ืœื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืจืกืŸ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื–ื ืจื‘ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืขืจืš: ืจึดืกึตึผืŸ.

ืจึถืกึถืŸ

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™
ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžืœืืจืกืŸ
ื”ื’ื™ื™ื”*resen
ื—ืœืง ื“ื™ื‘ืจืฉืึพืขืฆื
ืžื™ืŸื–ื›ืจ
ืฉื•ืจืฉืจึพืกึพืŸ
ื“ืจืš ืชืฆื•ืจื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืงึถื˜ึถืœ
ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชืจืณย ืจึฐืกึธื ึดื™ื; ืจึถืกึถืŸึพ, ืจึดืกึฐื ึตื™ึพ
ืจืกืŸ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ืกื•ืก ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื”
ืžืคืจืฉ ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™. ื”ืจืกื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืœืžื˜ื”
  1. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ืจืชืžื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืจืืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืื• ื‘ื”ืžืช ืžืฉื, ืืœื™ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืžืชื’.
    • โ€ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ื•ึน ื›ึฐึผื ึทื—ึทืœ ืฉืื•ึนื˜ึตืฃ ืขึทื“ ืฆึทื•ึธึผืืจ ื™ึถื—ึฑืฆึถื” ืœึทื”ึฒื ึธืคึธื” ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื‘ึฐึผื ึธืคึทืช ืฉึธืื•ึฐื ื•ึฐืจึถืกึถืŸ ืžึทืชึฐืขึถื” ืขึทืœ ืœึฐื—ึธื™ึตื™ ืขึทืžึดึผื™ื.โ€œ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœ, ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื—)
    • โ€ืึทืœ-ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื›ึฐึผืกื•ึผืก ื›ึฐึผืคึถืจึถื“ ืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืžึถืชึถื’-ื•ึธืจึถืกึถืŸ ืขึถื“ึฐื™ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืœื•ึนื ื‘ึทึผืœ ืงึฐืจึนื‘ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ.โ€œ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื‘, ืคืกื•ืง ื˜)
    • โ€ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ืชืจื• [ื™ึดืชึฐืจึดื™] ืคึดืชึทึผื— ื•ึทื™ึฐืขึทื ึตึผื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืจึถืกึถืŸ ืžึดืคึธึผื ึทื™ ืฉึดืืœึตึผื—ื•ึผ.โ€œ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœ, ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื)
    • โ€[...] ื•ื”ื ื” ืฆื•ืขื ื™ ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืก ื“ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืžืงืคืฅ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื“ื”. ื•ื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื”ื—ึตืจืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืชืคืกื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืจืกืŸ ื”ืกื•ืก ื•ื™ืขืฆืจื•ื”ื• [...].โ€œ (ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืœื™ื, ืžืืช ื—"ื  ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”)
  2. ื‘ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืžืขืฆื•ืจ, ืกื™ื™ื’, ื‘ืœื™ืžื”, ืขื•ืœ.
  3. ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” (ื™ืžืื•ืช) ื—ื‘ืœ ืงืฆืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืงืฆื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืœื—ื‘ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
    • ื—ื‘ืœ ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืฉืคืช ืžืคืจืฉ ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื”ึพืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืจืกื ื™ื.
  4. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ืขื™ืจ ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™ื”.
    • โ€ื•ึฐืึถืช-ืจึถืกึถืŸ ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื›ึธึผืœึทื— ื”ึดื•ื ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื“ึนืœึธื”.โ€œ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™, ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื‘)

ื’ื™ื–ืจื•ืŸ

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงื“ื-ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช: ืจืงื ื”ื (racanรกH) ืœืคืจืกื™ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื™ืช ืจึฒืกึทืŸ (ุฑุณู†) ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื—ื‘ืœ, ืกื ืกืงืจื™ื˜: ืจืืกื ื” (เคฐเคถเคจเคพ). ืืจืžื ื™ืช: ืืจืกืŸ (ีกีผีกีฝีกีถ).
ื‘ืคืจืกื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช 'ืจืกืŸ' ื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ ื”ืกื•ืก ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืืคื• ,ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืœืขืจื‘ื™ืช . ืื›ื“ื™ืช: risneti (ืจึฐืกึธื ึดื™ื); ืืจืžื™ืช: ืจึดืกึฐื ึธื; ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ืจึทืกึทื .
โ€‚1. ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ (ืชืฉ"ื—), 1948.
โ€‚3. ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืžืื•ืช (ืชืฉ"ืœ), 1970; ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขื’ื ื•ืช (ืชืฉืข"ื’), 2013.

ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืชืจื’ื•ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
ย ย ย ืจืชืžื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ื”ืžื”
  • ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: bridleโ€โ€โ€โ€
  • ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช:bridaโ€โ€โ€โ€
ย ย ย ื—ื‘ืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืงืฆืจ
  • ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: bridleโ€โ€โ€โ€
  • ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: Hahnepotโ€, Sprutโ€โ€โ€โ€
  • ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: patte d'oieโ€โ€โ€โ€

ืจืื• ื’ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืขืจืš ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”: ืจืกืŸ
ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ: Bridles