ืœื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ

ืขื‘ื˜

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื–ื ืจื‘ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™.

ืขึธื‘ึทื˜

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ โ€“ ืคื•ืขืœ
ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžืœืืขื‘ื˜
ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ื’ื–ืจื”ืขึพื‘ึพื˜
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸืคึธึผืขึทืœ
  1. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ืžึดืฉึฐืื›ึตึผืŸ; ืœืงื—/ื ืชืŸ ืขืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืœื•ืืช ื›ืกืฃ,ืฉืขื‘ื“.
    • โ€ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึทืฉึถึผืื” ื‘ึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ืžึทืฉึทึผืืืช ืžึฐืื•ึผืžึธื”, ืœึนื ืชึธื‘ึนื ืึถืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืชื•ึน ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื˜ ืขึฒื‘ึนื˜ื•ึนโ€œ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“, ืคืกื•ืง ื™)
    • โ€ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื˜ึฐืชึธึผ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืจึทื‘ึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒื‘ึนื˜โ€œ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•, ืคืกื•ืง ื•)

ื’ื–ืจื•ืŸ

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช (ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžึดืฉึฐืื›ึตึผืŸ). ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืฉื 'ืขื‘ื•ื˜'.
  • ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ืขึพื‘ึพืช - ื›ื‘ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœืžืœื•ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืงื™ืฉืจื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ืขึพื‘ึพื“.[1]
  • ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช-ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืžื”: โ€ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ืื‘ืจ ืžืชื ืžื™ืขื‘ื˜โ€œ (ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื โ€“ ื“ืฃ ืงื™ื’, ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘).
  • ืžืฆื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ืช-ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช aabet ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช 'ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืื• ื“ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื'. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืฃ:
    Aabt
    G37

ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ืจื“ืคื•ืช

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืชืจื’ื•ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: impawnโ€, pledgeโ€โ€โ€โ€โ€

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื™ื "ืขึธื‘ึทื˜" ื•"ื—ึธื‘ึทืœ", ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืจืืชื” ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื•ืจืืชื” ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ืขืจื‘ื•ืŸ.[2]

ืจืื• ื’ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขึดื‘ึตึผื˜

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ โ€“ ืคื•ืขืœ
ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžืœืืขื™ื‘ื˜
ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ื’ื–ืจื”ืขึพื‘ึพื˜
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸืคึดึผืขึตืœ
  1. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื [ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ] (ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช) ืขื•ื•ืช,ืขื™ืงื, ืงืœืงืœ.
    • โ€ื›ึฐึผื’ึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื™ึฐืจึปืฆื•ึผืŸ ื›ึฐึผืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืœื•ึผ ื—ื•ึนืžึธื” ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึดึผื“ึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื• ื™ึตืœึตื›ื•ึผืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึฐืขึทื‘ึฐึผื˜ื•ึผืŸ ืึนืจึฐื—ื•ึนืชึธืโ€œ (ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘, ืคืกื•ืง ื–)

ื’ื™ื–ืจื•ืŸ

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื. ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. (ื”ืžืœื‘ื™"ื ืคื™ืจืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื˜).
  • ืื›ื“ื™ืช ืึถื‘ึฐึผืึตื˜ึป ebฤ“แนญu ืข-ื•-ื” ืชื™ื‘ืช "ืขื•ื™ืช" ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจ [3].

ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ืจื“ืคื•ืช

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืชืจื’ื•ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  • ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: crumpโ€โ€โ€โ€ , twistโ€โ€โ€โ€

ืจืื• ื’ื

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืกืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ

[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]
  1. โ†‘ ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•, ื•.
  2. โ†‘ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ืžืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•, ื—.
  3. โ†‘ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Editor-in-Charge:Martha T. Roth,ebฤ“แนญu, page-13