing without downloading¶
Python ã®ããã€ãã®æ©èœã¯æåã«ããŠã³ããŒãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã«ã¯å«ãŸããŠããªãããããããã®æ©èœãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšéžæãããšã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæ¥ç¶ãå¿ èŠã«ãªããŸãã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæ¥ç¶ãå¿ èŠã«ãªããªãããã«ãå šãŠã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ããããã«ã§ããéãããŠã³ããŒãããŠãå®å šãª é çœ®æ§æ (layout) ãäœæããã©ããªæ©èœãéžæããããã«é¢ãããããã以äžã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæ¥ç¶ãå¿ èŠããªãããã«ããŸãã ãã®æ¹æ³ã®ããŠã³ããŒããµã€ãºã¯å¿ èŠä»¥äžã«å€§ãããªããããããŸããããããããã®åæ°ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšããå Žåã«ã¯ãããŒã«ã«ã«ãã£ãã·ã¥ãããã³ããŒãæã€ããšã¯ãšãŠãæçšã§ãã
ã³ãã³ãããã³ãããã以äžã®ã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããŠãå¿
èŠãªãã¡ã€ã«ãã§ããéãå
šãŠããŠã³ããŒãããŸãã
python-3.9.0.exe éšåã¯å®éã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã®ååã«çœ®ãæããååã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã©ããã®è¡çªãèµ·ãããªãããã«ãåå¥ã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªå
ã«é
çœ®æ§æãäœãã®ãå¿ããªãããã«ããŠãã ããã
python-3.9.0.exe /layout [optional target directory]
é²æè¡šç€ºãé ãã®ã« /quiet ãªãã·ã§ã³ãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸãã
4.11.5. ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«åŸã®å€æŽÂ¶
ãã£ãã Python ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããããWindows ã®ã·ã¹ãã æ©èœã®ãããã°ã©ã ãšæ©èœãããŒã«ããæ©èœã®è¿œå ãåé€ãã§ããŸããPython ã®ãšã³ããªãéžæããŠãã¢ã³ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãšå€æŽããéžã¶ããšã§ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ã¢ãŒãã§éããŸãã
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã© GUI ã§ "Modify" ãéžã¶ãšããã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ã®éžæãå€ããããšã§æ©èœã®è¿œå åé€ãã§ããŸã - ãã§ãã¯ããã¯ã¹ã®éžæãå€ããªããã°ãäœããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããåé€ããããã¯ããŸãããããã€ãã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ãã®ã¢ãŒãã§ã¯å€æŽããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãªã©ã§ããããããå€ãããã®ã§ããã°ãå®å šã«åé€ããŠããåã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
"Repair" ã§ã¯ãçŸåšã®èšå®ã§æ¬æ¥ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããã¹ããã¹ãŠã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãæ€èšŒããåé€ãããŠãããæŽæ°ãããŠããããããã¡ã€ã«ãä¿®æ£ããŸãã
"Uninstall" 㯠Python ãå®å šã«åé€ããŸãããããã°ã©ã ãšæ©èœãå ã®èªèº«ã®ãšã³ããªãæã€ Python install manager ã®äŸå€ãèµ·ãããŸãã
4.11.6. Installing free-threaded binaries¶
Added in version 3.13.
To install pre-built binaries with free-threading enabled (see PEP 703), you should select "Customize installation". The second page of options includes the "Download free-threaded binaries" checkbox.
Selecting this option will download and install additional binaries to the same
location as the main Python install. The main executable is called
python3.13t.exe, and other binaries either receive a t suffix or a full
ABI suffix. Python source files and bundled third-party dependencies are shared
with the main install.
The free-threaded version is registered as a regular Python install with the
tag 3.13t (with a -32 or -arm64 suffix as normal for those
platforms). This allows tools to discover it, and for the Python install manager to
support py.exe -3.13t. Note that the launcher will interpret py.exe -3
(or a python3 shebang) as "the latest 3.x install", which will prefer the
free-threaded binaries over the regular ones, while py.exe -3.13 will not.
If you use the short style of option, you may prefer to not install the
free-threaded binaries at this time.
To specify the install option at the command line, use
Include_freethreaded=1. See Installing without downloading for instructions on
pre-emptively downloading the additional binaries for offline install. The
options to include debug symbols and binaries also apply to the free-threaded
builds.
Free-threaded binaries are also available on nuget.org.
