
岩äœåå¥ãæ¥æ¬ãšãŠãã€ã®æ±ºæŠãæå18幎â¢
èäœæš©ãåããŠããæå18幎ã®èäœãæ¥æ¬ãšãŠãã€äººã®æ±ºæŠãã玹ä»ããŸããäžéšåèªã¿ãããããã«çŸä»£èª¿ã«ããŠããŸãããã³ã¡ã³ãã以äžãè£è¶³çãªæ
å ±ãææ³ãªã©ãä»ãå ããŠããŸãã
ïŒããŠãã€äººã®è¬ç¥
ãŠãã€äººã¯è¬ç¥ã«èœãæ°æã§ãããè¬ç¥ã«é·ããŠããããšãŠãã€æã®åŠãã¯äžçç¡æ¯ã§ãããã
ãã©ã³ã¹ã®é©åœããŠãã€äººã®è¬ç¥ã®æå®ã§ãããããã·ã¢ã®èµ€è²é©åœããŸããŠãã€äººã®é·å¹Žã«ãããèšç»çãè¬ç¥ã®çµæã§ããã
é©åœãšæŠäºããŠãã€äººã¯çµ¶ãããã®äºã€ã®äºãèšç»ããç œåãããŸãå®è¡ã«ç§»ãããšã«å°å¿µããŠãããããã¯ã©ãã®åœã«ãããŠãã€äººã«ãå ±éã®é¢å¿äºã§ããããŸããã®å¿ã®å¥¥åºã«ã²ãããŠããäºæã§ããã
ãŸã圌ãã¯æŠäºãšé©åœãåžžã«æé«åºŠã«å©çšããããšãå¿ããªãããã¡ãã圌ãã«ãšã£ãŠã¯æŠäºãã®ãã®ãŸãã¯é©åœãã®ãã®ãçã®ç®çã§ã¯ãªãã圌ãã®çã®ç®çã¯ãããå©çšããŠç§è ¹ãè¥ããããŸãã¯æ³åŸçã瀟äŒçã«åœŒãã®å°äœã®äžé²ãæ±ããã®ã§ããã

ä»ããããã©ã³ã¹é©åœã«ã€ããŠèŠãã«ããã®å€§é©åœä»¥åã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã«ããããŠãã€äººã¯æ³åŸçã«ã瀟äŒçã«ããã©ã³ã¹äººããã³ä»ã®çœè²äººãšæ±ºããŠåçãªåŸ éãåããŠããªãã£ãã圌ãã¯äžçš®ã®è³€æ°ã§ãã£ãããšããããã®å€§é©åœã®çµæã圌ãã¯ãã©ã³ã¹äººãšåã人éãšããŠåæš©ãèªããããã«è³ã£ãã圌ãã®æãããèªç±ã»å¹³çãã®çš®ãéŠå°Ÿããæå®ãçµãã ã®ã§ããã
ãã¡ãããèªç±ã»å¹³çãã®äž»çŸ©ã¯åœŒãã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ææ®µã«éããªãã£ãã®ã§ããã圌ãã¯ãããå·§ã¿ã«ãæå¹ã«å©çšããããšã«ãã£ãŠåœŒãã«èª²ããããŠããééãæ€å»ãããããšã«æåããã®ã§ããã
äœäºããªãã圌ãã¯èªåãã¡ã®æ¬²æãéããæ¹æ³ãšããŠãã©ã³ã¹äººèªãã®æã«ãã£ãŠãã©ã³ã¹ã®åœå®¶ã«èæ²»çãè¡ãããã®ã§ããã
é©åœããã©ã³ã¹ã®åœå®¶ã亡ãŒãããåŠãã¯çã è°è«ã§ãããããã®é©åœã圌ããŠãã€æãå©ããããšã¯äžç¹ã®çãã®ãªãããšã§ããããã©ã³ã¹åœæ°ã¯ãŠãã€æã®å°äœãåŒãäžããããã«èª ã«é«äŸ¡ãªç ç²ãæããããã®ã§ããããã©ã³ã¹äººã®æçŽãã¯åæ ã«å€ãã¹ãããŠãã€äººã®å¥žæºã«è³ããŠã¯å€©äººãšãã«æãã¹ããã®ãããã
ããããŠãã€äººããã©ã³ã¹ãçŠãããããšã¯ããã®ã¿ã«æ¢ãŸããªãã圌ãã¯ãã®1789幎ã®ãã©ã³ã¹é©åœã«ãã£ãŠç²åŸãããå®å šãªåžæ°æš©ãå©çšããŠããã®åŸå¹Žãšå ±ã«äžæ©äžæ©æ·±ããã©ã³ã¹åœå ã®åå±€ãåè·åã«é£ãå ¥ãããã®çµæä»åã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã®å€§æã銎å°ãããã®ã§ããã
