æ¥æ¬äººã®ç¥ããªãæ¥æ¬â¡
ååã®èšäºã®ç¶ãã§ãã
ç§ãã¡ã¯ïŒ
ã宣æŠåžåãããçç æ¹Ÿå¥è¥²ãšãã忝ãªåœ¢ã§ç±³åœãæ»æãããã
ãç±³åœã¯æŠäºã®æ©æçµçµã®ããïŒåºå³¶ïŒé·åŽã«ååç匟ãæäžãããã
ãçµæŠåŸïŒæŠäºãäž»å°ããæ¥æ¬ã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ãè»äººãªã©ã®æŠäºç¯çœªäººãè£ãããã«æ±äº¬è£å€ãè¡ããããã
ãšã ãæãããïŒæ¥æ¬ãäœæ
倧æ±äºæŠäºã«èžã¿åã£ãã®ãïŒäœæ
åçã§å€ãã®äººãç¡ããªããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãã®ãïŒæ±äº¬è£å€ãšã¯ã©ã®ãããªãã®ã ã£ãã®ãïŒãšããæŽå²ã®èæ¯ã¯æããããèšæ¶ããããŸããã
ä»åã¯å€§æ±äºæŠäºãšæ±äº¬è£å€ã«å¯Ÿããç±³è±ã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ãè»äººã®èšŒèšãããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
倧æ±äºæŠäº(å€ªå¹³æŽæŠäº)
 ãåŠäœã«ãããæ¥æ¬ãå ã«ãç±³åœã«æ»æã仿ããããæ€èšäžã§ãããã
ïŒè±åœçç«å ¬ææžé€šã®è³æã«ãããã£ãŒãã«éŠçžã倧西æŽäžã®è»èŠã§ã«ãŒãºãã«ã倧統é ãšæå16幎8æ10æ¥ãš11æ¥ã«ãããªã£ãå€§è¥¿æŽæ²ç« å¶å®ã«é¢ããç§å¯äŒè«ã®äžéšããïŒ
ãæ¥æ¬ã¯ããã€ãªãã³ããã³ãã®ä»ã®ãããªãç±³åœã®é åã«å¯ŸããŠããéå¿ãæããŠããªãã£ããããããªãããã²ãšã€ã®åœå®¶ãšããŠãæ¥æ¬ã¯ãã®å·¥æ¥ã忥èªè¡ããã³æµ·è»ã®ããã®ç³æ²¹ãªãã«åç«ã§ããªãã£ããéåžžãªå¹³åæå¥œå®¶ã§ããéŠçžã®è¿è¡å ¬çµã¯ãã¯ã·ã³ãã³ãããã«ã«ã«æ¥ãŠãããããã«ãŒãºãã«ã倧統é ãšäŒè«ããããšãç¹°ãè¿ãèŠæããŠããã圌ã¯ãæŠäºãé¿ããããã«ã¯ãç±³åœåŽã®æ¡ä»¶ã«æ«å®åå®ã®åœ¢ã§åæããææããã£ãããã«ãŒãºãã«ãã¯ããã§ã«å¯Ÿæ¥æŠãããã³ãã®åž°çµãšããŠã®å¯Ÿç¬æŠãè¡ãªãããšã決æããŠãããšããçç±ã§ãæ¥æ¬éŠçžãšã®è©±ãåããæåŠãããã
ãæ¥æ¬ãæŠäºãå§ããçç±ã¯ããã£ãªãã³ãåããšããæ±æŽãžã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®é²åºããããã«æ¥æ¬ãææã«æããããçè§£ããªããã°åãããªãã ããããŸã1941幎ã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãæ¥æ¬ãžã®ãã£ããã®ç³æ²¹è³æºã®äŸçµŠãçµ¶ã£ãæã®æ¥æ¬ã®æããæ·±å»ããç¡èŠããããšã¯ã§ããªãã§ããããããèããŠã¿ãã°ãçç æ¹Ÿæ»æãäžæ¹çã«åå£ã ãšéé£ããããšã¯ããããªããã
