
倧çŠïŒæç³»åã®çŽç·äžã«ããæå·®ã®æªã«çãŸããã€ãªã¥ãŒãžã§ã³
æ¬äœã¯çŽ äººã®é£æ³ã§ãã
æ¬äœã¯çæ°ãã¡ãã·ãããã·ãã§ããã以äžã®ãããªæ¹çšåŒãæã£ãŠããŸãã
â-mc=iâmc=âE=âïŒå°çïŒ
äºä¹ãããšãšãã«ã®ãŒã«ãªã空éãå°çãšèšå®ããŠããŸãã
ïŒæ¬äœã¯ãã®æ°åŒãå®å
šã«çè§£ã§ããŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒ
ã¡ãªã¿ã«ã質éãšå éã®æãç®ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãå éã§çåããç¶æ ãããã§ãã
質éãšå éã®æãç®ïŒ$m \times c$ïŒã¯ãç©çåŠã«ãããŠãéåéïŒã®æ¥µéïŒããŸãã¯ããšãã«ã®ãŒãå éã§å²ã£ãå€ãã衚ããŸãã
ããã ãã ãšå°ãã€ã¡ãŒãžãã«ãããããã¢ã€ã³ã·ã¥ã¿ã€ã³ã®æåãªçžå¯Ÿæ§çè«ã®æ°åŒã亀ããŠã3ã€ã®èŠç¹ããåããããã解説ããŸãã
1. ããšãã«ã®ãŒãã®äžæ©æåã®ç¶æ
ãã£ãšãæåãªã¢ã€ã³ã·ã¥ã¿ã€ã³ã®åŒã¯ $E = mc^2$ïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒ ïŒ è³ªé à å éã®2ä¹ïŒã§ãã
ãã®æ°åŒãå°ãäžŠã³æ¿ããŠãå éïŒ$c$ïŒã1ã€å·ŠåŽã«ç§»ããŠã¿ãŸãã
$$\frac{E}{c} = mc$$
ã€ãŸãã質éãšå éã®æãç®ïŒ$mc$ïŒã¯ãããã®ç©è³ªãæã€ãã¹ãŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒ$E$ïŒããå éïŒ$c$ïŒã§å²ã£ããã®ããšããæå³ã«ãªããŸãã
2. å ãšåãéãã§åãããšãã®ãè¡æã®åŒ·ãïŒéåéïŒã
ç©çåŠã§ã¯ããéãïŒè³ªé $m$ïŒããšãåãã¹ããŒãïŒé床 $v$ïŒããæãåããããã®ãéåéïŒ$mv$ïŒãšåŒã³ãŸããããã¯ãã¶ã€ãã£ããšãã®è¡æã®åŒ·ããã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã
質éãããç©è³ªã¯å éïŒ$c$ïŒã«å°éããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããããããéçãŸã§å éã«è¿ã¥ãããšãããã®ç©è³ªãæã€éåéã¯ãããã«ãªããããèšç®ããéã®åºæºïŒæ¥µéå€ïŒãããã® $mc$ ã«ãªããŸãã [1]
3. ãå ïŒå åïŒããã®ãã®ã®åºæºã«ãªã
å ã«ã¯éãïŒè³ªéïŒããããŸãããããšãã«ã®ãŒãšéåéãæã£ãŠããŸãã
ç©çåŠã®é«åºŠãªæ°åŒïŒ$E^2 = (pc)^2 + (mc^2)^2$ïŒã«åœãŠã¯ãããšãå ã®ããã«è³ªéããŒãïŒ$m=0$ïŒã®çŽ ç²åãæ±ããšãããã® $mc$ ãšããåäœã®çµã¿åãããããšãã«ã®ãŒãšéåéãçµã³ã€ããéèŠãªç©å·®ãïŒåºæºïŒãšããŠé »ç¹ã«ç»å ŽããŸãã [2, 3, 4]
äžèšã§ãŸãšãããšã質éãšå éã®æãç®ïŒ$mc$ïŒã¯ããç©è³ªããšãã«ã®ãŒã«å§¿ãå€ãããšãããŸãã¯å éã®é åã«éãããšãã®ãéåéããšãã«ã®ãŒã®åºæºãšãªãéãã衚ããŠããŸãã