Aããã©ã³ã¹åŽ©å£ã®çå
ä»åã®æ¬§å·å€§æŠåçºåŸæ¬æ¥ãåºã§ãªãå ã«èãããã€ãã®é»æã«ç Žæ§ãããå»å¢ã®äžã«ç«ã¡äžãã£ããã¿ã³èå°è»ãããã©ã³ã¹ãå èœãããŠæšæããããã®ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹äººã®å€åŽãå°ãç©ã«ããåœéçè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ãšåœéç瀟äŒäž»çŸ©è ïŒå ±ç£äž»çŸ©è ïŒã§ããããã®äºã€ã®ãã®ã¯è¡šé¢ã¯äºãã«æäºããŠããæ§ã§ãããããè£é¢ã§ã¯çžææºããŠãããããšæ²çãªèšãåããã®ã¯ãã®ççžãççŽã«èªã£ããã®ãšããäºãã§ããã
Bãå¯ã®å æ
äºå®ã«ãããŠãã©ã³ã¹ã¯ãŠãã€äººã«çãŸãããŠéªšãŸã§åããããæ§ãªãã®ã§ããããä»å°ãããŠãã€å ±ã倧æŠéå§åãŸã§ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã®äœå ã«ã©ã®çšåºŠã«æ·±ãå°ãå ¥ã£ãŠããããäžç¥ããŠã¿ããã
ãã©ã³ã¹ã«ã¯æŠåãŸã§æ²¢å±±ãªå¯è±ªããããããã®ãã¡æå€§ã®å¯è±ªã¯ãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãããã£ããªããã³ããããŒãã«äžäººã§ãã£ãŠãã®äžäººãšããŠãã€æã§ããã

ãã®äžå®¶ã®è²¡ç£ã®ç·é¡ã¯1500åãã©ã³ä»¥äžã§ãããããã®éé¡ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹äººå šå®æ¥å®¶ã®è³ç£ç·é¡ã®10åã§ãã£ããããããã©ã³ã¹åœå ã«ãããŠã®ãŠãã€äººã®å¯è±ªã¯å³ã®äžå®¶ã«ç¶ããŠã®7ã€ããå ããŠããããããŠãããããå¹Ÿåæ¶ãã©ã³ã®å·šå¯æ¯ãã§ãããæŽã«ãã®åŸã«ç¶ããŠã®ç¬¬äžçŽã«åœããååãã©ã³ã®æã¡äž»30åããŠãã€äººã§ãããæ¬¡ã«100äžé·è ã«ã¯300以äžã®ãŠãã€äººãæ§ããŠããã
ä»¥äžææããã ãã§ããæŠåãã©ã³ã¹ã®å¯ããŠãã€æã«ãã£ãŠå£æãããŠããããšãå€ç¶ãšç¥ããã ããã
ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åäžé·è ãåäžé·è ãªããã¯çŸäžé·è ã倧éšåãåŠãã»ãšãã©å šéšãŠãã€æã§ãã£ãããšã¯ããã§ç¥ãããšãã§ãããšããŠããããã®ãªãç¥ã£ãŠãããªããã°ãªããªãããšã¯åœŒããåèªã®é»éã®åº«ããã®ãŸãŸéã°ããŠãããªãäžäºã§ããã圌ãã¯äžæ¥ãšããã©ããã®å¯ãæ»èµããŠçœ®ããããªç¡æ¬²å®¶ã§ã¯ãªããå¯ãã°å¯ãã»ã©ãç©ããã°ç©ããã»ã©ã圌ãã¯ãŸããŸããããæå¹ãæå©ã«äœ¿ãããšãæ ããªãã
Cãå¯ã®äœ¿ç𿹿³
