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1. çæ§ã®éçïœèª¿æ»ãåãããŒã人éã®ãæ¥ã
çŸä»£ã®ããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°ãªãµãŒãã®å€ãã¯ã人éããèªãã®æ¬²æãéžæã®åæ©ããè«ççãªèšèã§èª¬æã§ããäž»äœããšããŠæ±ãããšããŸããã¢ã³ã±ãŒãã®éžæè¢ã«åçããã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒã§çç±ãèªãã綺éºã«åé¡ããããã«ãœãã®åã«åãŸããªãããèªç¥ã»çè§£ã»å ±æã»è¡åãšããçŸããæ åºŠå€å®¹ã®ããã»ã¹ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠåããŠãããååšãšããŠã人éã¯æ±ãããŸãã
ããããããã人é芳ã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿçãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããè¿ä»£ä»¥éã®ç€ŸäŒå¶åºŠãããžãã¹å®åãåæãšããŠãããã²ãšã€ã®äººéåã«ãããŸããã
ãããããçæ§çã§ãèªåŸçã§ãèªåã®ææã倿ã説æã§ããäž»äœããšããŠäººéãæããèŠæ¹ã§ããã«ã³ãçãªè¿ä»£äž»äœã®ææ³ã¯ããã®ä»£è¡šçãªæºæµã®äžã€ãšèšã£ãŠããã§ãããã
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1-1. åçæ§ã®ç¶²ã®ç®ãããæãããã€ãº
æ£ãããšé ã§ã¯çè§£ããŠããŠãé ãªã«åããªããæ¬²ãããšå£ã§ã¯èšããªãã財åžãéããªããå ±æãããšè¡šæããªããå®éã®æŽ»åã«ã¯åå ããªããå«ããªããã§ã¯ãªãã®ã«ããªããäžå®ã®è·é¢ãåãç¶ãããç¬ã¿ãæµ®ãã¹ãŠããã®ã«ãã©ããå·ãããã«åŒããŠãããèªãã°èªãã»ã©ãççŸãéããŠããââã
人éã®å²ãåããªãè¡åã®è£ã«ã¯ãè¿ä»£çãªçæ§ã®ç¶²ã®ç®ããå¿ ãããŒãèœã¡ãŠããŸããèšèªåäžå¯èœãªãæ¥ãããã€ãºã枊巻ããŠããŸãã
1-2. ææ ã®æ¿ããæŸãçŽããéçã®äœæ³ã
ä»è ãžã®ç §ãã劬ã¿ãæ¥åžžã®éå±ãæ¬è³ªçãªé¢åãããã埮ããªãããããããèæ å¿ããããŠäžå®å šãªãã®ãžã®æããããPRãçã«åãåãã¹ã察象ã¯ãããŒã¿ã·ãŒãã®äžã«çŸããæŽçãããçŽåºŠã®é«ãã¿ãŒã²ããã€ã¡ãŒãžãªã©ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ãããããã®ãããªèšèã«ãªããªãææ ã®æ¿ãããå¶åŸ¡ããããªã身äœã®åå¿ãæ±ãããççŸã ããã®äººéãã®ãã®ã§ããäºæã§èããPRãšã¯ãå¹ç䞻矩ã®ããã»ã¹ãåãæšãŠãŠãããããã®ãã€ãºãäžå¯§ã«æŸãçŽããéæ§çãªèгå¯ã®äœæ³ãªã®ã§ãã
2. äºæãšã¯ãææ§ãã§ã¯ãªãã芳å¯ã®æè¡ãã§ãã
äºæã§èããããšæç€ºãããšãå人ã®ã²ãããã倩æ§ã®ã»ã³ã¹ãšãã£ããå±äººçãªãææ§è«ããšããŠçä»ããããã¡ã§ãã
ããããããã§æå±ããäºæãšã¯ãã¢ãŒãã®ãããªææ§ã®è©±ã§ã¯ãªãã瀟äŒã«æŒãèšå€§ãªãæªèšèªæ å ±ããæ£ç¢ºã«åä¿¡ããããã®é«ç²ŸåºŠãªã»ã³ãµãŒïŒèгå¯ã®æè¡ïŒãæããŸãã
2-1. æ°åã«å€æãããæåã®ãããããããèªã
