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Webiga Ruzizi

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Wabiga Ruzizi
Jeer ku yaal Wabiga Ruzizi ee Burundi
Khariidad
WaddamadaJamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiiga Kongo (DRC)
Rwanda
Burundi
Baasin
Ilaha Ugu Muhiimsanxadka u dhexeeya Bukavu
iyo Cyangugu, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, DRC
1,472 m (4,829 ft)[1]
Afka Wabigagalbeedka Bujumbura, Burundi
768 m (2,520 ft)[1]
Astaamaha Jirka
Socodka Biyaha
  • Average rate:
    100 m3/s (3,500 cu ft/s)[2]

Ruzizi (mararka qaarkood loo higaadiyo Rusizi, Faransiis; Rivière Ruzizi; Holland: Ruzizi Rivier) waa wabi, dhererkiisu yahay 117 kilometres (73 mi),[3] kaas oo ka qulqula Harada Kivu ilaa Harada Tanganyika ee Afrikata Dhexe, isagoo ka soo degaya ilaa 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) ilaa ilaa 770 metres (2,530 ft) oo ka sarreysa heerka badda inta uu socdo.[1][4] Meelaha ugu dhaadhaca badan waxay dhacaan 40-ka km ee ugu horreeya, halkaas oo biya-xireenno koronto laga dhisay.[2] Dhanka hoose, Bannaanka Ruzizi, oo ah dabaqa Dooxada Rift ee Galbeedka, ayaa leh buuro guryan ah,[5] wabiguna wuxuu u qulqulaa Harada Tanganyika isagoo maraya Wabi-delta, iyadoo hal ama laba kanaal oo yaryar ay ka go'ayaan kanaalka ugu weyn.[4]

Ruzizi waa wabi da'yar, oo samaysmay qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor markii fulganno la xiriira Rift-ka qaaradaha ay abuureen Buuraha Virunga. Buuruhu waxay xannibeen marin-biyoodkii hore ee Harada Kivu ee u socday barkadda biyaha ee Wabiga Niil beddelkeedana waxay ku qasbeen qulqulka harada inay u soo degaan koonfurta Ruzizi iyo barkadda biyaha ee Wabiga Kongo.

Socodka

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Wabiga Ruzizi oo ku qulqulaya Harada Tanganyika

Dhinaca sare, wabigu wuxuu qayb ka yahay xadka u dhexeeya Rwanda oo ku taal bariga iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiiga Kongo (DRC) oo dhanka galbeed ah.[4] Dhanka hoose, wuxuu qayb ka yahay xadka u dhexeeya DRC iyo Burundi, qaybtiisa ugu hoosaysana waxay gebi ahaanba ku dhex taal Burundi.[4][6] Galbeedka, Buuraha Baraka ee Deegaanka Fizi ayaa ka dul taagan wabiga.[7] Biriijka Concord, oo ah biriijka ugu dheer Burundi, ayaa ka gudba wabiga meel u dhow afkiisa.[8] Wabiyada laamaha u ah Wabiga Ruzizi waxaa ka mid ah Wabiga Nyamagana, Wabiga Muhira, Wabiga Kaburantwa, Wabiga Kagunuzi, Wabiga Rubyiro iyo Wabiga Ruhwa, iyo kuwo kale.[9]

Wabiga Ruzizi, oo koonfur uga qulqula Harada Tanganyika, waa qayb ka mid ah biyaha sare ee Wabiga Kongo. Sahamiyayaashii Ingiriiska ee qarnigii sagaalaad sida Richard Francis Burton iyo John Hanning Speke, oo aan hubin jihada qulqulka Ruzizi, waxay u maleeyeen inay u qulquli karto waqooyi harada dhanka Wabiga Niilka Cad. Cilmi-baaristoodii iyo sahamintii xigtay ee David Livingstone iyo Henry Morton Stanley waxay xaqiijiyeen in taasi aysan ahayn. Ruzizi wuxuu ku qulqulaa Harada Tanganyika, taas oo u qulqusha Wabiga Lukuga qiyaastii 120 kilometres (75 mi) koonfurta Ujiji. Lukuga wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeedka Wabiga Lualaba, oo ah wabi weyn oo ka mid ah Kongo.[10]