ããã§åœŒãã¯ãã®å·šå¯ãã©ããã颚ã«ããããŠãŸãã©ãããæ¹é¢ã«äœ¿çšããããåŠã䜿çšããŠããããšããã«ã圌ãã¯ãªã«ãããååã®ç¬å ã«äœ¿ã£ãŠãããç¬å ãç©åã®è²©å£²ãšã補é ãŸãã¯çç£ã«éã£ãŠã§ã¯ãªãããã®äž¡æ¹ã«ããã£ãŠè¡ãã®ã§ããã
ãããã«ããŠåœŒãã®æã«ãã£ãŠç¬å ãããŠããç©åãŸãã¯ç£æ¥ã®çš®ç®ã¯1937幎ã«ã¯76çš®ã®å€ãã«ããã£ãŠããã®ã§ããããããã¡ãããç¬å ããšãã£ãŠãååã®çç£ã販売ãäžæã«ç¬å ããããã§ã¯ãªããããã©ã¹ãã®åœ¢åŒã«ãã£ãŠååã®äŸçµŠæºã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€æ°ã圌ãã®æã«åããŠããŸãã®ã§ãããããå®è³ªçã«ã¯ç¬å ãšå€§å·®ã®ãªã广ããããã®ã§ããã
ä»ãããã®äžã ã®ç£æ¥ã«ã€ããŠãšããã説æããããšã¯é¿ãããšããŠããã®ãã¡ã®ïŒãïŒã«ã€ããŠå°ãèªãããšã«ããã
第äžã«è¿°ã¹ããã®ã¯è¢«æé¡ã§ãããã被æé¡ãšãã£ãŠããã®åç®ã¯çã å€ããèªäœã®è¡šé¢ãèŠãè¡£æã¯ãã¡ããã®ããšã§ããããäžçãéŽäžãéŽãªã©ãããã«å«ããããšãã§ããããŸãä»ç«ãŠæ¥ããã³åæããçŸæ¯ãæ¯ç®ãªã©ãããã®åç®äžã«å ããããšãã§ãããããŠãã€äººã¯ãããã®äžåã®åç®ããã³å·¥çšäžã®ç£æ¥ãã»ãšãã©ç¬å ããŠããã®ã§ãããå®éã«ãããŠæŠåã®ãã©ã³ã¹äººã¯ãŠãã€äººã«å©çãåããããããšãªãã«æ¥åžžè¢«æé¡ã®äœäžã€ãæã«å ¥ããããšãã§ããªãã£ãã®ã§ããããŠãã€äººã¯ããããŠç¶æ ã®äžã«å¹Žã 200åãã©ã³ä»¥äžã®å売ãããŠããã®ã§ããã
次ã«éº»é å€ã«ã€ããŠã§ãããã麻é å€ãšããã°ãã³ã«ã€ã³ãã¢ã«ãããã¢ãã³ãªã©ãããã®ã§ãããããããã®éº»é å€ã¯ç人äœã«æå®³ãªæ¯ç©ã§ããããã©ã³ã¹ã«ãããŠåãæ±ãããŠãããããæ¯ç©ã®å£²äžé«ã¯å¹Žã æ°çŸåãã©ã³ã«äžãã£ãŠãããã®ã§ããããããã¯éåžžã«å²ããå売ã§ãã£ãŠã売ãäžãé«9å²ãçŽçãšãªã£ãŠãããšããåã®ãããªä»£ç©ã§ãããããã¯äœäººãåãæ±ã£ãŠããããšããã«ã»ãšãã©å šéšããŠãã€äººã§ãã£ãããããããã¯10人ããŸãã®ããããŠå°æ°ã®ãŠãã€äººã§ãã£ãã®ã§ããã
ãããããŠãã€äººã®ç¬å äºæ¥ã§ãã£ããããªãã¡ãæŠåãã©ã³ã¹ã«ã¯14ã®äž»ãªæ ç»äŒç€Ÿããã£ããããã®çµå¶è ãŸãã¯äºå®äžã®æå¶è ã¯æããŠãã€äººã§ãã£ãããŽãŒã¢ã³äŒç€Ÿã®ã¯ã©ã€ã ããªããœäŒç€Ÿã®ãšãŒãã·ã¿ã€ã³ãã·ãã»ããªãžã¢ã³ã®ãã©ãŠã³ãããã»ãã¿ã³ã®ã¿ã³ãã·ã¢ããããã©ããŠã³ãã®ãã³ãŒã«ãã¢ã€ã¯äŒç€Ÿã®ã¢ã€ã¯ãã¿ãªãŠãã€äººã§ããã


ããæ ç»äŒç€Ÿãã¿ãªãŠãã€äººã®ç¬å ã§ãããšåæã«æ ç»ä¿³åªã倧éšåãŠãã€äººã§ãã£ãã