èŠããèããè§Šãããå ããå³ãããšãã身äœçã¢ãããŒãã¯ããã¹ãŠã®äºè±¡ãéœåããè³æåãããæ°åã«å€æãããæåã«ããçæŽ»è ã®ããããããããéåæãã客芳çã«æããããã®å®è·µçãªæè¡ã§ãã
ãã®èŠç¹ãæ·±ããäžã§ã人é¡åŠãªã©ã«ããããæèŠãšã¹ãã°ã©ãã£ãã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯æ¥µããŠæå¹ãªèŠåº§ãäžããŠãããŸãããµã©ã»ãã³ã¯ããã®ææ³è«ãDoing Sensory Ethnographyãã§ç€ºããããã«ã人éã®çŸå Žçµéšãçã«çè§£ããããã«ã¯ãåãªãèŠèŠçãªæ å ±ã ãã§ãªããåããå³ãè§ŠèŠãé³ã空éã®ç§»åãæž©åºŠãšãã£ããè€æ°ã®èº«äœçæèŠãçžäºã«é¢ä¿ãåãããã»ã¹ãéèŠããã°ãªããŸããã
2-2. åããæ¹¿åºŠãšããŠç«ã¡äžãã瀟äŒ
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3. èŠãïœè¡åã®æåã§æ¢ãŸã身äœãèªã
PRå®åã«ããããèŠãããšã¯ããã£ã³ããŒã³ã«ãã£ãŠåããããžãã£ããªç掻è ã®æ°ã確èªããããšã§ã¯ãããŸãããç§ãã¡ãèªãã¹ãã¯ãããããåããªãã£ã人ã ãã®æ²é»ãã身äœã§ãã
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3-1. 調æ»ç¥šã«ã¯çŸããªãã身äœçæµæã
ããã«ã¯ãæ¢åã®èª¿æ»ç¥šã®èªç±èšè¿°æ¬ã«ã¯çŸãã«ããã身äœçæµæããååšããŠããŸãã
èå³ã¯ããããã©ããªãã身äœãåãžåºãªããçŽåŸã¯ããŠããããã©ãèªåã®èšèãšããŠèªãçŽãã«ã¯å¿ççã³ã¹ããé«ããããæ£ãããšã¯æãããã©ãçæŽ»ã«å·»ã蟌ãã«ã¯ã©ããéèŠããã
åºå ±PRãæ³šèŠãã¹ãã¯ããã®ãåããªããã®æ§é ã§ããèªç¥ãç²åŸããå ±æãã圢æãããŠããã¯ããªã®ã«ããªãæåŸã®è¡åãèµ·ããªãã®ãããã®çãã¯ãããžã¿ã«äžã®æ°å€ã®äžã§ã¯ãªãã人ã ã®ã身äœã®æ¢ãŸãæ¹ãã®ã°ã©ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ããçŸããŸãã
3-2. ç°å¢ãšèº«äœã®ããã ã«ãããæ©æŠããè§£ã
ãã®èº«äœçãªèŠç¹ã¯ãJã»Jã»ã®ããœã³ãæå±ãããã¢ãã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãã®çæ åŠçç¥èŠçè«ãThe Ecological Approach to Visual Perceptionããšãæ·±ãé¿ãåããŸãã
ã®ããœã³ã¯ãã人éã®ç¥èŠããé è³ã®äžã ãã§å®çµããæ å ±åŠçã§ã¯ãªãã身äœãæã£ãååšãç°å¢ã®äžãåãåããç°å¢ãæç€ºãã䟡å€ããã€ãããã¯ã«æ¢çŽ¢ããªããæç«ãããã®ãšããŠæããŸãããèªç¶ãªèŠèŠãšã¯ãåºå®ãããèŠç¹ãã察象ãçºããããšã§ã¯ãªãã身äœãæã£ãŠæ©ããè¿ã¥ããåã蟌ã¿ãªããäžçãšé¢ããããã»ã¹ãã®ãã®ãªã®ã§ãã
PRã®èŠç¹ããèšãã°ããèŠãããšã¯å¯Ÿè±¡ãé ããã芳枬ããããšã§ã¯ãããŸããããã®æ å ±ç©ºéãå ŽããçæŽ»è ã«å¯ŸããŠã©ã®ãããªåè©ãä¿ããã©ãã§äººã ã®è¡çºãé»å®³ããŠããã®ãããã®ç°å¢ãšèº«äœãšã®ããã ã«ããåçãªæ©æŠãèªã¿è§£ãããšãããããèŠãããšããæè¡ã®æ¬è³ªãªã®ã§ãã
4. èãïœæ²é»ãèšãæ·ã¿ãèãåã