ããã«ãŒãã³ã®åçæäžåœä»€ã¯æãããŠæ£åœåã§ããã®ãã倧å€ãªé倱ã§ã¯ãªãã®ãããã«ãŒãã³ã¯æ¥æ¬ãç¡æ¡ä»¶éäŒãæçµ¶ãããããšèª¬æããŠãããããã«ãã£ãŠç±³è»å µå£«ã®æå€±ãé²ãã ãããã«çç æ¹Ÿæ»æãžã®ä»£åãæ¥æ¬ã¯äœååã«ããŠè¿ããªããŠã¯ãªããªãã£ããšè¿°ã¹ãããããããã«å¯ŸããæŽå²å®¶ã®äžéšã¯çåãåããŠãããç±³åœã¯æå·ãè§£èªããŠãããæ¥æ¬ãã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯çµç±ã§éäŒæ¡ä»¶ãæèšºããŠããããšãç¥ã£ãŠãããããã«ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã¯ãã€ãéäŒããäžã«æä»¥å ãã€ãŸãå «æåæ¬ã«ã¯æ¥æ¬ã«åæŠãããšè©±ããŠããããªãã°åçæäžãæ¬å決æŠãªãã«åå©ã¯å¯èœã ã£ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããããæŽå²å®¶ã¯è«ããŠãããã
ãç±³åœãæŠäºã«è¿œèŸŒãŸãããšããã®ã¯ãæŽå²ãæªæ²ãããçã ãããç±³åœãäœãã²ã©ãæ¥æ¬ãæçºããã®ã§æ¥æ¬ã¯çç æ¹Ÿæ»æã®æ¢ããªãã«è³ã£ãã®ã ãã
ãæœåšçã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®æããåŽååã¯éçã«ã質çã«ããç§ããããŸã§æ¥ãããã¥ãã«ãå£ãã¬åªç§ãªãã®ã§ããæŽå²äžã®ã©ã®æç¹ã«ãããŠããæ¥æ¬ã®åŽåè ã¯ã人éã¯æ ããŠããæããããåããçç£ããŠããæã®æ¹ããã幞çŠãªã®ã ãšããµããšãã€ãŸãåŽåã®å°å³ãšåŒãã§ããããããªãã®ãçºèŠããŠããã®ã§ããããã»ã©å·šå€§ãªåŽåèœåãæã£ãŠãããšããµããšã¯ã圌ãã«ã¯äœãåãããã®ææãå¿ èŠã ãšããµããšãæå³ããŸãã圌ãã¯å·¥å Žã建èšããåŽååãæããŠããŸãããããã圌ãã¯æãå ãžãã¹ãåæãåŸãããšãã§ããŸããã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã¯çµ¹ç£æ¥ä»¥å€ã«ã¯ãåºæã®ç£ç©ã¯ã»ãšãã©äœãç¡ãã®ã§ãã圌ãã¯ç¶¿ãç¡ããçŸæ¯ãç¡ããç³æ²¹ã®ç£åºãç¡ããé«ãç¡ãããŽã ãç¡ãããã®ä»å®ã«å€ãã®åæãæ¬ åŠããŠããããããŠãããäžåã®ãã®ãã¢ãžã¢ã®æµ·åã«ã¯ååšããŠããã®ã§ãããããããã®åæã®äŸçµŠãæã¡åããããã1åäžãã1å2çŸäžã®å€±æ¥è ãçºçããã§ãããããšã圌ãã¯æããŠããŸããã ãããã£ãŠåœŒããæŠäºã«é£ã³èŸŒãã§ãã£ãåæ©ã¯ã倧éšåãå®å šä¿éã®å¿ èŠã«è¿«ãããŠã®ããšã ã£ãã®ã§ããã
ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯èª€ãã ã£ããã
æ±äº¬è£å€
ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯å²äžææªã®åœåã ãããç±³åœãåãç«å Žã ã£ãããæ¥æ¬ãšåãããã«æŠã£ãã ãããã
 ãç§ã¯æåæ¥æ¬ã«çãããšãã«ã¯ãããã¯ãšãã§ããªãäºä»¶ãåŒãåãããã®ã ãšãåŸæããªãã§ããªãã£ãããããã«ãã®åŸãçš®ã 調æ»ãç ç©¶ããŠãããã¡ã«ãç§ã©ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§èããŠããããšãšã¯å šç¶éã§ãã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬ã«ã¯äºã幎éäžè²«ããäžç䟵ç¥ã®å ±åè¬è°ãªããŠæããŠãªãã£ãããšã«ç¢ºä¿¡ãæã€ã«ããã£ãããããã£ãŠã起蚎äºå®ã¯ãå šéšç¡çœªã§ãããããããããã¯åŒè·äººã§ããç§ãäºå¹Žåãè²»ãããããããæ€èšãå ããŠããããããã«å°éãåŸãçµè«ã§ããããããã£ãŠãè£å€å®ãæ€äºã¯ãŸã ãªããªããã®æ®µéã«å°éããŠããªãã ãããšæ³åããããããã倿±ºãéããããŠåž°åœããç§ã®å¿æ®ãã§ããã
ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯ããã€ãã®é倧ãªèª€å€ãå«ãã®ã¿ãªãããå šäœãšããŠã埩è®ã®ææ ã«é§ããããå ¬æ£ãªãããè£å€ã ã£ããã
ãæã ã¯æŠäºæ³èŠãæè·ããçºã«è£å€ãããŠããã¯ãã ã£ãã®ã«ãé£ååœãæŠäºèŠã培åºçã«èžã¿ã«ãã£ãäºããæ¯æ¥èŠãã€ããããŠããã®ã ãããããã¯é ·ããã®ã ã£ãããã¡ãããåè ãšæè ãäžç·ã«è£ãäºã¯äžå¯èœã ã£ããæ±æ¢ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯åè ã«ãã埩è®åã ãšèšã£ãã®ã¯ãŸãã«æ£ããã£ãã
æ¥æ¬ã¯è¥¿æŽè«žåœã®æ€æ°å°ãè§£æŸãã眪ã«ãã£ãŠçœ°ãããããããã®ååäžçŽããããªããã¡ã«ã1960å¹ŽïŒæå35幎ïŒã«åœé£ãæ€æ°å°ãä¿æããããšãäžæ³è¡çºã§ãããšå®£èšãããã®åŸãåœé£ç·äŒãæ€æ°å°ã®ä¿æãç¯çœªãšããŠèŠå®ãããããã
ãååç匟ãšãããåœéæ³ã§çŠæ¢ãããŠããæ®èãªæŠåšã䜿çšããŠå€æ°ã®äžè¬åžæ°ã殺ããé£ååœåŽããæèèåŸ ã«ã€ããŠãæ¥æ¬ã®è²¬ä»»ãåãè³æ Œãããã®ãã ã
ãæ¥æ¬ã¯åœéæ³ã«ç §ãããå šè¢«åã¯ç¡çœªã§ãããã
çç æ¹Ÿæ»æã¯ïŒ"圌ã"ãæ¥æ¬ãæŠäºã«åæŠãããããŠç±³åœïŒè±åœãããã®ãããŸãããæ¥æ¬ãå
