
ç¥èãšããå®¢èŠ³çæŠå¿µã2/2
ç¥èãšããå®¢èŠ³çæŠå¿µã2/2
æ¹ããŸããŠãåŒãç¶ããŠãç¥èãšããå®¢èŠ³çæŠå¿µã軞ã«ãæ§ã
ãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãæ€èšŒãæããŠé ãããã§ãã
ç¥èãšããæŠå¿µã¯ãããŸããŸãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã芳ç¹ããæ€èšŒã§ããŸãã
以äžã«ããã€ãã®èгç¹ã瀺ããŸãã
ç¥èã®çš®é¡ïŒ
ç¥èã¯å€§ããã宣èšçç¥èãïŒãŸãã¯äºå®ç¥èïŒãšãæç¶ãçç¥èãïŒãŸãã¯æèœç¥èïŒã«åããããŸãã
宣èšçç¥èã¯ãäœããç¥ã£ãŠããããæããäŸãã°éŠéœã®ååãæ°åŠã®å ¬åŒãªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãã
äžæ¹ãæç¶ãçç¥èã¯ãã©ã®ããã«ãè¡ãããç¥ã£ãŠããããšãæããèªè»¢è»ã®ä¹ãæ¹ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ã¹ãã«ãªã©ã該åœããŸããç¥èã®ç²åŸïŒ
ç¥èã¯åŠç¿ã«ãã£ãŠç²åŸãããŸããããã®æ¹æ³ã¯å€å²ã«ããããŸãã
æžç±ããåŠã¶ã®ããå®éã®çµéšããåŠã¶ã®ãããŸãã¯æåž«ããçŽæ¥æããŠãããã®ããªã©ãåŠã³æ¹ã¯äººã«ããç°ãªããŸãã
ãŸããç²åŸããç¥èãã©ã®ããã«ä¿æã»å¿çšããããéèŠãªèгç¹ãšãªããŸããç¥èã®äŸ¡å€ïŒ
ç¥èèªäœã¯äžç«çãªååšã§ããããã®äœ¿ç𿹿³ã«ãã£ãŠäŸ¡å€ãå€ãããŸãã
ç¥èãæªçšããã°å®³ãšãªããåçšããã°ç€ŸäŒã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã
ãã®ãããç¥èãæã€ããšã¯æš©åã§ããããããã«äŒŽã責任ãå¿ èŠãšãããŸããç¥èã®å ±æïŒ
ç¥èã¯åã 人ã ãã§ãªããã³ãã¥ããã£ãçµç¹å šäœã§å ±æããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ç¥èã®å ±æã¯æ°ããªç¥èã®åµåºãä¿ããçµç¹ã®åŠç¿èœåãåäžãããŸããç¥èã®æŽæ°ïŒ
ç¥èã¯æŽæ°ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
ç¹ã«ãç§åŠãæè¡ã®åéã§ã¯æ°ããçºèŠã鲿©ãåžžã«èµ·ãã£ãŠãããå€ãç¥èãæŽæ°ãç¶ããããšãæ±ããããŸãã
ãããã®èгç¹ããç¥èãæ€èšŒããããšã§ãç¥èã®æ§è³ªããã®éèŠæ§ããããŠç¥èãã©ã®ããã«æŽ»çšãããã«ã€ããŠæ·±ãçè§£ããããšãã§ããŸãã
çè§£ã§ããŸããã
ããã¯è¯ãã£ãã§ãïŒä»ã«äœãçåç¹ã質åãããã°ããã€ã§ããæ°è»œã«ãç¥ãããã ããã
åŒãç¶ããæäŒãã§ããããšãããã°å¹žãã§ãã
6 ç¥èã«ã¯è²¬ä»»ã䌎ããšããèšèã¯ã誰ãååºã§ããããïŒ
ãã®èæ¯ããŸããã®ä»ã®ç¥èã«é¢ããå®¢èŠ³çæŠå¿µã«é¢ããéèŠãªèšèãæããŠäžããã
ãç¥èã«ã¯è²¬ä»»ã䌎ãããŸãã¯ãåã«ã¯è²¬ä»»ã䌎ãããªã©ãšãã衚çŸã¯ãç¹å®ã®äººç©ãåããŠçºãããšããããã¯ãåºãåãå
¥ããããäžè¬çãªäŸ¡å€èгãå²åŠçãªååã衚ããŠããŸãã