4.12. Python launcher for Windows (deprecated)¶
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.14 ã§éæšå¥š: The launcher and this documentation have been superseded by the Python Install Manager described above. This is preserved temporarily for historical interest.
Added in version 3.3.
Windows ã® Python ã©ã³ãã£ã¯ãç°ãªã Python ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®äœçœ®ã®ç¹å®ãšå®è¡ãå©ãããŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ã§ããã¹ã¯ãªãã (ãŸãã¯ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³) ã§ç¹å®ã® Python ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®èšå®ãäžãããããšãäœçœ®ãç¹å®ãããã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãå®è¡ããŸãã
ç°å¢å€æ° PATH ã«ããæ¹æ³ãšéã£ãŠããã®ã©ã³ãã£ã¯ Python ã®äžçªé©åãªããŒãžã§ã³ããæ£ããéžæããŸãããã®ã©ã³ãã£ã¯ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã€ããªãã®ããããŠãŒã¶ããšã®ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æ¹ãåªå
ãããŸããæ°ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããé ãããèšèªã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãåªå
ããŸãã
ã©ã³ãã£ã®ãªãªãžãã«ã®ä»æ§ã¯ PEP 397 ã«ãããŸãã
4.12.1. æåã«Â¶
4.12.1.1. ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ããèµ·åãã¶
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.6 ã§å€æŽ.
Python 3.3 ãšãã以éã®ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã€ããªã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ã¯ãã©ã³ãã£ãŒã PATH ã«è¿œå ãããŸããã©ã³ãã£ãŒã¯ãå
¥æå¯èœãªãããã Python ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã«äºææ§ããããããå®éã«ã©ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã® Python ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããã®ãã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãããŸãããã©ã³ãã£ãŒã䜿ãããã確èªããã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ã³ãã³ããã³ãã³ãããã³ããã§å®è¡ããŠãã ãã:
py
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããææ°ããŒãžã§ã³ã® Python ãèµ·åããã¯ãã§ãã éåžžã©ããã«çµäºããããšãã§ããŸããã远å ã®ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³åŒæ°ãæå®ããŠçŽæ¥ Python ã«æž¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
è€æ°ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã® Python (ããšãã° 3.7 ãš 3.14) ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããå Žåã¯ãPython 3.14 ãèµ·åããããšã«ãªããŸããPython 3.7 ãèµ·åããããªããæ¬¡ã®ã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããŠã¿ãŠãã ãã:
py -3.7
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠãã Python 2 ã®ææ°ããŒãžã§ã³ãèµ·åãããå Žåã¯ã次ã®ã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããŠã¿ãŠãã ãã:
py -2
以äžã®ãããªãšã©ãŒãåºãããã§ããã°ãã©ã³ãã£ã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããŸãã:
'py' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
ãã®ã³ãã³ã:
py --list
ããã¯ãçŸåšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠãã Python ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã衚瀺ããŸãã
The -x.y argument is the short form of the -V:Company/Tag argument,
which allows selecting a specific Python runtime, including those that may have
come from somewhere other than python.org. Any runtime registered by following
PEP 514 will be discoverable. The --list command lists all available
runtimes using the -V: format.
When using the -V: argument, specifying the Company will limit selection to
runtimes from that provider, while specifying only the Tag will select from all
providers. Note that omitting the slash implies a tag:
# Select any '3.*' tagged runtime
py -V:3
# Select any 'PythonCore' released runtime
py -V:PythonCore/
# Select PythonCore's latest Python 3 runtime
py -V:PythonCore/3
The short form of the argument (-3) only ever selects from core Python
releases, and not other distributions. However, the longer form (-V:3) will
select from any.
The Company is matched on the full string, case-insensitive. The Tag is matched
on either the full string, or a prefix, provided the next character is a dot or a
hyphen. This allows -V:3.1 to match 3.1-32, but not 3.10. Tags are
sorted using numerical ordering (3.10 is newer than 3.1), but are
compared using text (-V:3.01 does not match 3.1).
4.12.1.2. ä»®æ³ç°å¢ (Virtual environments)¶
Added in version 3.5.
(æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªã® venv ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå€éšããŒã« virtualenv ã§äœã£ã) ä»®æ³ç°å¢ãã¢ã¯ãã£ããªç¶æ
ã§ Python ã®æç€ºçãªããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ããã«ã©ã³ãã£ãèµ·åãããšãã©ã³ãã£ã¯ã°ããŒãã«ãªã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã§ã¯ãªããã®ä»®æ³ç°å¢ã®ãã®ãå®è¡ããŸããã°ããŒãã«ãªã»ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ãå®è¡ããã«ã¯ãä»®æ³ç°å¢ã®åäœã忢ãããããŸãã¯æç€ºçã«ã°ããŒãã«ãª Python ããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ããŠãã ããã
4.12.1.3. ã¹ã¯ãªããããèµ·åãã¶
ãã¹ãçšã® Python ã¹ã¯ãªãããäœæããŸããããhello.py ãšããååã§ä»¥äžã®å
容ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœæããŠãã ãã
#! python
import sys
sys.stdout.write("hello from Python %s\n" % (sys.version,))
hello.py ãååšãããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã§ãäžèšã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããŠãã ãã:
py hello.py
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããææ°ã® Python 2.x ã®ããŒãžã§ã³çªå·ã衚瀺ãããã¯ãã§ããã§ã¯ã1è¡ç®ã以äžã®ããã«å€æŽããŠã¿ãŠãã ãã:
#! python3
ã³ãã³ããåå®è¡ãããšãä»åºŠã¯ææ°ã® Python 3.x ã®æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããã¯ãã§ãããããŸã§ã®ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã®äŸãšåæ§ã«ããã现ããããŒãžã§ã³ä¿®é£Ÿåãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸããPython 3.7 ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããå Žåãæåã®è¡ã #! python3.7 ã«å€æŽãããšã3.7 ã®ããŒãžã§ã³æ
å ±ã衚瀺ãããã¯ãã§ãã
ã³ãã³ãããã®åŒã³åºããšã¯ç°ãªããåŸãã«äœãã€ããªã "python" ã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠãã Python2.x ã®ææ°ããŒãžã§ã³ãå©çšããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããããã¯åŸæ¹äºææ§ãšã python ãäžè¬çã« Python 2 ãæãUnix ãšã®äºææ§ã®ããã§ãã
4.12.1.4. ãã¡ã€ã«ã®é¢é£ä»ãããèµ·åãã¶
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æã«ãã©ã³ãã£ã¯ Python ãã¡ã€ã« (ããªãã¡ .py, .pyw, .pyc ãã¡ã€ã«) ã«é¢é£ä»ããããã¯ãã§ãããã®ããããããã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã Windows ã®ãšã¯ã¹ãããŒã©ãŒã§ããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ããéã¯ã©ã³ãã£ã䜿ãããäžã§è¿°ã¹ãã®ãšåãæ©èœã䜿ã£ãŠã¹ã¯ãªããã䜿ãããã¹ãããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
ãã®ããšã«ããéèŠãªå©ç¹ã¯ãåäžã®ã©ã³ãã£ãå é è¡ã®å 容ã«ãã£ãŠè€æ°ã® Python ããŒãžã§ã³ãåæã«ãµããŒãã§ããããšã§ãã
4.12.2. Shebang lines¶
ã¹ã¯ãªãããã¡ã€ã«ã®å
é ã®è¡ã #! ã§å§ãŸã£ãŠããå Žåã¯ããã®è¡ã¯ã·ã§ãã³ (shebang) è¡ãšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸãã
Linux ãä»ã® Unix ç³» OS ã¯ããããè¡ãããšããšãµããŒãããŠããããããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãããã©ã®ããã«å®è¡ããããã瀺ãããã«åºã䜿ãããŸãã
Windows ã® Python ã©ã³ãã£ã¯ãWindows äžã® Python ã¹ã¯ãªãããåãæ©èœã䜿çšã§ããããã«ããäžã®äŸã§ã¯ãããã®æ©èœã®äœ¿çšæ³ã瀺ããŠããŸãã
Python ã¹ã¯ãªããã®ã·ã§ãã³è¡ã Unix-Windows éã§ç§»æ€å¯èœã«ããããããã®ã©ã³ãã£ã¯ãã©ã®ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã䜿ãããããæå®ããããã®å€§éã® 'ä»®æ³' ã³ãã³ãããµããŒãããŠããŸãããµããŒããããä»®æ³ã³ãã³ãã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãã®ããããŸã:
/usr/bin/env/usr/bin/python/usr/local/bin/pythonpython
å ·äœçã«ãããã¹ã¯ãªããã®1è¡ç®ã
#! /usr/bin/python