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4-1. çžæãã蚺æããããé¢ä¿ã®ãºã¬ãæœåºãã
ãã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ãå¿çåŠã«ãããã«ãŒã«ã»ããžã£ãŒãºã®ãæ¥è«è äžå¿çæ³ãïŒOn Becoming a PersonïŒã®ç¥èŠãšãæ·±ãèŠªåæ§ãæã£ãŠããŸããããžã£ãŒãºã¯ã察象ã宿ã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããå€åŽãã客芳çã«èšºæãããããã®ãå³ããæããçžæã®å åŽã«ããçã ããçµéšãç¡æ¡ä»¶ã«è¯å®ããå ±æçã«çè§£ããé¢ä¿æ§ã®éèŠæ§ã説ããŸããã
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PRå®åã«ããããè§Šããããšã¯ãæåéãçŸå Žãžãšèªãã®èäœãæããããšã§ããååãå®éã«æã¡äžãããã®éãã確ãããå è£ ãéããåããå ããå³ãããæäŸãããæ€ åã«è °æãã顧客ã®åã«äžŠã³ãèšèšãããåç·ãèªãæ©ããåºé ã®æž©åºŠã湿床ã®å€åãæããæåç·ã«ç«ã€ç€Ÿå¡ãšåãå Žæã«ç«ã¡ç¶ããââã
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6. å ãïŒå³ããïœæ°é ãšåŸå³ãèªã
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Sarah Pink, Doing Sensory Ethnography, SAGE Publications, 2015.
èŠèŠäžå¿ã®èª¿æ»ããè±åŽããå èŠã»å³èŠã»è§ŠèŠãå«ãã倿èŠçãªèº«äœçµéšããçŸå Žã®æèã客芳çã«æœåºããããã®ãçŸä»£æèŠãšã¹ãã°ã©ãã£ã®ä»£è¡šçæç®ããŸãããã«è¿ãæŠå¿µãšããŠããã£ã ã»ã€ã³ãŽã«ãã人é¡åŠãšã¯äœããïŒäºçŽæžæ¿ïŒããã¡ã€ãã³ã°ãïŒå·Šå³ç€ŸïŒã§ããã°æ¥æ¬èªçã確èªããããšãã§ããŸãããžã§ã€ã ãºã»Pã»ã¹ãã©ãããªãŒãåå èŠ³å¯æ³å ¥éãç°äžçŸæµåã»éº»åããã¿ç£èš³ãå»åŠæžé¢ã2010幎ãïŒJames P. Spradley, Participant Observation, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.ïŒ
çŸå Žãžã®æ²¡å ¥ãšå®¢èгç芳å¯ã®åŸåŸ©è«ãäœç³»åãããšã¹ãã°ã©ãã£ã«ãããåäžèгå¯ã®åºæ¬çãªæé ãšèãæ¹ã瀺ããæç®ã§ããC.R.ããžã£ãŒãºãããžã£ãŒãºãèªãèªå·±å®çŸã®éã諞å¯ç¥¥åœŠã»æ«æŠåº·åŒã»ä¿åäºšå ±èš³ã岩åŽåŠè¡åºç瀟ã2005幎ãïŒCarl R. Rogers, On Becoming a Person: A Therapistâs View of Psychotherapy, Houghton Mifflin, 1961.ïŒ
察象ã®ã³ã³ãããŒã«ã宿ãªèšºæãå³ããæããçžæã®çã ããå ççµéšãç¡æ¡ä»¶ã«å°éããå ±æççè§£ã®åºç€ãç¯ãããæ¥è«è äžå¿çæ³ã®éèŠæç®ãJ.J.ã®ããœã³ãçæ åŠçèŠèŠè«ââããã®ç¥èŠäžçãæ¢ããå€åŽæ¬ã»ãå ±èš³ããµã€ãšã³ã¹ç€Ÿã1985幎ãïŒJ. J. Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Houghton Mifflin, 1979.ïŒ
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