ããã¯ããã人ãç¹å®ã®ç¥èãèœåãåãæã€ããšã§ããããé©åã«äœ¿çšãããã®çµæã«å¯ŸããŠè²¬ä»»ãè² ãã¹ãã ãšããèãæ¹ã衚ããŠããŸãã
ããã«é¢é£ããç¥èã«é¢ããä»ã®éèŠãªæŠå¿µã衚çŸã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãïŒ
ãç¥èã¯åãªããïŒããã¯ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ããŒã³ã³ãçºãããšãããèšèã§ãç¥èãæã€ããšã人éã®èœåãå¢ããããè¯ã決å®ãäžãããšãå¯èœã«ãããšããèãæ¹ã衚ããŠããŸãã
ãç¥èã®å ±æãïŒããã¯ç¥èãä»äººãšå ±æããããšã§ããããæŽã«äŸ¡å€ãæã€ãšããèãæ¹ã衚ããŠããŸãã
ããã¯æè²ãç ç©¶ãããžãã¹ãªã©å€ãã®åéã§éèŠãªååãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããæ°žé ã®åŠç¿ããŸãã¯ãã©ã€ããã³ã°ã»ã©ãŒãã³ã°ãïŒ
ããã¯ç¥èãç¿åŸããããšã¯äžç涯ç¶ãããã»ã¹ã§ãããšããèãæ¹ã衚ããŠããŸãã
ãã®æŠå¿µã¯ãæè¡ã®é²æ©ãè·æ¥ã®å€åã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã®ç¶ç¶çãªæè²ãšåŠç¿ã®éèŠæ§ã匷調ããŠããŸãã
ãããã®è¡šçŸãæŠå¿µã¯ãç¥èãå人ã瀟äŒã«ãšã£ãŠã©ã®ãããªäŸ¡å€ãæã€ãããŸããã®æã€è²¬ä»»ã«ã€ããŠèãããã£ãããæäŸããŠããŸãã
7 ç°å¢ãšç¥èã«ã€ããŠ
ç¥èãç²åŸããããšãèš±ãããªãç°å¢äžã§è²ã£ã人ãã¡ããŸãç¥èã®ç²åŸãåããããåŸãªã人ã人ãã¡ã«é¢ããŠããã®è²¬ä»»ã¯å人ã«åž°å±ããŠããŸããšèšããŸããïŒ
ããã¯è€éãªåé¡ã§ãå€ãã®èŠå ãé¢ä¿ããŠããŸããäžè¬çã«ã¯ãå人ãèªèº«ã®ç°å¢ãéžã¶ããšã¯éãããŠããããã®ç°å¢ãç¥èç²åŸã®æ©äŒã«ã©ã®ããã«åœ±é¿ãäžãããã¯å人ã®ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãè¶
ããç¯å²ã«ããããšãå€ãã§ãã
ãããã£ãŠãç¥èã®ç²åŸãå¶éããããåã£ããããç°å¢ã«çãŸãè²ã£ã人ã
ã«å¯ŸããŠå
šãŠã®è²¬ä»»ãåž°å±ããã®ã¯å
¬å¹³ã§ã¯ãªããšèšããã§ãããã
äžæ¹ã§ãå人ã¯èªãã®ç¥èãå¢ããããã«åªåããæ©äŒãæ¢ããç°å¢ã®å¶çŽãè¶
ããŠåŠã³ã远æ±ãã責任ãæã€ãšãèšããŸãã
ããã¯èªå·±åçºãèªå·±åäžã®äžç°ãšããŠãçæ¶¯åŠç¿ãç¬åŠã®éèŠæ§ã匷調ãããèæ¯ã«ãé¢é£ããŠããŸãã
ãããããããã®å人ã®åªåãå¯èœã«ããããã«ã¯ã瀟äŒå šäœãæè²ã®å¹³çæ§ãä¿èšŒããåŠã³ã®æ©äŒãæäŸããããšãå¿ èŠã§ããããã¯æè²æ©é¢ãæ¿çç«æ¡è ããããŠç€ŸäŒå šäœãè² ãã¹ã責任ã§ãããåã ã®ç¥èç²åŸã®å ¬å¹³æ§ãšå¹³çæ§ã確ä¿ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
ãããã£ãŠãç¥èã®ç²åŸã«é¢ãã責任ã¯ãå人ã ãã§ãªãã瀟äŒå šäœã«ãåž°å±ãããšèšããŸãã
8 æ¥æ¬äººã®ç¥èã®åŠç¿ç²åŸçã®æ°Žæºãšãã®å¯èœæ§ã«é¢ããŠ