µç³§æ»ãã«ãïŒãã«ããŒããšããæåŸéçãçªãã€ãïŒäºå®äžã®å®£æŠåžåãããŠããã®ã¯ç±³åœã§ãã
ããã«ïŒæ¥æ¬ããçç æ¹Ÿã«å€§èŠéãèªè¡ããã®ãç±³åœãç¥ããªãã¯ãã¯ãªãïŒäºå®ïŒç©ºæ¯ãæ°éèŠã¯éé¿ããŠããŠïŒæ»ææã«çç æ¹Ÿã«åæ³ããŠããã®ã¯èæœèŠã ãã§ããã
ãªãïŒå€§æ¬å¶ã¯æåéã倧æ±äºã®è§£æŸã®ããïŒã€ã³ãæŽã«å±éããè±åœè»ãå©ãïŒè±åœãžã®ç©è³ãæã€ããšã«ããïŒåœéé£åã匱ãããäœæŠãèšç»ããŠããã«ããããããïŒæµ·è»ã»å±±æ¬äºåå
ã®æŽèµ°ã«ããçç æ¹Ÿæ»æã«è³ã£ãããšãåãã£ãŠããŠããŸãã
ãŸãïŒæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯è£å€ãšããåã®è殺ã ã£ãããšãæ¥æ¬äººä»¥å€ã®äººã
ã®èšŒèšã«ããæŽå²çã«ãæããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ã©ããªç¯çœªè
ãåŠåãã眪ãåã£ããç¯çœªè
ã§ã¯ãããŸããããªã®ã«ïŒè±éãã¡ãåŠåãããåŸã"AçŽæŠç¯"ãšåŒã¶ã®ã¯ééã£ãŠããŸãããããèª°ãææããªãããšããç°åžžã§ãã
倿¥ïŒæŠäºã¯è»äººåå£«ãæ°é人ã®ããªããšããã§æŠããã®ã§ããïŒããïŒæ°é人ãå±
ããæŠééå§åã«æ°é人ãéããã®ãã«ãŒã«ã§ãããŸããŠãïŒæ°é人ã«å¯Ÿãæ»æãããšèšãã®ã¯ïŒæããã«åœéæ³éåã§ããæŠäºç¯çœªã§ãã
ã§ãããïŒæ±äº¬ãå«ãå
šåã®ç©ºè¥²ãåºå³¶ïŒé·åŽã®åçæäžã¯ïŒãã¯ãæŠäºã§ã¯ãªããèæ®ºãã§ãã
æå20幎7æã®æç¹ã§ïŒè±ç±³ã¯ïŒæŸã£ãŠãããŠããŸããªãæ¥æ¬ãéäŒããããšãç¥ã£ãŠããã«ããããããïŒç±³åœã¯æ±äº¬å€§ç©ºè¥²ãšãã³ããã¿ã³èšç»ãå®è¡ãåçãæäžãããŸããã
ãããšãåçã æäžãããªãã£ããšããŠãããœé£ãåæŠããªãã£ããšããŠããæ¬åäžéžäœæŠãè¡ãããªããŠããæ¥æ¬ã¯éåžžã«é«ã確çã§ä¹å·äžéžäœæŠã®æ±ºè¡äºå®æ¥ã§ããæåïŒïŒå¹ŽïŒïŒæïŒæ¥ãããïŒïŒæïŒïŒæ¥ãŸã§ã®éã«ã確å®ã«éäŒããã§ããããã
åºå³¶ãšé·åŽã«èœãšãããåçã¯ããããçš®é¡ãéããŸãã
åŸã«ç±³åœã¯ã2床ã®åçå®éšã«æåããããšèªæ
¢ãã«å£°æãçºè¡šããŠããŸããæ¥æ¬äººã«å¯ŸããŠåçå®éšãè¡ã£ããšèšã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã
æ°é人ã«å¯Ÿããåçæäžã¯æããã«æŠäºç¯çœªã§ããïŒå€ãã®èšŒèšããããŸããïŒç±³åœã¯ãããèªããŠããŸããã
ãã®ããã«ïŒå¯ŸæŠããåœã«ãããŠãæ¥æ¬ã®æ£ãããå€ãã®äººã
ã蚌èšããå
