æ¿åºãã¡ãã£ã¢ã黿®ºããæ¥æ¬ã®å§¿#2(極æ±åœéè»äºè£å€)
äžçã¯æ¥æ¬ãã©ã®ããã«èŠãŠããã®ãã
æ¥æ¬ã®æ¿åºãã¡ãã£ã¢ãèªããªãæ±äº¬è£å€ãšã¯?
æ±äº¬è£å€(極æ±åœéè»äºè£å€)ã®è©³çްã«ã€ããŠã¯ïŒã¯ã°ããšåé¡ç¹ãçåãå±ããèšäºãå±±ã»ã©åºãŠããŸãã®ã§èª¿ã¹ãŠããã ããšããŠïŒæ¿åºã»è¡æ¿ã®å ¬åŒèŠè§£ãšããŠã¯ïŒå€åçã®ãæŽå²åé¡Q&Aãã«èšèŒãããŠããŸãã
å7ãæ¥µæ±åœéè»äºè£å€ã«å¯ŸããŠãæ¥æ¬æ¿åºã¯ã©ã®ããã«èããŠããŸããã
極æ±åœéè»äºè£å€ïŒæ±äº¬è£å€ïŒã¯ãæŠåŸãé£ååœãæ¥æ¬äººã®é倧æŠäºç¯çœªäººãè£ãããã«èšçœ®ãããè£å€ã§ã28åãå¹³åã«å¯Ÿãã眪ã人éã«å¯Ÿãã眪çã«ãã起蚎ãããç æ»ãŸãã¯å 蚎ãšãªã£ãè 以å€ã®25åãæçœªå€æ±ºãåãããã®ã§ãã
ãã®è£å€ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ§ã ãªè°è«ãããããšã¯æ¿ç¥ããŠããŸãããæãåœã¯ããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³å¹³åæ¡çŽç¬¬11æ¡ã«ãããæ¥µæ±åœéè»äºè£å€æã®è£å€ãå諟ããŠãããåœãšåœãšã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããŠããã®è£å€ã«ã€ããŠç°è°ãè¿°ã¹ãç«å Žã«ã¯ãªããšèããŠããŸãã
ïŒåè1ïŒãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³å¹³åæ¡çŽç¬¬11æ¡
ãšèšèŒãããŠããïŒæèš³ããã°
ã1951幎ã®ãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³æ¡çŽãå諟ããªããšïŒåœ¢åŒäžã§ãç¬ç«ãããŠããããïŒããšãåé¡ããã£ããšããŠãå®äž»åœæ§ã«éããããã«ã¯ãããªãã®ã§èª¿æ»ãåè«ãã§ããŸãããã
ãšããããšã§ãã
ã§ã¯ïŒå€©äžã®NHKã¯?ãšèŠãŠã¿ããšïŒãNHK for Schoolããšããå°åŠçåãã®ææã«ä»¥äžã®ãããªèšè¿°ããããŸããã

ãããïŒNHKããããèŠãå°åŠçã¯ïŒ
ãè£ãããã®ã¯æŠäºãèµ·ããã人ã
ïŒAçŽæŠç¯ïŒç¯çœªäººïŒæªäººã
ãšããæããŸãããç§ãããæããããŸããããAçŽããšã¯
AçŽç¯çœª : å¹³åã«å¯Ÿãã眪
BçŽç¯çœª : æŠäºç¯çœª
CçŽç¯çœª : 人éã«å¯Ÿãã眪
ãšããé£ååœãåæã«èŠå®ããåºåã§ããããšãæããïŒ"AçŽæŠç¯"ãšèšããããš"æŠäºç¯çœªäººã®äžã§ãç¹ã«æ¥µæªééã®æªäºº"ãšæã£ãŠããŸããŸãããã
æããŠãæå¡ãå
šãçãããšãããŸãããåæ¥æ¥æçµã¯ïŒãšã«ããæ¥æ¬ãè²¶ãããã®ã§ïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿã«çå®ã¯æãããŸããã
ã§ã¯ïŒå®éã«æ±äº¬è£å€ã«é¢ãã£ã人ãã¡ã¯ïŒæ±äº¬è£å€ãã©ãè©äŸ¡ããŠããã®ã?