ã§å§ãŸã£ãŠããããããã©ã«ãã® Python ãŸãã¯ã¢ã¯ãã£ããªä»®æ³ç°å¢ã®äœçœ®ãç¹å®ããã䜿çšãããŸããå€ãã® Unix äžã§åäœãã Python ã¹ã¯ãªããã«ã¯ãã§ã«ãã®è¡ãååšããåŸåããããŸãã®ã§ãã©ã³ãã£ã«ãããããã®ã¹ã¯ãªãããä¿®æ£ãªãã§äœ¿ãããšãã§ããã¯ãã§ããããªããæ°ããã¹ã¯ãªããã Windows äžã§æžããŠããŠãUnix äžã§ãæçšã§ãã£ãŠã»ãããšæããªããã·ã§ãã³è¡ã®ãã¡ /usr ã§å§ãŸããã®ã䜿çšãã¹ãã§ãã
äžèšã®ã©ã®ä»®æ³ã³ãã³ãã§ãã(ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ã ãããã¡ãžã£ãŒã»ãã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³ã®äž¡æ¹ã§) æç€ºçã«ããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ã§ããŸãã
ããã«ã "-32" ããã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³ã®åŸãã«è¿œå ã㊠32-bit çãèŠæ±ã§ããŸãã
äŸãã°ã /usr/bin/python3.7-32 㯠32-bit ã® Python 3.7 ã䜿ãããèŠæ±ããŸããä»®æ³ç°å¢ãã¢ã¯ãã£ãã«ãªã£ãŠããå Žåã¯ãããŒãžã§ã³ã¯ç¡èŠããããã®ç°å¢ã䜿çšãããŸãã
Added in version 3.7: python ã©ã³ãã£ã® 3.7 ããã¯ãæ«å°Ÿã« "-64" ãä»ã㊠64-bit çãèŠæ±ã§ããŸãã
ããã«ããã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³ç¡ãã®ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ãšã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã ã (äŸãã°ã /usr/bin/python3-64) ã§æå®ã§ããŸãã
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.11 ã§å€æŽ: The "-64" suffix is deprecated, and now implies "any architecture that is
not provably i386/32-bit". To request a specific environment, use the new
-V:TAG argument with the complete tag.
ããŒãžã§ã³ 3.13 ã§å€æŽ: Virtual commands referencing python now prefer an active virtual
environment rather than searching PATH. This handles cases where
the shebang specifies /usr/bin/env python3 but python3.exe is
not present in the active environment.
The /usr/bin/env form of shebang line has one further special property.
Before looking for installed Python interpreters, this form will search the
executable PATH for a Python executable matching the name provided
as the first argument. This corresponds to the behaviour of the Unix env
program, which performs a PATH search.
If an executable matching the first argument after the env command cannot
be found, but the argument starts with python, it will be handled as
described for the other virtual commands.
The environment variable PYLAUNCHER_NO_SEARCH_PATH may be set
(to any value) to skip this search of PATH.
Shebang lines that do not match any of these patterns are looked up in the
[commands] section of the launcher's .INI file.
This may be used to handle certain commands in a way that makes sense for your
system. The name of the command must be a single argument (no spaces in the
shebang executable), and the value substituted is the full path to the
executable (additional arguments specified in the .INI will be quoted as part
of the filename).
[commands]
/bin/xpython=C:\Program Files\XPython\python.exe
Any commands not found in the .INI file are treated as Windows executable paths that are absolute or relative to the directory containing the script file. This is a convenience for Windows-only scripts, such as those generated by an installer, since the behavior is not compatible with Unix-style shells. These paths may be quoted, and may include multiple arguments, after which the path to the script and any additional arguments will be appended.