¬éãããŠããã«ãããããããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ããããç®ã«ããããšã¯ãããŸãããæããã«äžèªç¶ã§ãã
ä»åã玹ä»ããã®ã¯ïŒæµ·å€ã®äººã
ããèŠãæ¥æ¬ã®äžåŽé¢ã§ããïŒå
šãŠã§ã¯ãããŸãããã¢ãžã¢ã§ã®æŠéæã«ã¯æ®èè¡çºããã£ããããããŸãããçŸå°ã®äººãèãã§æŽèšãåã人ãããããšã§ãããã
ã§ãäžçäžã®å€ãã®äººã
ãæ¥æ¬è»ã𿥿¬äººãç§°è³ããŠããäºå®ããããŸãã
åœæ°å
šå¡ãå人ãšããåœã¯ãããŸãããïŒ100%åã§æ§æããã人éãããŸãããããããïŒåãšããæŠå¿µã人ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã
ãã ïŒè² ã®åŽé¢ã ããæãããŠå ±éãããçœµå£°ãæµŽã³ãããããã®ã¯ééã£ãŠãããè¯ãé¢ãæªãé¢ãå
šãŠæããã«ããŠïŒäœãè¯ãã£ãã®ãæªãã£ãã®ããè°è«ãïŒåã
ã®æèãé«ããŠããããšã§æªæ¥ãè¯ãããŠããããšãã§ããã®ã ãšæããŸãã
æåŸã«ïŒæµ·å€ã®äººã ããã®æ¥æ¬äººã«å¯ŸãããšãŒã«ãã芧ãã ããã
ããæ·å³¶ã® å€§åå¿ã 人åã¯ã° ææ¥ã«åãµ å±±æ¡è±ã
ããã¯ãç§ãæ¬æããæ°æž¡æžçš²é å çã®åèãæŠå£«éãã®äžã§æ¹ããŠç޹ä»ãããŠããæ¬å± å®£é·ã®åæã§ããããã®ã倧åå¿ããããæ¥æ¬äººãæãèªãã«æãã¹ãæ®éçççã§ããã人é¡ç€ŸäŒãããŸçŽé¢ããŠãã屿©ç¶æ³ãä¹ãåã£ãŠããããã«ã絶察ã«å¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ãªç²Ÿç¥çæéãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãã§ãããããã
ãã©ããå¿ã«çããŠããã ããããâæ¥æ¬âã¯ãããªãæ¹çŸä»£ã®æ¥æ¬äººã ãã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããæã âå æ¥æ¬äººâã®ãã®ã§ãããããšããç§ã¯ãå°æ¹Ÿã«ãã£ãŠããæ¥æ¬äººã«èª¬ãããèªåã®åœãæããªããããšãèªåã®åœããæããªã人ããã©ãããŠä»äººãä»ã®åœã®äººã ãæããã ããããèªãã®ç¥å ãæ¬ãã芪å åŒãæãããããŠããããã人ã ã幞ãã«æ®ããç¥åœãæããŠãããäžçã®äººã ãæããã®ã ã
ã©ããå°æ¹Ÿã«æ¥æ¬ã®æ£ããæŽå²ãåŠã³ãèªèº«ãšèªããåãæ»ããŠããã ãããããããŠèªãããæ¥æ¬ãã¢ãžã¢å°åã®å®å®ãšå¹³åãæ ãçã®ãªãŒããŒãããããšãé¡ãã
æ¥æ¬äººãèžã匵ããªããïŒã
ãç§ã¯ãã€ãŠæ¥æ¬äººã§ãã£ãããšã«èªããæã£ãŠããŸãããéã«æ¥æ¬ã®æ¹ã ã¯èªããæã£ãŠããªããã§ãããã©ããçãããéå»ã«å¯ŸããŠæ£åœãªè©äŸ¡ãšèªä¿¡ãæã£ãŠãã ããã