ãç§ããæ¥æ¬ãšã®æŠäºã®å šãŠããæŠäºã«å ¥ããããšããç人(ã«ãŒãºãã«ã)ã®æ¬²æã§ãã£ããšè¿°ã¹ããšãããããã«ãŒãµãŒãåæããã
ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯èª€ãã ã£ããã
ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯å²äžææªã®åœåã ãããç±³åœãåãç«å Žã ã£ãããæ¥æ¬ãšåãããã«æŠã£ãã ãããã
ããã®ãããªè£å€ãè¡ãããã®ã§æ¯åã«ã¯è»äººã«ãªãããšãçŠãããã
ãç§ã¯æåæ¥æ¬ã«çãããšãã«ã¯ãããã¯ãšãã§ããªãäºä»¶ãåŒãåãããã®ã ãšãåŸæããªãã§ããªãã£ãããããã«ãã®åŸãçš®ã 調æ»ãç ç©¶ããŠãããã¡ã«ãç§ã©ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§èããŠããããšãšã¯å šç¶éã§ãã£ãŠãæ¥æ¬ã«ã¯20幎éäžè²«ããäžç䟵ç¥ã®å ±åè¬è°ãªããŠæããŠãªãã£ãããšã«ç¢ºä¿¡ãæã€ã«ããã£ãããããã£ãŠã起蚎äºå®ã¯ãå šéšç¡çœªã§ãããããããããã¯åŒè·äººã§ããç§ã2幎åãè²»ãããããããæ€èšãå ããŠããããããã«å°éãåŸãçµè«ã§ããããããã£ãŠãè£å€å®ãæ€äºã¯ãŸã ãªããªããã®æ®µéã«å°éããŠããªãã ãããšæ³åããããããã倿±ºãéããããŠåž°åœããç§ã®å¿æ®ãã§ããã
ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯ããã€ãã®é倧ãªèª€å€ãå«ãã®ã¿ãªãããå šäœãšããŠã埩è®ã®ææ ã«é§ããããå ¬æ£ãªãããè£å€ã ã£ããã
ãæã ã¯æŠäºæ³èŠãæè·ããçºã«è£å€ãããŠããã¯ãã ã£ãã®ã«ãé£ååœãæŠäºèŠã培åºçã«èžã¿ã«ãã£ãäºããæ¯æ¥èŠãã€ããããŠããã®ã ãããããã¯é ·ããã®ã ã£ãããã¡ãããåè ãšæè ãäžç·ã«è£ãäºã¯äžå¯èœã ã£ããæ±æ¢ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯åè ã«ãã埩è®åã ãšèšã£ãã®ã¯ãŸãã«æ£ããã£ãã
æ¥æ¬ã¯è¥¿æŽè«žåœã®æ€æ°å°ãè§£æŸãã眪ã«ãã£ãŠçœ°ãããããããã®ååäžçŽããããªããã¡ã«ã1960å¹ŽïŒæå35幎ïŒã«åœé£ãæ€æ°å°ãä¿æããããšãäžæ³è¡çºã§ãããšå®£èšãããã®åŸãåœé£ç·äŒãæ€æ°å°ã®ä¿æãç¯çœªãšããŠèŠå®ãããããã
ãååç匟ãšãããåœéæ³ã§çŠæ¢ãããŠããæ®èãªæŠåšã䜿çšããŠå€æ°ã®äžè¬åžæ°ã殺ããé£ååœåŽããæèèåŸ ã«ã€ããŠãæ¥æ¬ã®è²¬ä»»ãåãè³æ Œãããã®ãã ã
ãç§ã¯1928幎ãã1945幎ãŸã§ã®17幎éã®æŽå²ã2幎7ã¶æããã£ãŠèª¿ã¹ãã
ãã®äžã«ã¯ãããããæ¥æ¬äººã®ç¥ããªãã£ãåé¡ãããããããç§ã¯å€æ±ºæã®äžã«ç¶Žã£ãããã®ç§ã®æŽå²ãèªãã°ã欧米ããæãã¹ãã¢ãžã¢äŸµç¥ã®åŒµæ¬äººã§ãããšããããšããããã¯ãã ã
