mother

參見：Mother 和 moth-er

英語

發音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmʌð.ə/

  • 音頻 (標準英音)：

    (檔案)

• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmʌðɚ/

  • 音頻 (美國)：

    (檔案)

• (澳大利亞，新西蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmɐð.ə/, /ˈmað.ə/

  • 音頻 (澳大利亞)：

    (檔案)

• (北英格蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmʊð.ə/
• (愛爾蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmʊð.əɹ/
• (蘇格蘭，北愛爾蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmʌð.əɹ/
• 斷字：moth‧er
• 韻部：-ʌðə(ɹ)

詞源1

詞源樹

原始印歐語 *méh₂tēr

原始日耳曼語 *mōdēr

原始西日耳曼語 *mōder

古英語 mōdor

中古英語 moder

英語 mother

繼承自中古英語 moder，繼承自古英語 mōdor，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *mōder，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *mōdēr，繼承自原始印歐語 *méh₂tēr。Madeira、mata、mater、matrix和matter 的同源對似詞。

有人提出「沉澱物」的意思源自中古荷蘭語 modder (“污垢”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *muþraz (“沉澱物”)，但 modder 的這種意思並不為人所知。另一方面，表示「母親」的詞彙在幾種羅曼語和日耳曼語中發展出了「沉澱物」的次要含義；對照荷蘭語 moer、法語 mère de vinaigre、德語 Essigmutter、意大利語 madre、中世紀拉丁語 māter 和西班牙語 madre。

其他形式

• mither (蘇格蘭和北英格蘭)

名詞

mother (複數 mothers)

2. 女性雙親，尤指人類的；養育孩子（親生、收養、寄養等）的女性

   下位詞：matron

   I am visiting my mother any moment.

   我隨時都會去拜訪我的母親。

   The lioness was a mother of four cubs.

   那隻母獅是四隻幼崽的母親。

   My sister-in-law has just become a mother for the first time.

   我嫂嫂剛初為人母。

   He had something of his mother in him.

   他身上有點他母親的影子。

   • 1988，Robert Ferro，Second Son：

     He had something of his mother in him, but this was because he realized that in the end only her love was unconditional, and in gratitude he had emulated her.

     他身上有點他母親的影子，但這是因為他意識到，歸根結底只有她的愛是無條件的，出於感激，他一直在效仿她。

   • 2005，Trudelle Thomas，Spirituality in the Mother Zone: Staying Centered, Finding God，Paulist Press，→ISBN，41頁：

     The "Ritual to Celebrate Birthing" begins with a leader welcoming all participants : "Welcome to this celebration for N. She is approaching the time when she will become a mother for the first time (or become a mother again).

     「慶祝分娩儀式」由一位領袖歡迎所有參與者開始：「歡迎參加為某某舉辦的慶祝活動。她即將初為人母（或再次成為母親）。」

   • 2024年 5月1日，Katia Hetter，「Why is a mother’s mental health so important? A doctor explains」，收錄於CNN‎^[1]：

     In many countries, up to 1 in 5 new mothers experience a mood or anxiety disorder. Unfortunately, these conditions often go undiagnosed and untreated due to lack of awareness and stigma, and everyone pays the price. […] To find out more, I spoke with CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Wen, a mother of two young kids, is an emergency physician and adjunct associate professor at the George Washington University.

     在許多國家，多達五分之一的新手媽媽會經歷情緒或焦慮障礙。不幸的是，由於缺乏認識和污名化，這些情況通常無法得到診斷和治療，而每個人都為此付出代價。 […] 為了了解更多，我採訪了 CNN 健康專家 Leana Wen 醫生。Wen 是兩個年幼孩子的母親，也是急診科醫生和喬治華盛頓大學的客座副教授。

3. 懷孕的女性；準媽媽；孕育嬰兒的女性

   Nutrients and oxygen obtained by the mother are conveyed to the fetus.

   母親獲得的營養和氧氣被輸送到胎兒體內。

   • 1991，Susan Faludi，The Undeclared War Against American Women：

     The antiabortion iconography in the last decade featured the fetus but never the mother.

     過去十年的反墮胎圖像中出現了胎兒，但從未出現過母親。

   • 2006，Multiplicity Yours: Cloning, Stem Cell Research, and Regenerative Medicine，→ISBN：

     To clone a boy, it is necessary to have a man as a DNA donor, a woman as an egg donor, and may be another woman as a surrogate mother.