ãŸããããªã«ã¯æåãªãã¿ã³é£æåºãããããè³æ¬éãšç©ç«é䜵ããŠ2å200äžãã©ã³ããã®æã¡äž»ã®ã«ã»ã¬ããŠã»ããã¯ãããŸããŠãã€äººã§ããããã®å€§é£æåºã¯æ¯åº80ãæããã»ãã«ã12ã®å¥åç§°ã®å瀟ãæå¶ããŠããã
æŽã«ãäžå°éçŽè ã®æŸåãç®çãšããŠåäžã¹ãã¢ã®15瀟ãã¿ãªãŠãã€äººã®åºè³ãçµå¶ã«ä¿ãã®ã§ããã
ä»ã®ããšã¯ããŠãããæ ç»ã®äžäºã«ãããŠã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ã€ããŠãã»ãŒåãããšãèšããã®ã§ãããããªãã¡ãå·Šã®èåãª8ã€ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«æ ç»äŒç€Ÿã¯æããŠãã€äººã®æäžã«ããã®ã§ããã
â ãã©ããŠã³ã
â¡ã¡ããã»ãŽãŒã«ããŠã£ã³
â¢ç¬¬äžãã·ã§ãã«
â£ãŠãã€ãããã»ã¢ãŒãã£ã¹ã
â€ãŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº
â¥ãã©ãã¯ã¹ã»ãã£ã«ã
âŠã³ãã³ãã¢ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº
â§ã©ãžãªã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº
Dãæ ç»ç¬å ã®éè
ãŠãã€äººãããæ ç»äºæ¥ãèªå®¶ã®æäžã«å ¥ããããšã«ããã®ã¯åœŒãã®è¬ç¥ã®ç¶ããããããšã§ãããããªãã¡ãæ ç»äºæ¥ãè³æ¬èç©äžæå©ãªäºæ¥ã§ãã以å€ã«åœŒãã¯åœŒãèªèº«ã®æã«ããäžçå¶èŠã®å€§æ¥ãéæããã«ã¯ååœã®å éšåŽ©å£ãèšããã°ãªãã¬ãšããããã«ã¯éå»çãªæ ç»ã®æ®åã«ãã£ãŠé幎ç·å¥³ãå èœãžãšå°ãã«éããšèŠåœãã€ããã®ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ã圌ãã¯é幎局ã«äž¡èŠªãžã®åæãéåŸ³ç Žå£ãå®¶åºç掻åŠèªãèªç±ææã®éå»çæ°åãæ€ãã€ããåœå®¶ãžã®å¿ èª ãšãå¥å ¬ãŸãã¯ç ç²ç²Ÿç¥ãªã©å²ç¬ãã颚ãçããªããããã«å šåãæ³šãã ã®ã§ãããã圌ãã¯ãã®ç¹ã«ã€ããŠãã©ã³ã¹ã«ãããŠå€§æåãèŠãã®ã§ãããåŸã£ãŠãã©ã³ã¹ã®ããŸãã«èãã厩å£ããã®ã¯ãŠãã€äººã®æ³šå°ãè¯ãå¹ããçµæãšã¿ãã»ããªãããã¿ã³å°è»ã®åæ¯ããæãã«ãšã£ãŠã¯éå€§ãªæèšã§ããã
EããŠãã€äººèªãã®åçœ
ãŠãã€äººã®åœéçãåœå çè¬ç¥ã«ã€ããŠãªãçãè ã¯ãŠãã€äººèè¿°å®¶ã«ãã»ã°ããŒã¹ã®æ¬¡ã®å€§èãªèšãç¥ãã¹ãã§ããã
ãããããåœæ°ãšåœå®¶ã«å¯ŸãããŠãã€äººã®é°è¬ããããããã¯ãŠãã€äººã®çåã«ããé©åœãšãŠãã€è²¡é¥ã®è³æ¬ç匟å§ãšããäºéã®æ»æã§ãããã
ãŸãã·ãªã³å£ã®éŠé ã¯ã€ãºãã³ã¯ãã€ãŠã·ãªãã¹ãéŠè³è äŒè°ã«ãããŠå«ãã§ãããã