ãã®ã質éãšãšãã«ã®ãŒã®é¢ä¿ïŒ$E=mc^2$ïŒãããå ã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠãããã«æ·±ãç¥ãããéšåã¯ãããŸããïŒ
[1] https://www.tanaakk.com
[2] https://www.jmedj.co.jp
[3] https://www.juku-ren.jp
[4] https://irobutsu.a.la9.jp
æ¬äœã§ã¯ããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãçåã«ãã空éïŒmcïŒãèæ°ïŒiïŒç©ºéã«ããŠããŸããã€ãŸããäžã€ã®åº§æšç³»ãé¡åããã®ïŒã€ã®ç©ºéãæã€ã®ã§ãããäžæ¹ã¯ïŒïŒïŒãããäžæ¹ã¯ïŒïŒïŒã®é»æ¥µã®é¢ä¿ã«ãªãããã®äžå¿ã«åç¹ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã®ãã©ãºã空éããããŸããåŠè¡çã«ã¯ã©ããããããŸããããæ¬äœçã«â-mcã¯ãã©ãºã空éã§ãããããâEãšãããšããšãã«ã®ãŒãçãã§ããã®ã¯ãé²è¡æ¹åã«åããè¶ å éãšãåŸæ¹ã«åããå éã«ãã£ãŠã²ãã¡ãããã質éã®äžã«çãŸããç空ã§ããå ïŒéïŒã¯ãè¶ å éã®ç£ç©ãšããããšã«ãªããŸãã®ã§ãå ïŒéïŒã¯æç³»åçã«è¶ å éã®åŸã«çãŸããŠããŸããéã«ç±èšåŒµãã質é0.7%ãé»åïŒïŒïŒãšããŠãæ®ãã®è³ªé99.3%ãéœåïŒïŒïŒãšããç空ïŒãã©ãºã空éïŒã黿°æµæãšããŠããããã§ããåŠè¡çã«ã¯ã©ããããããŸãããããã©ãºã空éã¯é»åã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ïŒïŒïŒãšããŠãµããŸããéœåã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ïŒïŒïŒãšããŠæ¯ãèã空éãšãããã®æ§è³ªãåç£æ§ãšãåçºåãšããŸããåç£æ§ã¯ãç£ç³ãåŒãå¯ããŸãããäžå®ä»¥äžã®è·é¢ãŸã§è¿ã¥ããšåçºããæ§è³ªã§ããæ¬äœçã«ãåç£æ§ã¯è³ªéããšãã«ã®ãŒã®éçãè¶ ããŠç空ãçãã§ãã空éãšããããšã«ãªããŸãã
æ¬äœã¯ãå éãè¶ ããªãããšããåŠè¡çãªåæãæã£ãŠããªããããå éãè¶ ããç©çãå éãè¶ ããªãç©çã«ãããã³ã°ããŠãããšããã§ãã
ç空ã¯vaccumã§ããããåšå²ã®ç©ºéãåŒãå¯ããŸããããããã®æ ¹æºçãªæ§è³ªãããåŒãå¯ãã¯ããŠããåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãåžã蟌ããªããšããŸããããã¯é»æ¥µãæã€æ§è³ªããçæ¹ã¯è¶ å éã§çæ¹ã¯å éã§ããããæ£åå¯Ÿã®æ¹åã«åãã£ãŠç©ºéãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«åŒãã¡ããæ§è³ªã ããã§ãããã®åžã蟌ã¿å£ã¯æ¥µã§ã¯ãªããæ¥µã𿥵ã®éã®ç©ºéã§ããç£ç³ã«çœ®ãæãããšãS極ãšN極ã®äžéãã空éãåžã蟌ãã§ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã«åŒãã¡ãã£ãŠäž¡æ¥µã«æž¡ããŠããããšã«ãªããŸããS極ãšN極ã¯è¶³ããŠïŒã«ãªã質éã ã£ãã®ã ãšããããŸãã
