The std::istringstream is a string class object which is used to stream the string into different variables and similarly files can be stream into strings. Objects of this class use a string buffer that contains a sequence of characters. This sequence of characters can be accessed as a string object.
Header File:
#include <sstream>
1. Streaming integer from a string with std::istringstream
One way to stream a string is to use an input string stream object std::istringstream from the header. Once a std::istringstream object has been created, then the string can be streamed and stored using the extraction operator(>>). The extraction operator will read until whitespace is reached or until the stream fails.
Below is the illustration of the std::istringstream:
// C++ program to illustrate std::istringstream #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> using std::istringstream; using std::string; using std::cout; // Driver Code int main() { // Input string string a("1 2 3"); // Object class of istringstream istringstream my_stream(a); // Variable to store number n int n; // Stream a number till white space // is encountered my_stream >> n; // Print the number cout << n << "\n"; } |
1
The std::istringstream object can also be used as a boolean to determine if the last extraction operation failed. This happens if there wasn’t any more of the string to the stream, For Example, If the stream still has more characters then we are able to stream the string again.
The extraction operator >> writes the stream to the variable on the right of the operator and returns the std::istringstream object, so the entire expression my_stream >> n is a std::istringstream object which returns a boolean i.e., true if stream is possible else return false.
Below is the implementation of using the std::istringstream in the above way:
Type 1
// C++ program to illustrate std::istringstream #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> using std::istringstream; using std::string; using std::cout; // Driver Code int main() { // Input string string a("1 2 3"); // Object class of istringstream istringstream my_stream(a); // Variable to store number n int n; // Testing to see if the stream was // successful and printing results. while (my_stream) { // Streaming untill space is // encountered my_stream >> n; // If my_stream is not empty if (my_stream) { cout << "That stream was successful: " << n << "\n"; } // Else print not successful else { cout << "That stream was NOT successful!" << "\n"; } } return 0; } |
Type 2
// C++ program to illustrate std::istringstream #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> using std::istringstream; using std::string; using std::cout; // Driver Code int main() { // Input string string a("1 2 3"); // Object class of istringstream istringstream my_stream(a); // Variable to store number n int n; // Testing to see if the stream was // successful and printing results. while (my_stream >> n) { cout << "That stream was successful: " << n << "\n"; } cout << "That stream was NOT successful!" << "\n"; return 0; } |
That stream was successful: 1 That stream was successful: 2 That stream was successful: 3 That stream was NOT successful!
2. Strings with Mixed Types
In the above illustrations, the string contains only whitespaces and characters which could be converted to int. If the string has mixed types i.e., it contains more than one data type in the stream then it can be used as illustrated below.
Below is the illustration of the std::istringstream for the mixed types:
Program 1:
// C++ program to illustrate std::istringstream // when string has integer followed by character #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> using std::istringstream; using std::string; using std::cout; // Driver Code int main() { // Input string string str("1, 2, 3"); // Object class of istringstream istringstream my_stream(str); // Variable to store the number n // and character ch char c; int n; // Traverse till input stream is valid while (my_stream >> n >> c) { cout << "That stream was successful: " << n << " " << c << "\n"; } cout << "The stream has failed." << "\n"; return 0; } |
That stream was successful: 1, That stream was successful: 2, The stream has failed.
Program 2:
// C++ program to illustrate std::istringstream // to tokenize the string #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> using std::istringstream; using std::string; using std::cout; // Driver Code int main() { // Input string string str("abc, def, ghi"); // Object class of istringstream istringstream my_stream(str); // To store the stream string string token; size_t pos = -1; // Traverse till stream is valid while (my_stream >> token) { // If ',' is found then tokenize // the string token while ((pos = token.rfind(',')) != std::string::npos) { token.erase(pos, 1); } // Print the tokenize string cout << token << '\n'; } } |
abc def ghi
Reference: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/sstream/istringstream/
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