4.12.3. ã·ã§ãã³è¡ã®åŒæ°Â¶
ã·ã§ãã³è¡ã§ã¯ Python ã€ã³ã¿ããªã¿ã«æž¡ããã远å ã®åŒæ°ãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸããããšãã°ãã·ã§ãã³è¡ã«ä»¥äžã®ããã«æžãããŠãããšããŸããã:
#! /usr/bin/python -v
ãã®å ŽåãPython 㯠-v ãªãã·ã§ã³ä»ãã§èµ·åããã§ããã
4.12.4. ã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºÂ¶
4.12.4.1. INI ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ããã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºÂ¶
ã©ã³ãã£ã¯2ã€ã® .ini ãã¡ã€ã«ãæ¢ãã«è¡ããŸããå
·äœçã«ã¯ãçŸåšã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¿ãã£ã¬ã¯ã㪠(%LOCALAPPDATA% ãŸã㯠$env:LocalAppData) ã® py.ini ãšãã©ã³ãã£ãšåããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ãã py.ini ã§ãã'ã³ã³ãœãŒã«' çã®ã©ã³ã㣠(ã€ãŸã py.exe) ãš 'Windows' çã®ã©ã³ã㣠(ã€ãŸã pyw.exe) ã¯åäžã® .ini ãã¡ã€ã«ã䜿çšããŸãã
"application data" ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã§æå®ãããèšå®ã¯ãå®è¡ãã¡ã€ã«ã®é£ã«ãããã®ããåªå ãããŸãããã®ãããã©ã³ãã£ã®é£ã«ãã .ini ãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®æžã蟌ã¿ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãã§ããªããŠãŒã¶ã¯ãã°ããŒãã«ãª .ini ãã¡ã€ã«å ã®ã³ãã³ããäžæžã (override) ã§ããŸãã
4.12.4.2. ããã©ã«ãã®PythonããŒãžã§ã³ã®ã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºÂ¶
ã©ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã® Python ãã³ãã³ãã§äœ¿çšããããå®ãããããããŒãžã§ã³ä¿®é£Ÿåãã³ãã³ãã«å«ããããããšããããŸãã ããŒãžã§ã³ä¿®é£Ÿåã¯ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³çªå·ã§å§ãŸãããªãã·ã§ã³ã®ããªãªã ('.') ãšãã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³æå®åãããã«ç¶ããŸãã ããã«ã "-32" ã "-64" ã远èšã㊠32-bit ããã㯠64-bit ã®ã©ã¡ãã®å®è£ ãèŠæ±ãããããæç€ºã§ããŸãã
ããšãã°ã#!python ãšããã·ã§ãã³è¡ã¯ããŒãžã§ã³ä¿®é£Ÿåãå«ã¿ãŸãããã#!python3 ã¯ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ããããŒãžã§ã³ä¿®é£Ÿåãå«ã¿ãŸãã
If no version qualifiers are found in a command, the environment
variable PY_PYTHON can be set to specify the default version
qualifier. If it is not set, the default is "3". The variable can
specify any value that may be passed on the command line, such as "3",
"3.7", "3.7-32" or "3.7-64". (Note that the "-64" option is only
available with the launcher included with Python 3.7 or newer.)
ãã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³ä¿®é£ŸåãèŠã€ãããªãå Žåãç°å¢å€æ° PY_PYTHON{major} (ããã§ {major} ã¯ãäžèšã§æ±ºå®ãããçŸåšã®ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ä¿®é£Ÿå) ãèšå®ããŠå®å
šãªããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸãããããã£ããªãã·ã§ã³ãèŠã€ãããªããã°ãã©ã³ãã£ã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æžã¿ã® Python ããŒãžã§ã³ãåæããŠãèŠã€ãã£ããã®ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³åããã€ããŒãªãªãŒã¹ã®ãã¡ææ°ã®ãã®ã䜿çšããŸããä¿èšŒãããŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããéåžžã¯ãã®ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ç³»ã§æãåŸã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãªããŸãã
64-bit Windows ã§ãåäžã® (major.minor) Python ããŒãžã§ã³ã® 32-bit ãš 64-bit ã®äž¡æ¹ã®å®è£ ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããå Žåã64-bit ããŒãžã§ã³ã®ã»ããåžžã«åªå ãããŸããããã¯ã©ã³ãã£ã 32-bit ãš 64-bit ã®ã©ã¡ãã§ãèšããããšã§ã32-bit ã®ã©ã³ãã£ã¯ãæå®ãããããŒãžã§ã³ã䜿çšå¯èœã§ããã°ã64-bit ã® Python ãåªå ããŠå®è¡ããŸããããã¯ãã©ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã PC ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠãããã®ã¿ã§ã©ã³ãã£ã®æåãäºèŠã§ããããããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããé çªã«é¢ä¿ãªããªã (ã€ãŸãæåŸã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã Python ãšã©ã³ãã£ã 32-bit ã 64-bit ããç¥ããªããšããã) ããã«ããããã§ããäžã«èšãããšããããªãã·ã§ã³ã® "-32", "-64" ãµãã£ãã¯ã¹ã§ãã®æåã倿Žã§ããŸãã