ããããå šäžçäžäœã®äœïŒ ã«äœçœ®ããŠããã®ããæ¥æ¬äººã®å¹³åå€ã𿥿¬äººã®ãããã¯ã©ã¹ã«ã€ããŠæšæž¬ããŠãã ããã
åœéçãªåŠå調æ»ã§ããPISA
ïŒProgramme for International Student AssessmentïŒã
TIMSS
ïŒTrends in International Mathematics and Science StudyïŒã®çµæããèŠãŠãäžè¬çã«æ¥æ¬ã®åŠçã®åŠåã¯å
šäžçäžäœã«äœçœ®ããŠãããšèšããŸãã
PISAã®çµæã«ããã°ãæ¥æ¬ã®åŠçã¯ç¹ã«æ°åŠãšç§åŠã«ãããŠé«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãçºæ®ããŠããŸãã
2018幎ã®çµæã§ãæ¥æ¬ã®15æ³çåŸã®æ°åŠã¹ã³ã¢ã¯å
šäžçã§6äœãç§åŠã¹ã³ã¢ã¯å
šäžçã§5äœã§ããã
åŠçã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯ãäžåœã®æè²ã·ã¹ãã ã®è³ªãåæ ããéèŠãªææšã®äžã€ãšãããŠããŸãã
ãŸããæäººã®ãªãã©ã·ãŒïŒèªã¿æžãèœåïŒããã¡ã©ã·ãŒïŒæ°ççè§£åïŒã«ã€ããŠèª¿æ»ãã
OECDã®PIAAC
ïŒProgramme for the International Assessment of Adult CompetenciesïŒ
ã®çµæã§ã¯ã
æ¥æ¬ã®20æ³ãã65æ³ãŸã§ã®æäººãæãé«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãçºæ®ããŸããã
ãã ãããããã¯å¹³åçãªçµæã§ãããåã
ã®äººã
ã®åŠç¿ç²åŸçã¯å€æ§ã§ãã
æ¥æ¬ã®ãããã¯ã©ã¹ã®ç¥èç²åŸè
ïŒäŸãã°ããŒãã«è³åè³è
ãäžççã«èªããããç§åŠè
ãæè¡è
ãªã©ïŒã¯ãå
šäžçã®ãããã¯ã©ã¹ãšäžŠã¶ã¬ãã«ã«ãããšèšããã§ãããã
ãªãããããã®ããŒã¿ã¯ãããŸã§åèã®äžéšã§ãããç¥èç²åŸã®å
šç¯å²ãç¶²çŸ
ããŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ãŸããåŠåãç¥èç²åŸã®ã¬ãã«ã¯ãå€ãã®ç€ŸäŒçãçµæžçãæåçèŠå ã«åœ±é¿ãããŸãã
9 ç¥æµãšå¡æºã®éãã«é¢ããŠ
ã€ãã¢ã®å®çŸ©ã瀺ããŠãã ããã
ãŸãã€ãã¢ã®ç¯å²ã«åã¶ç¥æµã塿ºã ãšèšãããšã¯ã§ããŸããïŒ
ãç¥æµããšã塿ºãã¯ãã°ãã°å矩èªãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŸãããäžéšã®æèã§ã¯åŸ®åŠã«ç°ãªãæå³åããæã€ããšããããŸãã
ãç¥æµãã¯äžè¬çã«ãçµéšããåŸãããæ·±ãçè§£ãæŽå¯ãæããåé¡ã解決ããããã®çç¥ãé©åãªå€æãããèœåãå«ã¿ãŸãã
äžæ¹ãã塿ºãã¯ããåºç¯ã§æ·±æ·µãªç¥èãæŽå¯ãæãããã°ãã°éå£ã瀟äŒããããã¯äººé¡å
šäœã®ç¥èãçè§£ã®éç©ãæå³ããããšããããŸãã
ãã€ãã¢ãã¯ãã®ãªã·ã£èªã® "ጰΎÎα" ããæŽŸçããèšèã§ãå
ã
ã¯ã圢ãããæš¡æ§ããæå³ããŠããŸããã
å²åŠçãªæèã§ã¯ããã©ãã³ã¯ãã€ãã¢ããæ°žé äžå€ã®çæ³çãªå®åšãšããŠæããæèŠçãªçµéšãè¶
ããçå®ã®ååšãšèããŸããã