     為了克隆一個男孩，必須有一個男人作為 DNA 捐贈者，一個女人作為卵子捐贈者，並且可能需要另一個女人作為代孕母親。

   • 2023年 1月16日，Reinhard Renneberg，Biotechnology for Beginners，Academic Press，→ISBN，317頁：

     If the cat to be cloned is female, the nucleus donor cat could also be used as the surrogate mother instead of another cat.

     如果要克隆的貓是雌性，細胞核捐贈貓也可以用作代孕母親，而不是另一隻貓。

4. 捐贈受精卵或捐贈體細胞從而產生克隆體的女性

   近義詞：biological mother

5. (比喻義) 女性祖先

   同類詞：matriarch

   • Template:RQ:Tyndale Pentateuch
6. (比喻義) 根源或起源

   近義詞：matrix

   The Mediterranean was mother to many cultures and languages.

   地中海是許多文化和語言的搖籃。

   • c. 1606 (date written)，William Shakespeare，「The Tragedie of Macbeth」，收錄於Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […]（First Folio），London： […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount，1623 出版，→OCLC，「[Act IV, scene iii]」，147頁，第1列：

     Alas poore Countrey, / Almoſt affraid to know it ſelfe. It cannot / Be call’d our Mother, but our Graue;

     唉，可憐的國家， / 幾乎不敢認識自己了。她不能 / 被稱為我們的母親，而是我們的墳墓；

   • 1844，Thomas Arnold，Fragment on the Church，第1卷，17頁：

     But one in the place of God and not God, is as it were a falsehood; it is the mother falsehood from which all idolatry is derived.

     但一個處在上帝的位置上卻不是上帝的事物，就彷彿是一個謊言；它是所有偶像崇拜衍生的萬惡之源（母親謊言）。

   • 2013年 10月31日，Rowena Mason，引用 David Steel，「Lord Steel criticises culture of spin and tweeting in modern politics」，收錄於The Guardian‎^[2]，→ISSN：

     How on earth are we supposed to hold our heads high as the ‘mother of parliaments’ when we allow to continue the practice of almost openly buying a seat in parliament?

     當我們允許幾乎公開買賣議會席位的做法繼續存在時，我們到底怎麼能抬起頭來，自稱是「議會之母」呢？

7. 同類中最大或最重要的事物 (參見 mother of all)

   近義詞：Big One

   • 1991年1月17日，Saddam Hussein，巴格達國家廣播電台廣播

     The great duel, the mother of all battles has begun.

     偉大的決鬥，諸戰之母已經開始。

8. (過時，後接姓氏) 岳母；婆婆 （對配偶母親的尊稱）

   Mother Smith, meet my cousin, Doug Jones.

   岳母史密斯，見見我的表弟道格·瓊斯。

9. (過時) 對妻子的稱呼。
   • 1887年 4月2日，E. V. Wilson，「Uncle Dave」，收錄於The Current，第7卷，172號，432頁：

     A few minutes later we were all seated comfortably, Uncle Dave and mother, as he called his wife, myself and my husband, in the split-bottomed wooden chairs, on the vine-covered porch. / “Is Bethel a Methodist Church?” I asked. / Uncle Dave looked quizzically at his wife. “Do you hear that, mother?” he said.

     幾分鐘後我們都舒舒服服地坐下了，戴夫叔叔和老伴（他是這麼稱呼妻子的），我和我丈夫，坐在藤蔓覆蓋的門廊上那幾把劈開底部的木椅上。 / 「伯特利是衛理公會教堂嗎？」我問。 / 戴夫叔叔打趣地看著妻子。「你聽到了嗎，老伴？」他說。

   • 1922，Stephen Leacock，Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town‎^[3]，152頁：

     On some days as he got near the house he would call out to his wife: / “Almighty Moses, Martha! who left the sprinkler on the grass?” / On other days he would call to her from quite a little distance off: “Hullo, mother! Got any supper for a hungry man?”

     有些日子，當他靠近房子時，他會對妻子喊： / 「全能的摩西啊，瑪莎！誰把灑水器留在草地上了？」 / 其他日子，他會在很遠的地方對她喊：「哈囉，老媽子！有給餓肚子的人準備晚餐嗎？」

   • 1944，Walter Hackett，For the Duration: A Play for Junior and Senior High Schools，第8頁：

     (:Template:Small caps enters. He crosses to :Template:Small caps。) / :Template:Small caps Hello, mother. […] How are you? / :Template:Small caps Nothing wrong, dear, I hope.