ãããªã®ã«ãããªãæ¹ã¯èªåãã®ååŒã«ãæ¥æ¬ã¯ç¯çœªãç¯ããã®ã ãã æ¥æ¬ã¯äŸµç¥ã®æŽæãæ¢ããŠããã®ã ããšæããŠããã
æºå·äºå€ãã倧æ±äºæŠäºã«ãããçå®ã®æŽå²ããã©ããç§ã®å€æ±ºæãéããŠååç ç©¶ããŠããã ãããã
欧米諞åœã¯æ¥æ¬ãäŸµç¥æŠäºãè¡ã£ããšããããšãæŽå²ã«ãšã©ããããšã«ãã£ãŠãèªåãã®ã¢ãžã¢äŸµç¥ã®æ£åœæ§ãèªç€ºããç®çã§ãã£ãã«ã¡ãããªããæ¥æ¬ã®ååŒãããããããçœªæªæãèè² ã£ãŠãåå±ãéå»ã«æµããŠããã®ããç§ã¯å¹³ç¶ãšèŠéããèš³ã«ã¯ãããªãã誀ããã圌ãã®å®£äŒãææããã誀ãããæŽå²ã¯æžãæããããªããã°ãªããªããã
ãæ¥æ¬ã¯åœéæ³ã«ç §ãããå šè¢«åã¯ç¡çœªã§ãããã
ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãã€ã®ãªã¹ãæ¥æ¬ã1941幎ã«ãããããããªç¶æ³ã«çœ®ãããã°ãæŠäºã«èšŽããŠãããããããªãã®ã§ããã
ãæ±äº¬è£å€ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ãäŸµç¥æŠäºããã£ãããšãæ²çœ°ããè£å€ã ããç¡æå³ã«åž°ããããããããããããããªããªãããã蚎远ããååã¢ã¡ãªã«ããæããã«è²¬ä»»ãããããã§ãããã
ã圌ã(æ¥æ¬)ã¯è¬çœªãå¿ èŠãšããããšãªã©ãæã ã«ã¯ããŠããªããããæ ãã€ã³ãã¯ãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³è¬åäŒè°ã«ã¯åå ããªããè¬åæ¡çŽã«ã調å°ããªããã
ãæ¥æ¬ã®æŠäºè²¬ä»»ãåããªãã°ããããã以åã®é人éçãªæ¯é ãšç¥å¥ªãã€ã¥ããæ¬§ç±³ã®è²¬ä»»ã¯ã©ããªãã®ããæã ã¢ãžã¢è«žåœã¯æ¥æ¬ãæ¥ãããšã§æ€æ°å°æ¯é ããè§£æŸããè¿ä»£åããããããããã
å®éã«æ±äº¬è£å€ã«é¢ãã£ãå€ãã®è£å€å®ãå€äºïŒåŒè·å£«ïŒããã«ã¯GHQã§ããé£ååœã®è²¬ä»»éãã®ããã®è¶çªã ãšå
¬èšãïŒæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãªã欧米ã®è²¬ä»»ã«èšåããŠããã«ããããããïŒåœäºåœãããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³æ¡çŽãå諟ããŠããã®ã ããäœãèšããŸãããã£ãŠèšã£ãŠãæç¹ã§ããç¬ç«åœãããªããšããããšã¯æããã§ããã
çŸåšã§ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãæ¿åºãïŒæ±æ¡éŠçžãã¯ããå€ãã®æ¹ããæŠç¯ããšåŒã¶ããšãæ¢ããããšããããªããæ¥æ¬ã¯ïŒå€æ¥ããåŠåãããŠçœªãåã£ããïŒããç¯çœªè
ãããªããªãã¯ããªã®ã«ã
