In programming, sometimes an exception may cause an error which ends the current method. However, that method might have opened a file or a network that needs to be closed. So, to overcome such types of problem, C# provides a special keyword named as finally keyword. It is a reserved keyword in C#.
The finally block will execute when the try/catch block leaves the execution, no matter what condition cause it. It always executes whether the try block terminates normally or terminates due to an exception. The main purpose of finally block is to release the system resources. The finally block follows try/catch block.
Syntax:
try {
// code...
}
// this is optional
catch {
// code..
}
finally
{
// code..
}
Important Points:
- In C#, multiple finally blocks in the same program are not allowed.
- The finally block does not contain any return, continue, break statements because it does not allow controls to leave the finally block.
- You can also use finally block only with a try block means without a catch block but in this situation, no exceptions are handled.
- The finally block will be executed after the try and catch blocks, but before control transfers back to its origin.
Example 1:
// C# program to demonstrate finally using System; class Geek { // A method that throws an // exception and has finally. // This method will be called // inside try-catch. static void A() { try { Console.WriteLine("Inside A"); throw new Exception("Throwing Exception"); } finally { Console.WriteLine("A's finally"); } } // This method also calls // finally. This method // will be called outside // try-catch. static void B() { try { Console.WriteLine("Inside B"); return; } finally { Console.WriteLine("B's finally"); } } // Main Method public static void Main(String[] args) { try { A(); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("Exception Caught"); } B(); } } |
Output:
Inside A A's finally Exception Caught Inside B B's finally
Example 2: Using finally block with Handled Exception
// C# program to illustrate the finally // block with handled exception using System; public class GFG { // Main Method static public void Main() { // variables int number = 4; int divisor = 0; // try block // This block raise exception try { int output = number / divisor; } // catch block // This block handle exception catch (DivideByZeroException) { Console.WriteLine("Not possible to divide by zero!"); } // finally block // This block release the // resources of the system // and this block always executes finally { Console.WriteLine("Finally Block!"); } } } |
Output:
Not possible to divide by zero! Finally Block!
Explanation: In the above example, an exception(DivideByZeroException) is generated within the try block that is caught by the catch block associated with the try block. Now after try-catch blocks leave their execution finally block executes and release the resources of the system that are used by the try-catch block.
Example 3:Using finally block with Unhandled Exception
// C# program illustrate the finally // block with unhandled exception using System; public class GFG { // Main method static public void Main () { // variables int number = 4; int divisor = 0; int output; // In this block exception raise // Here this exception in unhandled // due to the absence of catch block try { output = number/divisor; } // finally block, this block always // executes finally { Console.WriteLine("Finally Block!"); } } } |
Output:
Finally Block!
Runtime Errors:
Unhandled Exception:
System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
at GFG.Main () in :0
[ERROR] FATAL UNHANDLED EXCEPTION: System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
at GFG.Main () in :0
Explanation: In this example, an exception(DivideByZeroException) is generated within the try block but does not handle because catch block associated to the try block is not present. In this situation when the try block leaves its execution, then finally block executes and release the resources of the system. It means finally block does not care whether the exception is handled or not.
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