     （希爾先生上場。他走向妻子。） / 希爾先生：哈囉，孩子他媽。 […] 你好嗎？ / 希爾太太：親愛的，我希望沒什麼不對勁的。

10. (比喻義) 年長的女性，尤指在特定社區內的

    近義詞：matron, matriarch

11. (比喻義) 履行母親職責的任何人或實體

    上位詞：parent

    下位詞：surrogate mother

    • Judges 5:7, KJV.

      The inhabitants of the villages ceased, they ceased in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel.

      以色列的村莊被廢棄了，被廢棄了，直到我底波拉興起，我作為以色列的母親興起。

    • Galatians 4:26, KJV.

      Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.

      但在上的耶路撒冷是自主的，她是我們眾人的母。

13. 沉澱物，酒渣；在發酵的酒精液體（如葡萄酒或蘋果酒）中產生，並在空氣中的氧氣幫助下將酒精轉化為醋酸的，呈線狀的、黏稠的或薄膜狀的物質（由醋酸菌培養物組成）

    下位詞：mother of vinegar; starter

    pieces of mother ;   adding mother to vinegar

    醋母塊； 將醋母加入醋中

14. (鐵路) 為輔助機車提供電力的機車
15. 星盤的主要部件，其他部件固定於其上
16. 宗教場所的女院長或負責人；女修道院院長等
17. (棄用) 歇斯底里的激情；歇斯底里；子宮
    • Template:RQ:Shakespeare King Lear Q1
    • 1665，Robert Lovel，Pambotanologia sive Enchiridion botanicum，484頁：

      T.V. dicusseth tumors and mollifieth them, helps inflammations, rising of the mother and the epilepsie being burnt.

      […] 治癒發炎、子宮上提和癲癇 […]

    • 1666，Nicholas Culpeper，The English Physitian Enlarged，49頁：

      The Root hereof taken with Zedoary and Angelică, or without them, helps the rising of the Mother.

      […] 有助於治療子宮上提。

    • 1979，Thomas R. Forbes，「The changing face of death in London」，收錄於Charles Webster（編），Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century，1979 出版，128頁：

      St Botolph's parish records ascribed three deaths to 'mother', an old name for the uterus.

      聖博托爾夫教區的記錄將三人的死亡歸因於「mother」，這是子宮的舊稱。

18. 用於製造黑膠唱片，由電鑄母版製作出的圓盤

    上位詞：master copy

19. (推特粉絲圈，原為drag slang) 在特定粉絲群體或社區內受到欽佩、尊重或敬仰的人；參見：serve cunt

近義詞

• (雙親中的女性)： 參見 Thesaurus:mother
• (最重要的事物)： father、grandfather、granddaddy
• (與母親有關的，例如 metropolis)： metro-