ãè¿ãå°æ¥ã«ãããŠããŠãã€æ°æã®éåã¯äžçã®æå€§åé¡ãšããŠæ±ãããã«è³ãã§ãããããããŠãã€æ°æéåã®å¢åãäžçãçµ±äžããŠäººé¡ã®æ¯é æš©ã確ä¿ããããããã¯ãŸãå察ã«å šäžçãæ¹ä¹±ããŠç€ŸäŒã埮塵ã«ç Žå£ãããããããã«ããŠãäžçã®äººé¡ç€ŸäŒãæ ¹æ¬çã«è»¢æããäžå€§å¢åã§ããããã§ãããã
ãŸããŠãã€è°å®æžã«ã次ã®ãããªæ³šç®ãã¹ãåå¥ãããã
ã諞çã¯ãããçµãŠçããã¹ãããšé èšè ã¯ãããããå šäžçã®çããã¹ãç¥èªãã«ãã£ãŠããã°ããæ°ãªãããšãæãããç¥ã¯ãããããããããåèªã®ä»»åã宿ããããã«ãã®å€©äžããããã«ä»äžããããããããšããæµã®é£å¶ã«éåžžã«å€©æããã£ãŠããããã«ææŠããŠããããšããã£ãŠããããããç¥ã®éžæ°ã«å¯ŸããŠã®æŠãã¯è·èã®æ§ã«ä»ãªããªããã
圌ãã¯ãã®äºã€ã®ç®çãéããããã«ã¯ããããææ®µã«èšŽããããšãå¿ããŠããªããåèšã®ããšãéå»çæ ç»ããã®äžã€ã®ææ®µã§ãããã仿¥äžçååœäººã®ç€ŸäŒç掻ã«ãªããŠã¯ãªãã¬ãã®ãšãªã£ãŠããæ°èããã³ãã®ãã®èšè«æ©é¢ãèªå®¶ã®æã«åããããšã«ãå šåãæ³šãããã«ã倧æåãåããŠããããŸã圌ãã¯è±å¯ãªéåã«ãã£ãŠèšè«çã«é²åºããããšã«æåãããšåæã«ãããèªå®¶ã®æ¯é äžã«åããèšè«æ©é¢ã«ãã£ãŠæ¿æ²»çã»ææ³çã«å€§ãªãé²åºããªãã以äžã«éåã®å¢å€§ãèŽããŠããã
ãæ°èã®åæ¥åãããä»äžçŽã®äžå€§çŸè±¡ã§ããããããããçŸè±¡ãèŠããã«ããã£ãã®ã¯ãŠãã€äººã®åã§ããã仿¥ã®æ°èã®é倧ãªéšéã¯å ±éãšåºåã§ãããã圌ãã¯ãã®äž¡è ãå·§ã¿ã«å©çšããŠæ°èãäžã€ã®åæ¥çäºæ¥åããã«æåããã®ã§ããã
åºåæã®ç·äžãé«ãå¢ãããã«ã¯åºåã®å䟡ãåŒãäžããå¿ èŠãããããã®å䟡ãåŒãäžããããã«ã¯åºåäž»ãæºè¶³ããææ®µãšããŠçºè¡éšæ°ãå¢ãããã°ãªããªããçºè¡éšæ°ãå¢ããããã«ã¯æ°èã®è³Œèªæã極床ã«å®ãããªããã°ãªããªãã仿¥ã®æ°èã®è³Œèªæãå°å·ä»£ä»¥äžã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã¯ãã®ããã§ããããããããŠãåºåæã®ç·äžãé«ãå€ããã°ããã§ååå©çãåŸãããã®ã§ããã
ããããæ°èã®çºè¡éšæ°ãå¢ããã«ã¯ãã æ°èã®å€æ®µãå®ãããã ãã§ã¯äžå¯èœã§ããããã®ç®çãéããããã«ã¯å ±éæ©é¢ãå®åãæ¡å ããªããã°ãªããªãããããããããŠæ¡å€§ãããæ°èã®å ±éç¶²ã¯ã忥çèæ ®ãã第äžçŸ©çãšãªã£ãŠããããã¯ã仿¥ã®æ°èã¯èå ±ãèšèŒããããšãåããªãã®ã§ããã圌ãã«ãšã£ãŠå¿ èŠãªããšã¯ãã ãããæ°èç·šéå±ãžé»å ±ã«ãã£ãŠéä¿¡å¡ããå ±éãããŠãããããšãããããã®å ±éã®å 容ã®çåœã«ããããŠã¯æ°èã®å°ããé¢ããæã§ã¯ãªãã
æªãããšã¯ããããŠããšãæ°èã®çµå¶äžã®èæ ®ã°ããããè¡ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã®æ°èã®æ¿æ²»çèæ ®ãããè¡ãããããšã§ãããããªãã¡ãæ°èã®çµå¶è ããŠãã€äººã§ãã以äžãããã®å ±éããŠãã€ã®åžæã«ãããããªãã®ã«æªæ²ãããããšãå€ãã®ã§ããã
