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Program to Print Matrix in Z form

Difficulty Level : Basic
Last Updated : 21 Dec, 2020

Given a square matrix of order n*n, we need to print elements of the matrix in Z form

Examples:
Input : mat[][] =  {1, 2, 3,
                    4, 5, 6,
                    7, 8, 9}
Output : 1 2 3 5 7 8 9

Input : mat[][] = {5, 19, 8, 7,
                   4, 1, 14, 8,
                   2, 20, 1, 9,
                   1, 2, 55, 4}
Output: 5 19 8 7 14 20 1 2 55 4

Complexity O(n)

We need to traverse first row of matrix then second diagonal and then last row.

CPP

// CPP program to print a square matrix in Z form
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAX = 100;
 
// Function to print a square matrix in Z form
void printZform(int mat[][MAX], int n)
{
    // print first row
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        cout << mat[0][i] << " ";
 
    // Print diagonal
    int i = 1, j = n - 2;
    while (i < n && j >= 0) // print diagonal
    {
        cout << mat[i][j] << " ";
        i++;
        j--;
    }
 
    // Print last row
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        cout << mat[n - 1][i] << " ";
}
 
// Driver function
int main()
{
    int mat[][MAX] = { { 4, 5, 6, 8 },
                       { 1, 2, 3, 1 },
                       { 7, 8, 9, 4 },
                       { 1, 8, 7, 5 } };
    printZform(mat, 4);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to print a
// square matrix in Z form
 
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG {
    public static void diag(int arr[][], int n)
    {
        int i = 0, j, k;
 
        // print first row
        for (j = 0; j < n - 1; j++) {
            System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
        }
 
        // Print diagonal
        k = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                if (j == n - k) {
                    System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
                    break;
                }
            }
            k++;
        }
        // Print last row
        i = n - 1;
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
            System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
 
        System.out.print("\n");
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a[][] = { { 4, 5, 6, 8 },
                      { 1, 2, 3, 1 },
                      { 7, 8, 9, 4 },
                      { 1, 8, 7, 5 } };
 
        diag(a, 4);
    }
}
 
// Code contributed by Mohit Gupta_OMG <(0_o)>

Python3

# Python program to print a 
# square matrix in Z form
 
arr = [[4, 5, 6, 8], 
        [1, 2, 3, 1], 
        [7, 8, 9, 4], 
        [1, 8, 7, 5]]
 
n = len(arr[0])
                  
i = 0
for j in range(0, n-1):
    print(arr[i][j], end = ' ') 
         
k = 1
for i in range(0, n):
    for j in range(n, 0, -1):
        if(j == n-k):
            print(arr[i][j], end = ' ') 
            break; 
    k+= 1
 
# Print last row
i = n-1; 
for j in range(0, n):
    print(arr[i][j], end = ' ')
 
# Code contributed by Mohit Gupta_OMG <(0_o)>

C#

// C# program to print a square 
// matrix in Z form
using System;
 
class GFG {
     
    public static void printZform(int[, ] mat, int n)
    {
 
        int i, j;
         
        // print first row
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            Console.Write(mat[0, i] + " ");
        }
 
        // Print diagonal
        i = 1;
        j = n - 2;
     
        while (i < n && j >= 0) // print diagonal
        {
            Console.Write(mat[i,j] + " ");
            i++;
            j--;
        }
     
        // Print last row
        for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
            Console.Write(mat[n - 1,i] + " ");
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int[, ] mat = { { 4, 5, 6, 8 },
                    { 1, 2, 3, 1 },
                    { 7, 8, 9, 4 },
                    { 1, 8, 7, 5 } };
 
        printZform(mat, 4);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by vt_m.

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to print a 
// square matrix in Z form
 
$MAX = 100;
 
// Function to print a 
// square matrix in Z form
function printZform( $mat, $n)
{
     
    // print first row
    for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)
        echo $mat[0][$i] , " ";
 
    // Print diagonal
    $i = 1;$j = $n - 2;
     
    // print diagonal
    while ($i < $n and $j >= 0) 
    {
        echo $mat[$i][$j] , " ";
        $i++;
        $j--;
    }
 
    // Print last row
    for ( $i = 1; $i < $n; $i++)
        echo $mat[$n - 1][$i] , " ";
}
     
    // Driver Code
    $mat = array(array(4, 5, 6, 8),
                 array(1, 2, 3, 1),
                 array(7, 8, 9, 4),
                 array(1, 8, 7, 5));
    printZform($mat, 4);
     
// This code is contributed by anuj_67.
?>

Output:

4 5 6 8 3 8 1 8 7 5

Alternate Simpler Implementation:
Thanks to Aathishithan for suggesting this.

Java

// Java program to print a 
// square matrix in Z form 
  
import java.lang.*; 
import java.io.*; 
  
class GFG { 
    public static void diag(int arr[][], int n) 
    { 
        int i = 0, j, k; 
        for(i = 0;i < n;i++){
           for(j = 0;j < n;j++){
              if(i == 0){
                System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");
              } else if(i == j){
                   System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");
              } else if(i == n-1){
                   System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");
              }
           }
        }
          
    } 
  
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int a[][] = { { 4, 5, 6, 8 }, 
                    { 1, 2, 3, 1 }, 
                    { 7, 8, 9, 4 }, 
                    { 1, 8, 7, 5 } }; 
  
        diag(a, 4); 
    } 
} 

Python3

# Python3 program to pra
# square matrix in Z form
def diag(arr, n):
 
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            if(i == 0):
                print(arr[i][j], end = " ")
            elif(i == j):
                print(arr[i][j], end = " ")
            elif(i == n - 1):
                print(arr[i][j], end = " ")
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    a= [ [ 4, 5, 6, 8 ],
        [ 1, 2, 3, 1 ],
        [ 7, 8, 9, 4 ],
        [ 1, 8, 7, 5 ] ]
 
    diag(a, 4)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

Output:

4 5 6 8 2 9 1 8 7 5

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