反義詞

• (性別方面) father
• (出生次序方面) daughter, son, child, offspring

上位詞

• (雙親中的女性)： parent

同類詞彙

• (雙親中的女性)： father

派生詞彙

• adoptive mother
• allomother
• and his mother
• antimother
• baby mother, babymother
• beemother, bee mother
• be mother
• biomother
• birthmother
• bonus mother
• brother from another mother
• bunny mother
• camp mother
• co-mother
• co-mother-in-law
• corn mother
• cow-mother
• den mother
• do you kiss your mother with that mouth
• drag mother
• earth mother
• eldermother
• eldmother
• everybody and his mother
• everybody and their mother
• everyone and his mother
• everyone and their mother
• face only a mother could love
• face that only a mother could love
• foremother
• foster mother
• founding mother
• fuck your mother
• godmother
• go fuck your mother
• gold star mother
• go tell your mother she wants you
• grandmother
• great-grandmother
• holy mother of based
• housemother
• kangaroo mother care
• like a mother hawk
• manther
• megaspore mother cell
• mermother
• milf
• milk mother
• milk-mother
• mismother
• mother abscess
• mother and baby unit
• mother-bird
• motherboard
• mother bomb
• mother cell
• Mother Christmas
• motherchucker
• mother church
• mother city
• Mother City
• mother country
• mothercraft
• motherdom
• mother dough
• Mother Earth
• motherer
• motherese
• motherfather
• mother figure
• motherfluffer
• motherfouler
• mother-fucker
• mother fucker
• motherfucker
• motherfucking
• motherful
• mother goddess
• mother hen
• mother-hen
• mother heroine
• mother-hive
• mother hive
• motherhood
• motherhouse
• motherhumper
• Mothering Sunday
• mother-in-law
• mother-in-law apartment
• mother-in-law sandwich
• mother-in-law seat
• mother-in-law's tongue
• mother-in-law style
• motherish
• motherism
• motherist
• motherkin
• motherkins
• motherland
• mother language
• motherless
• motherlike
• motherline
• motherling
• mother liquor
• motherload
• mother-lode
• mother lode
• motherlove
• motherlover
• motherloving
• motherly
• mother may I
• motherment
• Mother Monster
• mother naked
• mother-naked
• motherness
• mother of all
• mother of chapel
• mother of coal
• mother of millions
• mother-of-pearl
• mother of pearl
• mother-of-pearl cloud
• mother of Satan
• Mother of Sorrows
• mother of the nation
• mother of thousands
• mother-of-thyme
• mother of vinegar
• mother-out-law
• mother plant
• Mother Russia
• mother sauce
• mother sauces
• Mother's Day
• mother ship
• mother's milk
• mothersome
• mother-spot
• mother superior
• mother-to-be
• mother-tongue
• mother tongue
• mother up
• motherward
• mother wit
• mother-wit
• mother world
• motherwort
• mother wound
• mothery
• my very educated mother just served us nachos
• my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas
• my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins
• my very educated mother just served us noodles
• my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas
• necessity is the mother of innovation
• necessity is the mother of invention
• nonmother
• only a mother could love
• othermother
• overmother
• queen mother
• refrigerator mother
• she's the cat's mother
• single mother
• Sorrowful Mother
• stage mother
• stepmother
• step-mother
• surrogate mother
• sweet Mary mother of God
• sweet mother of God
• sweet mother of Jesus
• sweet mother of Moses
• sweet mother of pearl
• tiger mother
• unmother
• welfare mother
• wolf-mother
• you kiss your mother with that mouth
• your mother
• 出生 mother

相關詞彙

詞源相關

• material
• maternal
• maternity
• matriculate
• matrimony
• matrix
• matter

含有前綴matri-的英語詞

matriarch

matriphagy

派生語彙

• 澳洲克里奧爾語：motha
• → 日語：マザー (mazā)
• → 朝鮮語：마더 (madeo)

詞源2

繼承自中古英語 modren，源自名詞（見上文）。

動詞

mother (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 mothers，現在分詞 mothering，簡單過去時和過去分詞 mothered)

1. (主要用於及物) 生下或生育（作為其女性雙親）孩子 (對照father)
   • 1998，Nina Revoyr，The Necessary Hunger: A Novel，Macmillan，→ISBN，101頁：

     Q's sister, Debbie, had mothered two kids by the time she was twenty, with neither of the fathers in sight.

     Q的姐姐黛比在二十歲時就已經生了兩個孩子，但兩個孩子的父親都不見蹤影。

   • 2010，Lynette Joseph-Bani，The Biblical Journey of Slavery: 源自Egypt to the Americas，AuthorHouse，→ISBN，51頁：

     Zilpah, Leah's maid, mothered two sons for Jacob, Gad and Asher. Leah became pregnant once more and had two more sons, Issachar, and Zebulun, and a daughter, Dinah, thus Leah had seven children for Jacob.

     利亞的使女悉帕為雅各生了兩個兒子，迦得和亞設。利亞再次懷孕，又為雅各生了兩個兒子以薩迦和西布倫，還有一個女兒底拿，因此利亞一共為雅各生了七個孩子。

2. (及物) 像母親對待孩子一樣對待；養育，慈育，溺愛
   • c. 1900，O. Henry，An Adjustment of Nature：

     She had seen fewer years than any of us, but she was of such superb Evehood and simplicity that she mothered us from the beginning.

     她比我們任何人都年輕，但她充滿了極好的母性與純真，從一開始就像母親一樣照顧我們。

3. (及物) 使含有 mother (“醋母”)

   mothered oil, mothered vinegar, mothered wine

   產生發酵基質的油，長出醋母的醋，產生酒渣的酒

4. (不及物，指酒精) 產生醋母（或酒渣等）
   • 1968，Evelyn Berckman，The Heir of Starvelings，172頁：

     Iron rusted, paper cracked, cream soured and vinegar mothered.