ãããèŠããã«ã仿¥äžçã®æ°èã®å€§å€æ°ã¯ãŠãã€äººã®å¶å©æ¬²ãã¿ããããã®æ©é¢åãããŠããã®ã§ããã
äžçã®éä¿¡ç¶²ãšããã°ãéå»100幎éã«è³ããŠå ±ééä¿¡ã«çè ã®å°äœãå ããŠãããã®ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã¢ãŽã¡ã¹ããã€ãã®ãŠã©ã«ãïŒ1934幎ãã¬ã¬ã©ãã§ã³ãŠããªã³ãšå䜵ããããŸã§ïŒãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãã€ãã«ãããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®AP瀟ããã³UP瀟ã§ãããããããã¯çãŠãã€äººã®å¢åäžã«ããã





Fãååœæ¿æ²»å®¶ãšãŠãã€äºº
ãŠãã€äººã¯ãŸã欧米ååœã®æåæ¿æ²»å®¶ã®åŒ±ç¹ã«ã€ãããããšãæ ããªããããã圌ãã®å¥žæºã®äžçé±ã®è¡šçŸã§ãããã
æ¿æ²»å®¶ã®åŒ±ç¹ãšã¯æ¿æ²»å®¶ã®ã鿬 ç ãã§ãããæ¿æ²»å®¶ãšãããã®ã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ãæåéãã§ããããæ¬§ç±³ååœã«ãããŠããã®äŸã«æŽ©ããªãããšãããæ¬§ç±³è«žåœã§ã¯æ¿æ²»å®¶ã«éãèéãããã®ã¯ãŠãã€äººã®éæã¡é£äžãšå®è©ãããããã¡ããåéããæ¿æ²»å®¶ã¯é«ãå©åãæããããããããã°ããã§ã¯ãªãã圌ãã¯å¿ ã嵿š©è ãããŠãã€äººãããŠãã€äººã®ç§æžã䜿ãããšãæ¡ä»¶ãšãããããã®çµæã¯ã©ãããšããã«ããã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã®é¢ä¿ããç¯å²ã«ãããŠãæ¿æ²»ã»å€äº€ããã³è²¡æ¿ã«é¢ããäžåã®æ©é¢ããã¹ãäºæããã®ç§æžã®æãã嵿š©è ãããŠãã€äººã«æŒæŽ©ããã
ãŠãã€äººã¯ãã®ææ®µã«ãã£ãŠåœæ¿ã®æ©å¯ãäºåã«æ¢ç¥ããæ©äŒããšãããã®ã¿ãªããã財æ¿äžã®èšç»ãäºç¥ããå ¬åµã»ç€Ÿåµããã³æ ªåŒåžå Žã«ãããŠè«å€§ãªå©çãç²åŸããããšã«ãªãã
äžäžã®å€§æ¿æ²»å®¶ã§ãã£ããã€ãã®éè¡å®°çžãã¹ãã«ã¯ããã®ãŠãã€äººé貞ã®çç¥ãããŠãã€ç§æžã®äœ¿çšãäœåãªããããŠéå£ãããšã®ããšã§ããã
æŽã«æããããŠé©åãããããšã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããŠã«ãŒãºãŽã§ã«ã倧統é 就任以æ¥ãŠãã€å¢åã®æ¥æ¿ã«å ãã£ãŠããããšã§ããããŠãã€å¢åãšããã°ããŠãã€è²¡åãšæãã°ééãããªãããŸã第äžã«æããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã¯è²¡åé·å®ã®ãã³ãªãŒã»ã¢ãŠã²ã³ãœãŠã次ã«çµæžé¡§åã®ããŒããŒãã»ãã«ãŒã¯ãæŽã«ãã®æ¬¡ã«ã¯èŸ²åé·å®ã®çµæžé¡§åã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã€ã»ãšãŒããšã«ã以äžãªã沢山ãããã以äžã®äžåãæããã ãã§ãã«ãŒãºãŽã§ã«ãæ¿æš©ã«ãŠãã€ã®è²¡åãã©ããªå¢åã§æååãšãªã£ãŠãããã窺ãããã ããã