æŠåã®æ¥æ¬ã®å°æ¹Ÿçµ±æ²»ã«å¯Ÿãè¬çœªããå¿ èŠãªã©ãããŸãããæŠåŸã®æ¥æ¬æ¿åºã¯ãæ·±ãçµãæã¡ãªããäžçã§äžçªã®èŠªæ¥åœå®¶ã§ããå°æ¹ŸãèŠæšãŠãŸãããè¬çœªãã¹ãã¯ãããæŠåŸã®æ¥æ¬å€äº€ã§ãã
æ¥æ¬ã®ã¿ãªãããèªä¿¡ãæã£ãŠäžããããŸã ãŸã æ¥æ¬ã«ã¯åºåããããŸããçãããç«ã¡äžãã£ãŠã倧åœãšããŠã®æ¿æ²»ãããã°æ¥æ¬ã¯åŒ·ãåœã«ãªããŸããæ¬§ç±³ã®éèã¡ãžã£ãŒããã¢ãžã¢çµæžãå®ããå ±ç£äž»çŸ©åœå®¶ã®æŠå䟵æ»ã«å¯Ÿæã§ããåœã¯æ¥æ¬ãããããŸãããå°çç°å¢ä¿è·ã®åé¡ã§äžçããªãŒãã§ããæè¡ãæ¥æ¬ã¯æã£ãŠããŸãã
ç§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ããã£ãšåŒ·ãåœã«ãªããæ¿æ²»çµæžã®äžã§æ¬åœã«ã¢ãžã¢ã®çäž»ãšãªã£ãŠãããããšãé¡ã£ãŠããŸããæ¥æ¬ãšå°æ¹Ÿãæãåãåã£ãŠé 匵ãã°ããã£ãšã¢ãžã¢ã¯ãã£ãšãã°ãããçºå±ãéããããšãã§ãããšæããŸãã
çããããã°ãããæ¥æ¬ãšå°æ¹ŸããããŠæ°ããã¢ãžã¢ã®å»ºèšã®ããã«å ±ã«åªåããŠãããã§ã¯ãããŸããããã
ãæ¥æ¬æ°æã®åæ°ãäžéŠå®æ³°ã®ç€ããããšããç±èª ãèªç¶ãç¥ã ãšã®ç·å¯ãªçµã³ã€ããæŽå²ã®é£ç¶æ§ãæåã®å¥¥æ·±ãç¬åµæ§ãªã©ããããŠãæ¥æ¬ãããææ¥ã®ææã®åº§æšè»žã®äžã€ãšãªã£ãŠãããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãã§ãããããã
ãããããã®å ç«¥ãã¡ããã°ãã°èŠèãã«æ¥ãŠãããè£çŠãªæ¥æ¬äººã®åäŸããå€å ãã¡ã®æè£ ã®æšããªã®ãèŠãŠãèªåã®çãŠããæãããããªè¡£æãè±ãã§äžããããšãããã髪ã«çµã£ããªãã³ãæ«ã食ã垯ãããŠã¯æèŒªãŸã§ããšã£ãŠããŒã©ã³ãã®åäŸãã¡ã«äžããããšããããããªããšã¯äžåºŠãäºåºŠã§ã¯ãªãããã°ãã°ãã£ãã
ããŒã©ã³ãåœæ°ããŸãé«å°ãªåœæ°ã§ãããæ ã«ãããããã¯äœæãŸã§ãæ©ãå¿ããªãåœæ°ã§ããããšãæ¥æ¬äººã«åããããæ¥æ¬äººãããŒã©ã³ãã®å ç«¥ã®ããã«å°œãããŠãããããšã¯ãããŒã©ã³ãã¯ããšããç±³åœã§ãåºãç¥ãããŠããã
ããã«ãããŒã©ã³ãåœæ°ã¯æ¥æ¬ã«å¯Ÿããæãæ·±ãå°æ¬ãæãæ·±ãæéãæãæ·±ãææ©ãæãæž©ããåæ ãææ ãæã£ãŠããããšãäŒãããããã
æ
å ±çµ±å¶ã«ããäžæ¹çãªèŠæ¹ããæããããªãã£ãæä»£ã¯çµããããªããã°ãªããŸããã
åã©ããã¡ã®ããã«ïŒå€æ¹é¢ã®æ
å ±ãåæãïŒèªãããæ£ããæ¥æ¬å²èгãäœãäžãïŒåºããŠãããŸãããã
ãããïŒæªæ¥ã圢äœãç€ãšãªããŸãã