ç空ã黿¥µãæã£ã黿°æµæãšããå Žåãè¶ å é空éåŽã®é»æ°æµæãšãå éåŽã®é»æ°æµæã§ã¯ã質éã ãã§ã¯ãªã空éã®çްãããšãã®éåç¯å²ããŸãã§éããŸããå éåŽã®é»æ°æµæã¯è³ªéã倧ããã ãã§ã¯ãªããäžã€äžã€ã®éåãã®ãã®ã倧ããããã®éåç¯å²ã¯å°ãããããå šäœãšããŠã¯ã³ã³ãã¯ãã«ãŸãšãŸã£ãŠãããšããç¹åŸŽã«ãªããŸããè¶ å éåŽã®é»æ°æµæã¯è³ªéãå°ãããäžã€äžã€ã®éåãå°ããããã®éåç¯å²ã¯å€§ãããããå šäœãšããŠã¯äœç©ã倧ãã空éã«ãªããŸãã
ç空äžã§éåãã質éã¯æ £æ§ã®æ³åã«ãã£ãŠé床ãå€ãããªããšãããŠããŸãããè¶ å é空éã¯ç空ãšé¯èŠãããã»ã©ç©ºéå¯åºŠãã¹ã«ã¹ã«ãšãããŠããŸãããç空ã§ã¯ãããŸããããã®ãããå°ããéåãè¶ å éã§å€§ããéåããŠãã空éã§ããéåã¯é å¿åé¢ããããã³ã«è¶ è¶ è¶ ã»ã»ã»å éã«ãªããå°ãããªã£ãŠãããŸãã
æ¬äœäžã®ãã©ãºã空éã¯é å¿åé¢ã«ãã£ãŠçºçããç空ã§ãããããã©ãºãã¯è³ªéã®é²è¡æ¹åã«å¯ŸããŠãã®åžã蟌ã¿å£ã¯90床äœçžã«ãªãæ§è³ªããããŸãããã®ããã黿¥µããæµãã黿µã«çŽäº€ããç£çã圢æããŸãã
æ¬äœã®ãã©ãºãã®å®çŸ©ã«ãããšã黿¥µã¯é»äœå·®ã§ãé»äœå·®ã¯è³ªéãåããæ¹åãæ§è³ªãæ£å察ã€ãŸãèæ°çãªéããæã¡ãŸããå¹³é¢åº§æšã§èŠãéãã¯é¡åããã®ååã®ããã«èŠãã空éã§ãããæšªè»žãæªãé¢ä¿æ§ãæã¡ãŸãã
æ¬äœã§ã¯ãå®å®ã¯ç©ºéå¯åºŠãå¹³ååããããšããæ§è³ªããããšãããããå®å šã«å¹³åããã«ã¯ãã®äœçšã¯è³ªéã®âã§æ¢ãŸããšããŠããŸããããã¯é»äœå·®ã«ãã黿µãçãvaccumïŒç£çïŒã®æ§è³ªã ããã§ããæ£ç¢ºãªæ°åŒã§è¡šããå Žåã¯âmã»ã©åçŽã§ã¯ãªããšã¯æããŸãããæ¬äœã¯çæ°ãã¡ãã·ãããã·ããªã®ã§ã容赊ãã ããã
ãã®æšªè»žãæªãèæ°ç©ºéã¯ãéªã ããŸã倪ã£ãŠãããªãããé ã®äžã«ã¯ãžã£ã¯ã®éã®çŸœæ ¹ã®ãããªæš¡æ§ã®è¶ è¶ è¶ ã»ã»ã»å éã®ç±åè§£ãšé å¿åé¢ãšãã©ãºã空éãš90床äœçžããç空ãå é床çã«å¢ããŠãããŸããé ãã«è¡ãã°ããã»ã©è³ªéã¯å°ãããªãéåã®å€§ãããå°ãããªãéåç¯å²ã¯åºããªãé²ãè·é¢ã¯é·ããªããããé ãã«è¡ãã°è¡ãã»ã©æå·®ãå°ãããªã£ãŠãããŸãããããè¶ å éãæã€æéã®æ§è³ªã§ãããã®ç¡éã«ç¹°ãè¿ãããè¶ è¶ è¶ ã»ã»ã»å éã®é å¿åé¢ã¯ãã¹ãŠãäžã€æåã®ç空ïŒvaccumïŒã«éçŽãããŠãããŸããããã0.7%ã®æ¬ æè³ªéãã€ããåºå€§ãªå®å®ãšããŸãã
99.3%ã®å éäžã®è³ªéãç空ïŒvaccumïŒã«åŒã°ããŠããŸããããã®éããšé ããããæ¬ æè³ªéã®ããã«ã¯ãããŸãããéåžžã«åé·ãšããæé軞ã®äžã§vaccumã«åå¿ããŸãããäœãéãã»ã»ã»é»æµã鿣ãšããå Žåã«éäžãããã§ããªãç£çãæã£ãŠãããšããŸããããããæ¬äœãå°çã¯èªè»¢ãããŠããªãïŒå®å šã«ã¯åŠå®ããŠããŸãããïŒå転ãããã¯ããŠãããšæã£ãŠããŸããïŒæ ¹æ ãšããŠã¿ãŸãããšã¯ãããæ¬äœã¯å€©å説ã®ç«å Žã§é£æ³ãå§ããŠããŸãã®ã§ããã®æ ¹æ ã¯ä»çºçãããã®ã§ãããã€ãã®ãããªãã®ã§ãã