GããŠãã€äººã®é¢éç
ãŠãã€äººã¯ãŸãããã
ãååœæ°ãèªåœã®åžçãä»°ãããšæ°ãç¥ã®åŠãåŽæ¬ããŠããéã¯åœŒãã¯åžçã®å°å¶ã«æåŸããŠããããããããã圌ãã«å¯ŸããŠåžçãšé¢éããããåœæ°ã«ãæš©å©ãããšã®ææ³ãç œåçã«æ³šå ¥ããŠä»¥æ¥åœŒãã¯åžçãæ®éã®äººéãšãªããç°ãªããã®ã§ãªããšèŠãããã«ãªã£ããæã ãåœæ°ã®å¿µé ããåžçã«å¯ŸããåŽæ¬ã®èŠ³å¿µã奪ã£ããšãçå ã®åšåã¯å°ã«èœã¡ãŠãã£ãããããŠãããããŠãã€äººã¯ãã®æš©åãå ¬æç©ãšããŠååŸããã«ããã£ããã
圌ãã®å¥žæºãšæªæ¯ãçã«æªãã¹ããŸãæãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããã圌ãã¯ãªããå«ã¶ã
ãããã«å ãããããããŠãã€äººã¯å·§èšçŸèŸãçŸ åãããããŸã瀟亀ã®å瀌ãçšãããããŠéãŠãã€äººé£ã®å°åºèãåã°ã¬è«žçš®ã®æ¹æ³ãèæ¡ã®äžã倧è¡åã³åã ã®éãŠãã€äººãããããã®æã®ãŸãŸã«æçžŠããããšãã§ãããããããé è³æè ã«ãããŠã¯ãããããŠãã€äººã¯å šãé人ã§ãããããããæœæ¿ã¶ãã¯æ¥µããŠéã芳å¯ãšåæãšã«åºã¥ããã€éåžžã«èªç±ãªæšçã«ãããã®ã§ãã£ãŠäœäººãšããã©ãããããã«æ¯æµãããã®ã¯ãªããããããããã®æ¿æ²»çèšç»ã®çµæ§ããã³ããããã®ç§å¯çµç€Ÿã®å®å šããšå£å¡ã®å¢åãšã®ç¹ã«ãããŠããäœäººããããããšæ¯è©ããããšã¯ã§ããªããã
ãŠãã€äººèªãèªåãã奜çã¶ãã«ãããŠã¯ãå šãé人ã§ããããšèªèªããŠããã»ã©ã§ãããããããããã¯æ²¹æãããããã£ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã
é¢é£èšäº
ãã³ã¡ã³ãã
ãã©ã³ã¹é©åœãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æ ç»ç£æ¥ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãä»ã®èšäºã«è©³ããæžããŠããŸãã®ã§ãã¡ããåèã«ããŠããã ããŸããšå¹žãã§ãã

ãã©ã³ã¹é©åœâ
ãã©ã³ã¹é©åœâ¡
ãã©ã³ã¹é©åœâ¢
ãã©ã³ã¹é©åœâ£
ãã©ã³ã¹é©åœâ€

ããªãŠããã®èªçâ ãã£ãããªã³
ããªãŠããã®èªçâ¡ãŠãããŒãµã«ã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº
ããªãŠããã®èªçâ¢ã¯ãŒããŒã»ãã©ã¶ãŒãº
ããªãŠããã®èªçâ£MGM
ããªãŠããã®èªçâ€ãã©ããŠã³ãã»ãã¯ãã£ãŒãº
ããªãŠããã®èªçâ¥20äžçŽã¹ã¿ãžãª