ãä»ã®æ¥æ¬ãããã®ã¯ïŒé£ååœãç±³åœãèº«ãæºããŠå€§çœªãç¯ããæ¥æ¬ã®æŽèµ°ãæ¢ããŠããããããã§ãããã ããïŒæŠäºãæåããæªè
ã¯åŠçœ°ãããŠåœç¶ããšããè§£éãããã®ãªã誀ã£ãæŽå²èгãèå»¶ã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã®çµæïŒé«åŠæŽã§ããã»ã©ïŒæ¥æ¬äººã倧éèæ®ºããç±³åœã瀌è³ããããŠããã®ã宿
ã§ããæ¥æ¬åŠè¡äŒè°ã¯ãã®å
žåã§ãã
ååã®#1ã§åãäžãã倧æ±äºæŠäºã®éæŠã®çµç·¯ãããã§ããïŒæ¥æ¬åœæ°ã®å€ããé£ååœãé ããŠããäºå®ãç¥ãæš©å©ãšçŸ©åããããŸãã
ã¡ãªã¿ã«ïŒ
ãå€§æŠæã®é£ååœã®è±èªè¡šèšã¯"United Nations"
ãçŸåšã®åœé£(åœéé£ç)ã®è±èªè¡šèšã"United Nations"
ããªãã¡ïŒæ¥æ¬ä»¥å€ã§ã¯ïŒ"åœé£ïŒé£ååœ"ã¯åžžèã§ããæ¥æ¬åã䜿ãåããŠå¥Žãã«å¿åºŠããŠããå§æ¯ãªæ¥æ¬æ¿åºã«åãæ°ããããŠããŸãã
æ¥æ¬ã建åœããæºå·åœã®å©æš©ãæ¥æ¬ãç¬ãå ãããŠãããšè
¹ãç«ãŠïŒåãåãèŠæ±ããŠæããããæ¥æ¬ãå
µç³§æ»ãã«ããŠå€§æŠã«èªå°ãïŒæ¥æ¬äººãåçã§å€§éèæ®ºããæå¥ã«ãæã
ãåã£ãã®ã ããèšãããšãèãããšèšã£ãŠãé£äžãä»ãäžçãçè³ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã(9ãåœæ¡çŽïŒãªããã³èª¿æ»å£ïŒãã«ããŒããªã©å¥Žãã®è¬ç¥ã«ã€ããŠã¯ïŒãŸãå¥ã®æ©äŒã«åãäžããããšæããŸã)
äžçãåãããŠããã®ã¯æ±ºããŠãåæããªã©ã§ã¯ãªãïŒã婿š©ããšãéããå
šãŠã§ãããšããäºå®ãç¥ããªããšïŒãã€ãŸã§ãåœé£ãšãã"åœåè
"ã«éšããç¶ããŸãã
ãããªå·šæªã«å¯ŸæããŠæ¥æ¬ãåèããããšããã®ã§ãããïŒçåå¯ãªèŠæã§ã¯ã§ããŸããããã®æã«åãã§åã¯ã¯ã ïŒðã¯ã¯ã ïŒé²ã ïŒãŠã ïŒãšå¥Žãã®è¬ç¥ã«èžããããŠåæããŠããå ŽåãããããŸããã
äœãå
¥ã£ãŠããããããããªãè¬ç©ðããã以äžäœã«å
¥ããªãã®ã¯åœç¶ãšããŠïŒ
誀ã£ãæ¥æ¬ã®æŽå²ãæ£ã
ååã»æé ã°ããå ±éãããã¬ãã»æ°èãèŠãªãã§ïŒæµ·å€ã®æ å ±ãåºãéãã
æ§ã ãªæ å ±ãã€ãªãåããïŒè«ççã«èããçãã€ãã
誀ã£ãæ å ±ã«æåãããäžæ¡çãèŠéãããªã
æ¥ã ïŒãäžé ãç §ããã
ããã ãã§ïŒèŠçã¯åçã«å€ãããŸããå€ãã®äººã®èŠæ¹ã»èãæ¹ãå€ããïŒè¡åãå€ããã°ïŒæ¥æ¬ã¯å€ãããŸãã
äžçãçè³ãæªå
ãçžæã§ãããïŒåœç¶ïŒæ¥æ¬ã ãã§ã¯ç¡çã§ãã
åãå¿ãæã€äººã
ãäžçäžã§å£°ãäžãå§ããŠããŸããäžçã®è¯èããç®èŠãã人ãã¡ãšåãåããïŒãã®æªãã äžçãã¶ã¡å£ããŸãããã