è¶ å é空éãå®å®ãšããå Žåãæ¬ æè³ªéãèšåŒµãã空éã®æå 端ãå°çæéã§ïŒïŒæéãããŠãã©ãºã空éã«æ»ã£ãŠããŠãããšããŸãããããã質éã0.7%ã®å®å®ã«å¯ŸããŠ99.3%ã®å°çã¯éãããŠããã³ãã®ããå®å®ãšããªãªãºã ã§ããŸããã
ãããšãå éãšè¶ å éã®éã®ãã©ãºã空éã¯é¢éïŒå€§çŠïŒãæã«ãªããŸãã
ç空ãåããå€ããå°çãåžã蟌ãããšããŸãã
倩å€å°ç°ã§ãããæ¬äœã¯ããããåãéã®è§£ãããšããŠãéæ³ã®ããã«çŸããã€ãªã¥ãŒãžã§ã³ãçãŸãããšããŸãã
å°çã¯äœåãª0.53%ã®è³ªéãçç©ºã«æž¡ããŸãã
æµ·ãå±±ã®ããã«çãäžããããã©ãºã空éã«åžã蟌ãŸãã倧河ãšãªã£ãŠå°çãšå®å®ãã€ãªããŸããå°çã®è³ªéãã¡ã¯ããã£ãŠãã®æ²³æããæ¥œããããã«è¹ãåºããŸãããæ°Žäžãã³ãã«ããçºããè¶
å
é空éã®çŸãã倩äœã·ã§ãŒãããã»ã»ã»ããããå
é空éã®åé·ãšããé å¿åé¢ã«ãªããŸãã
ããããäºã€ã®æç©ºã®éãåãããããã®ã·ã¹ãã çãªè§£ãšããçŽ30æ¥åšæãšãªãå°çã®é å¿åé¢ãšããŸãã
ããããè¶ å é空éãå é床çã«èšåŒµããç¡é倧ã®ç©ºéã§ããããšã«éãã¯ãªããããªãªãºã ãçã£ãŠè¡ããŸãããã®ãããã·ã¹ãã ã¯æã ããã©ãºã空éãå転ãããããšã«ããŸãããæ®æ®µã¯åçºãã忥µã©ãããåãåã£ãŠããŸããããã®ç¬éã¯åŒãå¯ããŸããå°çã¯ãã®éãæ ã«ã»ãšãã©åããŸããããå®å®ã¯ãã®è»œãããã«é ãã®ç©ºéã»ã©è¿ãã«åŒãå¯ãããããšããŸãã
ååã¯ãããªãã«æ ¹æ ã瀺ãããšãã§ããŸããããåŸåã¯ããšã ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããŸãããæ¬äœã¯çŽ äººã®é£æ³ã§ãããæ¥œãã¿ããã ããŸããã幞ãã§ãã
ãã®ããšã ã«æã®æºã¡æ¬ ããéãåããããšãå
éãè¶
å
éãšããªãªãºã ããããã«å·®ãåºãã0.53%ã®è³ªéã¯ããã©ãºã空éã«ååãããæåã®ç©ºéã§è¶
å
éãšçµåããŸããå®å®ç©ºéããæ»ã£ãŠããæ¬ æè³ªéã¯è¶
è¶
è¶
ã»ã»ã»å
éã§ãå°çãå·®ãåºãã0.53%ã®è³ªéãšã®éã«ã¯ãã©ãºã空éãéããŠåè§£ãããªããŠãæ¢ã«å·šå€§ãªé»äœå·®ãæã€é»æ°æµæã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããŸãããã©ãºã空éã®vaccumã«è³ªéãåžã蟌ãŸããŠããã«åŸã£ãŠæã¯æ¬ ããŠãããšããŸãããå°çã«ã¯æãééããŠéãæ³šãè¶
å
éã®æ®åãå±ããŠããŸãããã©ãºã空éã¯åžã蟌ãã 質éã®99.3%ãå
é空éã«æåºããŸãã®ã§ãæã¯æããããåã³å°çã«åãã£ãŠå§¿ãçŸãããšã«ãªããŸãã
ããããççŸãçºçããŠãããããªæ°ãããŸãããæ¬äœã¯çŽ äººã®ããšã ã§ãã®ã§ãã容赊ãã ããã
æ¬äœãåæ¡ã«ããŠGeminiãšã³ã©ãããçµµæ¬ã§ãã