äŸ:
é¢é£ãããªãã·ã§ã³ãèšå®ãããŠããªãå Žåã
pythonããã³python2ã³ãã³ãã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããææ°ã® Python 2.x ããŒãžã§ã³ã䜿çšããpython3ã³ãã³ãã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããææ°ã® Python 3.x ã䜿çšããŸããpython3.7ã³ãã³ãã¯ãããŒãžã§ã³ãå®å šã«æå®ãããŠãããããå šããªãã·ã§ã³ãåç §ããŸãããPY_PYTHON=3ã®å Žåãpythonããã³python3ã³ãã³ãã¯ãšãã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããææ°ã® Python 3 ã䜿çšããŸããPY_PYTHON=3.7-32ã®å Žåãpythonã³ãã³ã㯠32-bit çã® 3.7 ã䜿çšããŸãããpython3ã³ãã³ãã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããææ°ã® Python ã䜿çšããŸã (ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ãããŠãããããPY_PYTHON ã¯å šãèæ ®ãããŸããã)PY_PYTHON=3ã§PY_PYTHON3=3.7ã®å Žåãpythonããã³python3ã¯ã©ã¡ãã 3.7 ã䜿çšããŸã
ç°å¢å€æ°ã«å ããåãèšå®ãã©ã³ãã£ã䜿ã INI ãã¡ã€ã«ã§æ§æããããšãã§ããŸããINI ãã¡ã€ã«ã®è©²åœããã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯ [defaults] ãšåŒã°ããããŒåã¯ç°å¢å€æ°ã®ããŒåãã PY_ ãšããæ¥é èŸãåã£ããã®ãšåãã§ã (INI ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ããŒåã¯å€§æåå°æåãåºå¥ããªãããšã«ã泚æãã ãã)ãç°å¢å€æ°ã®å
容㯠INI ãã¡ã€ã«ã§ã®æå®ãäžæžãããŸãã
äŸãã°:
PY_PYTHON=3.7ãšèšå®ããããšã¯ãINI ãã¡ã€ã«ã«äžèšãå«ãŸããããšãšç䟡ã§ã:
[defaults]
python=3.7
PY_PYTHON=3ãšPY_PYTHON3=3.7ãèšå®ããããšã¯ãINI ãã¡ã€ã«ã«äžèšãå«ãŸããããšãšç䟡ã§ã:
[defaults]
python=3
python3=3.7
4.12.5. 蚺æÂ¶
If an environment variable PYLAUNCHER_DEBUG is set (to any value), the
launcher will print diagnostic information to stderr (i.e. to the console).
While this information manages to be simultaneously verbose and terse, it
should allow you to see what versions of Python were located, why a
particular version was chosen and the exact command-line used to execute the
target Python. It is primarily intended for testing and debugging.
4.12.6. Dry run¶
If an environment variable PYLAUNCHER_DRYRUN is set (to any value),
the launcher will output the command it would have run, but will not actually
launch Python. This may be useful for tools that want to use the launcher to
detect and then launch Python directly. Note that the command written to
standard output is always encoded using UTF-8, and may not render correctly in
the console.
4.12.7. Install on demand¶
If an environment variable PYLAUNCHER_ALLOW_INSTALL is set (to any
value), and the requested Python version is not installed but is available on
the Microsoft Store, the launcher will attempt to install it. This may require
user interaction to complete, and you may need to run the command again.
An additional PYLAUNCHER_ALWAYS_INSTALL variable causes the launcher
to always try to install Python, even if it is detected. This is mainly intended
for testing (and should be used with PYLAUNCHER_DRYRUN).
4.12.8. Return codes¶
The following exit codes may be returned by the Python launcher. Unfortunately, there is no way to distinguish these from the exit code of Python itself.
The names of codes are as used in the sources, and are only for reference. There is no way to access or resolve them apart from reading this page. Entries are listed in alphabetical order of names.
åå |
å€ |
説æ |
|---|---|---|
RC_BAD_VENV_CFG |
107 |
A |
RC_CREATE_PROCESS |
101 |
Failed to launch Python. |
RC_INSTALLING |
111 |
An install was started, but the command will need to be re-run after it completes. |
RC_INTERNAL_ERROR |
109 |
Unexpected error. Please report a bug. |
RC_NO_COMMANDLINE |
108 |
Unable to obtain command line from the operating system. |
RC_NO_PYTHON |
103 |
Unable to locate the requested version. |
RC_NO_VENV_CFG |
106 |
A |