Juquraafi

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Rifting-ka, oo ah kala-jiidashada tartiib-tartiib ah ee Taarikada Tectonic, ayaa soo saartay nidaamka Rift-ka Afrikata Bari iyo barkadihiisa iyo harooyinkiisa badan. Nidaamka, oo ku yaal xadka u dhexeeya Taarikada Afrika (Taarikada Nubian) iyo Taarikada Soomaali, wuxuu leeyahay laba laamood, labaduba waxay u janjeeraan waqooyi-koonfur. Rifting-ka laanta galbeedka, oo loo yaqaan Albertine Rift, wuxuu bilaabmay intii u dhaxaysay 25 iyo 10 milyan oo sano ka hor.[11] Wabiga Ruzizi wuxuu ku yaal rift-ka galbeedka, kaas oo ay ku jiraan, waqooyi ilaa koonfur, harooyinka Harada Albert, Harada George, Harada Edward, Kivu, Tanganyika, Harada Rukwa, Harada Malawi, iyo kuwo kale.[11]

Kor u kaca Dhulka ee la xiriira rift-ka ayaa beddelay xiriirka ka dhexeeya jidhka biyaha ee gobolka.[11] Qiyaastii 13,000 ilaa 9,000 oo sano ka hor, dhaqdhaqaaqa fulgannada ayaa xannibay marin-biyoodkii hore ee Harada Kivu ee u socday barkadda biyaha ee Wabiga Niil.[11] Fulgannadu waxay soo saareen buuro, oo ay ku jiraan Buuraha Virunga, kuwaas oo ka soo baxay inta u dhaxaysa Harada Kivu iyo Harada Edward, xagga waqooyi.[12] Biyaha Harada Kivu ayaa markaa lagu qasbay inay u soo degaan koonfurta Ruzizi.[11] Tani, markeeda, waxay kor u qaadday heerka Harada Tanganyika, taas oo u qulqushay Wabiga Lukuga.[11] Kala duwanaanshaha kor u kaca iyo cimilada ayaa sababay in Ruzizi iyo Lukuga ay furmaan oo xirmaan dhowr jeer tan iyo markaas.[11]

Koronto-biyood

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Xarunta Korontada ee Ruzizi I waxaa laga dhisay marin-biyoodka Wabiga Ruzizi ee Harada Kivu 1958. Xarunta Korontada ee Ruzizi II waxaa lagu daray 1989.[13] Ruzizi I iyo II waxaa maamula shirkad saddex-dal ah (Burundi, Rwanda iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiiga Kongo) oo ay leedahay Ururka Dhaqaalaha ee Waddamada Haraha Waaweyn. Dalladdu waxay qorshaynaysaa laba biya-xireen oo kale, Ruzizi III iyo Ruzizi IV.[13]

Ruzizi I waxay leedahay awood dhalin oo ku dhow 30 megawatts (MW) iyo Ruzizi II ku dhow 44 MW. Ruzizi III, oo laga dhisi doono dhanka hoose ee labada kale, ayaa la saadaalinayaa inay yeelato awood dhan 145 MW marka ay shaqayso qiyaastii 2027. Sida qayb ka mid ah mashruuca Ruzizi III, Ruzizi I iyo II ayaa dib loo cusboonaysiin doonaa. Haddii ugu dambeyntii la dhiso, Ruzizi IV waxaa la dhigi doonaa inta u dhaxaysa Ruzizi II iyo Ruzizi III waxaana la saadaalinayaa inay ku shaqeyso in ka badan 200 MW.[13] Janaayo 16, 2020, Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika wuxuu u qoondeeyay €8 milyan oo kaalmo farsamo ah mashruuca koronto-biyoodka Ruzizi IV.[14] Waxaa la filayaa inay siiso 287 MW Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiiga Kongo, Rwanda iyo Burundi.[14]

