Software Development
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Client-Server Communication: HTTP, REST, WebSockets, GraphQL, and gRPC
Modern software applications depend on communication between clients and servers. Every time a browser loads a webpage, a mobile application…
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The Actor Model’s Long Lineage: From Hewitt’s 1973 Paper to Kotlin Coroutines
Every “actor” you’ve used, Erlang’s, Akka’s, Kotlin’s, descends from a single 1973 formalism. What survived the trip from language primitive…
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Go’s Implicit Interface Satisfaction: Structural Typing Without a Keyword
A type satisfies a Go interface just by having the right methods. No declaration, no keyword, no explicit contract. That’s…
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Rust’s Borrow Checker as Applied Type Theory
Ownership and borrowing are usually pitched as “smart pointers with extra steps.” They’re actually a decades-old branch of mathematics, put…
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Understanding OAuth 2.0 for Backend Developers
Modern applications rarely operate in isolation. Whether we are building a web app, mobile backend, or microservices architecture, our system…
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Reified vs. Erased Generics: A Four-Language Comparison
Ask four different languages “what was T, once my code actually runs?” and you get four genuinely different answers. Each…
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Selenium WebDriver: submit() vs click()
Selenium WebDriver provides several ways to interact with elements on a web page. Two commonly used methods are click() and…
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Sizing Thread Pools with Century-Old Telecom Math: Erlang’s Loss and Delay Formulas
When software engineers sit down to configure a database connection pool, an API gateway worker pool, or an asynchronous task…
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Merkle Trees and Anti-Entropy Repair: Healing Replicas Without Shipping Megabytes
Imagine managing a massive distributed storage cluster where terabytes of data are continuously copied across servers scattered around the globe.…
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