     鐵生鏽了，紙裂開了，奶油變酸了，醋也長出了醋母。

   • 2013，Richard Dauenhauer，Benchmarks: New and Selected Poems 1963-2013，94頁：

     Your lamp
     was always polished, wick
     trimmed, waiting; yet the bridegroom
     somehow never came. Summer dust
     settled in the vineyard. Grapes
     were harvested; your parents
     crushed and pressed them, but the wine
     mothered.

     你的燈 / 總是擦得鋥亮，燈芯 / 修剪整齊，等待著；然而新郎 / 卻不知為何從未到來。夏日的塵埃 / 落在葡萄園裡。葡萄 / 已經收穫；你的父母 / 將它們壓碎榨汁，但葡萄酒卻 / 產生了酒渣。

參考資料

• American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company 2003.

詞源3

motherfucker 的截斷形式。

其他形式

• mutha

名詞

mother (複數 mothers)

1. (委婉，略微粗俗，俚語) 混蛋，王八蛋 （指代 motherfucker）
   • 1976，Leroy Green，Ron "Have Mercy" Kersey，「Disco Inferno」，收錄於Disco Inferno，由 The Trammps，track 4：

     (Burn, baby, burn) Disco inferno / (Burn, baby, burn) Burn the mother down

     （燃燒吧，寶貝，燃燒）迪斯可煉獄 / （燃燒吧，寶貝，燃燒）把這混蛋燒成灰燼

   • 1989年 12月19日，Slim Randles，「Entrepreneur Hopes Luminaria Delivery Service Catches On」，收錄於The Albuquerque Journal，Albuquerque, New Mexico，第2頁：

     Stick a votive candle in it and fire that mother up, right?

     在裡面插根祈願蠟燭，然後把那混蛋點燃，對吧？

   • 2011，Beyoncé Knowles，「Run the World (Girls)」，收錄於4‎^[4]：

     Who run this mother

     誰在掌管這個鬼地方

2. (委婉，口語) 驚人的例子 （表現為 "mother of a(n) __"）
   • 1964，Richard L. Newhafer，The last tallyho：

     November, 1943 If ever, Cortney Anders promised himself, I get out of this mother of a thunderstorm there is a thing I will do if it is the last act of my life.

     1943年11月。Cortney Anders 向自己保證，如果我能活著離開這場該死的雷暴，有一件事我一定要做，哪怕這是我生命中最後一件事。

   • 1980，Chester Anderson，Fox & hare: the story of a Friday night，第5頁：

     Some hot night there's gonna be one mother of a riot down here. Just wait." He'd been saying the same thing since 1958, five years of crying wolf.

     某個炎熱的夜晚，這裡肯定會發生一場驚天動地的暴動。等著瞧吧。」自1958年以來，他一直在說同樣的話，整整五年都在喊狼來了。

   • 2004 Nov，Rajnar Vajra，「The Ghost Within」，收錄於Analog Science Fiction & Fact，124卷，11期，第8頁：

     Basically, we wind up with a program. One mother of a complex application.

     基本上，我們最終得到了一個程序。一個極度複雜的應用程式。

   • 2006，Elizabeth Robinson，The true and outstanding adventures of the Hunt sisters：

     Josh, whose fleshy face resembles a rhino's - beady wide-set eyes blinking between a mother of a snout

     喬什那多肉的臉看起來像犀牛——在一個巨大的鼻子之間，兩隻間距很寬的小眼睛眨巴著

近義詞

• MF、mofo、motherfucker、mutha

詞源4

仿造 mouser 派生自 moth。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmɒθə(ɹ)/

名詞

mother (複數 mothers)

1. moth-er的另一種寫法

延伸閱讀

• Douglas Harper （2001–2026），「mother」，收錄於《zh-hant:線上詞源詞典; zh-hans:在线词源词典》（Online Etymology Dictionary）。

異序詞

• thermo-

中古英語

名詞

mother

1. (晚期中古英語) moder的另一種寫法

低地蘇格蘭語

名詞

mother

1. mither的另一種寫法

參考資料

• “mother, n.1.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 23 May 2024, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.