Xayawaanka iyo Dhirta

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Dhiiqooyinka qasabka ah ayaa caadi ka ah dhanka hoose ee main stem ee wabiga iyo laamihiisa. Meel u dhow afka, aagga wabiga ee dhiiqada leh waa ilaa 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) ballac. Wadarta guud ee dhiiqooyinka ee Burundi waxaa lagu qiyaasay 12,000 hectares (30,000 acres) iyadoo qasabku uu dhererkiisu u dhexeeyo 2 ilaa[convert: unknown unit], iyadoo ku xiran heerka qulqulka biyaha. Dadka deegaanku waxay u isticmaalaan qasabka saqaf-saarista iyo ujeedooyin kale oo guri.[5]

Yaxaaska dad-cunka ah ee caanka ah, Gustave, ayaa ku dhex mushaaxa bangiyada Wabiga Ruzizi iyo xeebaha waqooyi ee Harada Tanganyika. Gustave, oo lagu qiyaasay inuu yahay qiyaastii 6 metres (20 ft) oo dherer ah oo miisaankiisu yahay qiyaastii 900 kilograms (2,000 lb), ayaa la sheegay inuu dilay oo cunay dad badan.[15] Filimka dukumentiga ah ee Gustave ("Capturing the Killer Croc"), sheekhuhu wuxuu sheegay in "Sannadihii 1950-meeyadii, maroodiga, maroodiga, iyo warthog-ka caadiga ah ay ku noolaayeen bannaanka; laakiin waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah u baabi'iyay ninka. Kan keliya ee badbaaday ee naasleyda waaweyn ayaa ahaa jeerka. Waxayna wadaagaan wabiga, si wada noolaansho aan raaxo lahayn, oo ay la socdaan yaxaaska Niilka."

Sidoo kale eeg

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Tixraac

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  1. 1 2 3 Derived from geolocation with Google Earth.
  2. 1 2 Lamers, Alfred (1990). "Ruzizi II - A Fine Example of Regional Cooperation". Human Info NGO Library for Education and Development. Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ↑ Felton, Anna A.; Russell, James M.; Cohen, Andrew S.; Baker, Mark E.; Chesley, John T.; Lezzar, Kiram E.; McGlue, Michael M.; Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Quade, Jay; Curt Stager, J.; Tiercelin, Jean Jacques (2007). "Paleolimnological Evidence for the Onset and Termination of Glacial Aridity from Lake Tanganyika, Tropical East Africa". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 252 (3–4): 405. Bibcode:2007PPP...252..405F. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.003.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Google Maps". Google Maps. 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  5. 1 2 "Burundi Wetlands" (PDF). Ramsar. pp. 2–4. Retrieved 14 January 2013.[xiriiriye dhintay]
  6. ↑ Mokoso, Jean De Dieu Mangambu; Kavusa, Kambale; Sefu, Aruna; Milenge, Ladislas Witanene; Kiswele, Prince Kaleme (31 March 2022). "Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 at Ruzizi River and Lake Tanganyika (Territory of Uvira, South Kivu, DR Congo): population census and conservation implications" (PDF). Elewa.org/Journals. ELEWA. p. 3. ISSN 1997-5902. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  7. ↑ Doyle, Mark (25 November 2004). "Retracing Che Guevara's Congo Footsteps". BBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  8. ↑ Murison, Katharine (ed.). Africa South of the Sahara (32nd ed.). Europa Publications. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-85743-131-5.
  9. ↑ "Acme Mapper (terrain)". Acme Labs. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  10. ↑ Ondaatje, Christoper (1998). Journey to the Source of the Nile. Toronto: Harper Collins. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-00-200019-2.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Danley, Patrick D.; Husemann, Martin; Ding, Baoqing; Dipietro, Lyndsay M.; Beverly, Emily J.; Peppe, Daniel J.; et al. (2012). "The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2012: 1–20. doi:10.1155/2012/574851. PMC 3408716. PMID 22888465.
  12. ↑ Clark, J. D. (1969). Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 34. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  13. 1 2 3 "Sizing Up African Hydro". Water Power. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  14. 1 2 "EAST AFRICA: AfDB grants €8 million for the Ruzizi IV hydropower project". Afrik 21 (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). 2020-01-16. Archived from the original on 2020-01-16. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
  15. ↑ McRae, Michael. "Gustave the Croc Surfaces to Strike Again". National Geographic (February 2008). Retrieved 14 January 2013.

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