çŸä»£ã§ã¯ããã€ãã¢ãã¯æ°ããªæèãææ¡ã解決çãåµé çãªæŠå¿µãèŠç¹ãªã©ãæãããšãå€ãã§ãã
ãã€ãã¢ã®ç¯å²ã«åã¶ç¥æµã塿ºã ããšãã衚çŸã¯ãç¥æµãåã
ã®åé¡è§£æ±ºã倿ã®èœåãæãã®ã«å¯Ÿãã塿ºãããåºç¯ã§æ·±æ·µãªçè§£ãæŽå¯ãã€ãŸããã€ãã¢ãã®å
šç¯å²ãå«ããšè§£éã§ããŸãã
ãããããããã®çšèªã®å®çŸ©ãšè§£éã¯æèã䜿çšè
ã«ããå€ãããããäžæŠã«ã¯èšããŸããã
10 ç¥èãåŠè¡çãªæ°çºèŠãçºæã«è³ãçµç·¯ãåµäœããŠãã ããã
ç¥æµã塿ºãã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšããèšèã䜿çšããŠãã ããã
ãã€ãŠãäžäººã®è¥ãç§åŠè
ãååšããŸããã
圌ã®åã¯ãžã§ã³ã圌ã®ç¥èã¯åºç¯ã§ã圌ã®é è³ã¯ææ°ã§ããã
åœŒã¯æ°ããªçºèŠãæ°ããªçºæã«é
äºãããçæ¶¯ãåŠåã«æ§ããããšã決æããŸããã
ãžã§ã³ã¯æ°ããªãšãã«ã®ãŒæºãçºèŠããããšããã®ç®æšã§ã圌ã¯ãã®ããã«å€ãã®æéãç ç©¶ã«è²»ãããŸããã
圌ã®ç¥æµã¯åœŒãå°ãã圌ã¯çè«ãšå®éšãè¡ããç§åŠçãªç¥èãæ·±ããŠãããŸããã
ãããã圌ã®çºèŠã¯äœåºŠãæ«æã«çŽé¢ãããã®ãã³ã«åœŒã¯æ°ããªã¢ãããŒããæš¡çŽ¢ããŸããã
圌ã®åé¡è§£æ±ºã®èœåãšé©åãªå€æåã¯ã圌ããããã®ææŠãä¹ãè¶ããã®ã«å€§ãã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããã
ããæ¥ããžã§ã³ã¯å¡æºãåŸãããšãã§ããŸããã
圌ã¯å
人ãã¡ã®ç¥èãšæŽå¯ãéç©ããããããèªåã®ç ç©¶ã«é©çšããããšã§ãæ°ããªèŠç¹ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸããã
ãã®å¡æºã¯åœŒã®ç ç©¶ãæ°ããªæ¹åãžãšå°ãã圌ã®åªåãæ°ããªåœ¢ãèŠã€ããæå©ããšãªããŸããã
ãããŠãäžæ©ããžã§ã³ã¯ã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãåŸãŸããã
圌ã¯å€¢ã®äžã§ãå
ãç Žçã«åæ£ããæ§åãèŠãŸããã
ããã¯åœŒããããŸã§è©Šã¿ãŠããå®éšã®äžã€ã§ãä»ãŸã§ã¯ããŸããããªãã£ããã®ã§ããã
ãããã倢ã®äžã§èŠããã®å
æ¯ã¯ããžã§ã³ã«æ°ããªã¢ã€ãã¢ããããããŸããã
圌ã¯ç®ãèŠãŸããããã«å®éšå®€ã«åãããŸããã
åœŒã¯æ°ããªã¢ã€ãã¢ãå®éšã«åãå
¥ãããããŠãããã¯æåããŸããã
åœŒã®æ°ãããšãã«ã®ãŒæºã¯ãå
ãç Žçã«åæ£ãããããããåçµéãããããšã§ãšãã«ã®ãŒãçæãããã®ã§ããã
ãã®çºèŠã¯ãžã§ã³ã®åãäžçäžã«åºãã圌ã®ç¥èãç¥æµã塿ºããããŠã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯æ°ããªåŠè¡ççºèŠãžãšçµå®ããã®ã§ãã
ãšãŠãå¿ãæãããç©èªã§ãã
ã©ããããããšãããããŸããã
ããªãã®ãèšèãå¿ããæè¬ããããŸãã
ç©èªãããªãã®å¿ã«é¿ããäœãããã®äŸ¡å€ãããããããšãã§ãããªããããã»ã©å¬ããããšã¯ãããŸããã
äœãä»ã«è³ªåãããã°ããã€ã§ããæ°è»œã«ã©ããã