Harshen Isan

Isan
Isan
Northeastern Thai, Thai Isan, Thai Lao
ภาษาไทยถิ่นอีสาน, ภาษาลาว
	Tai Noi script former use (top); Thai script currently popular with non-standard form (bottom)
Asali a	Thailand
Yanki	Isan (Northeastern Thailand); Also in adjacent areas and Bangkok
Ƙabila	Isan (Tai Lao), Northern Khmer, Kuy, Phuan ; L2 or L3 of numerous minorities of the Isan region
'Yan asalin magana	13-16 million (2005); 22 million (L1 and L2, 2013)
Dangin harshen	Kra–Dai Tai Southwestern Tai languages Lao–Phutai Lao Isan; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Thai alphabet (de facto); Tai Noi (former, secular); Tai Tham (former, religious)
Official status
Recognised minority language in	{{country data Thailand}}
Regulated by	Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia, Mahidol University
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	tts
Glottolog	nort2741

Harshen Isan
Harshen Isan
'Yan asalin magana	15,000,000
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Kra-Dai; Kam–Tai (en) ; Tai (en) ; Southwestern Tai (en) ; Harshen Lao; Isan; ; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Thai script (en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	tts
Glottolog	nort2741

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Isan ko Arewa maso Gabashin Thai ( mai suna : ภาษาลาว / ພາສາລາວ ,tts ; Thai , RTGS : Phasa Isan ) tana nufin ci gaban harshen Lao a ƙasar Thailand, bayan rarrabuwar siyasa tsakanin ƙasashen masu magana da Lao a Kogin Mekong a ƙarshen rikicin Franco-Siamese na 1893 . Har yanzu masu magana da harshen suna kiran harshen Lao . [1]

A matsayin nau'in yaren Lao iri-iri, Isan na cikin reshen kudu maso yammacin harsunan Tai a cikin dangin yaren Kra-Dai . Yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da harsunan "ƙabila" na Tai (banda Lao) kamar Phu Thai da Tai Yo . Gwamnatin Thailand ta sanya Isan a matsayin yaren harshen Thai a hukumance. Duk da cewa harshen Thai (Tsakiya) yana da alaƙa da harshen Tai na Kudu maso Yammacin ƙasar, amma yana cikin wani reshe daban. Harshen Thai na Tsakiya da Isan suna da fahimta iri ɗaya ne kawai da wahala; duk da cewa suna da fiye da kashi 80% na kalmomin da suka dace, suna da siffofi daban-daban na sautin da halayen wasali, kuma kalmomi da yawa da ake amfani da su a Isan sun bambanta da na Thai, don haka suna kawo cikas ga fahimta. ^[3]

Yaren Lao ya daɗe yana wanzuwa a Isan, yana isowa tare da bakin haure waɗanda suka bi kwarin koguna zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya daga kudancin China a wani lokaci a ƙarni na 8 zuwa 10. Yankin da ake kira Isan a yanzu yana ƙarƙashin masarautar Lao ta Lao daga 1354 zuwa 1707. Bayan faduwar Lan Xang, masarautun Lao da suka rabu sun zama jihohin Siam masu shiga tsakani. A ƙarshen karni na 18 da kuma mafi yawan ƙarni na 19, sojojin Siamese sun tilasta wa mutanen Lao ƙaura daga gabar yammacin Kogin Mekong zuwa gabar gabas, yanzu Isan. Sakamakon waɗannan manyan tafiye-tafiye, masu magana da harshen Isan sun kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan mutanen Thailand kuma suna wakiltar sama da kashi 80% na yawan mutanen Lao. Kimanin mutane miliyan 13-16 na yankin Isan ne ke magana da Isan a asali (2005), kodayake jimlar yawan masu magana da shi, gami da mutanen Isan a wasu yankuna na Thailand da waɗanda ke magana da shi a matsayin harshe na biyu, wataƙila sun wuce 22 miliyan.

An kiyaye harshen Lao a Thailand saboda yawan jama'ar yankin Isan, tsaunukan da suka raba yankin da sauran sassan ƙasar, al'adar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma fahimtar al'adun yankin. An haramta kiran harshen Lao a takardun hukuma na Thailand a farkon karni na 20. Dokokin haɗaka na shekarun 1930 waɗanda suka haɓaka ƙabilancin Thailand, al'adun Tsakiyar Thailand da kuma amfani da harshen Thai na yau da kullun ya haifar da yanayi na rashin hankali inda mazauna yankin galibi suna da harshe biyu kuma suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin 'yan ƙasar Thailand. An keɓe Isan a matsayin harshen gida, tattalin arzikin noma da rayuwar lardi. An kuma haramta rubutun Tai Noi, wanda hakan ya sa Isan ya zama harshen da ake magana da shi, kodayake ana amfani da tsarin amfani da rubutun Thai da kuma rubutun kalmomin da suka dace a cikin sadarwa ta yau da kullun. ^[3]

Isan kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi talauci kuma mafi ƙarancin ci gaba a Thailand, inda yawancin mutanen Isan ba su da ilimi sosai, galibi suna aiki a matsayin ma'aikata, ma'aikatan gida, masu dafa abinci, direbobin tasi, da kuma wasu ayyukan hidima. Idan aka haɗa shi da wariyar launin fata da aka nuna wa mutanen Isan a tarihi, wannan ya haifar da mummunan fahimtar harshen. Duk da yawan amfani da harshen, tun daga tsakiyar karni na 20, harshen yana fuskantar raguwar sassaucin yaren ta hanyar harshen Thai ko kuma canjin yaren zuwa harshen Thai gaba ɗaya, wanda hakan ke barazana ga kuzarin harshen. Duk da haka, yayin da ra'ayoyi game da al'adun yanki suka fara sassautawa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 zuwa gaba, ƙaruwar bincike kan harshen da masana kimiyyar Thai a jami'o'in Isan suka yi da kuma matsayin ƙabilanci da siyasa wanda galibi ke saba wa Bangkok, wasu ƙoƙarin taimakawa wajen dakatar da ɓacewar harshen a hankali sun fara samun tushe, wanda ya samo asali daga ƙaruwar wayar da kan jama'a da kuma godiya ga al'adun gida, adabi da tarihi. ^[3]

Duba kuma

Kwatanta Lao da Isan
Kwatanta Lao da Thai

Bayanan kula

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Manazarta

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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Kalmomin Isaan na asali An Archived (Wasu jimlolin Isaan na asali tare da fayilolin sauti).
McCargo, Duncan, da Krisadawan Hongladarom. "Gwagwarmayar Isananci: tattaunawa game da siyasa da asali a Arewa maso Gabashin Thailand." Kabilar Asiya 5.2 (2004): 219-234. Archived
Esan108 (a cikin harshen Thai)

Samfuri:Languages of Thailand Samfuri:Tai-Kadai languages

1 2 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Isan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Glottolog" defined multiple times with different content.
1 2 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. (2011). Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: First to third periodic reports of States parties due in 2008, Thailand. (GE.11-46262 (E) 141011 181011). New York NY: United Nations.
1 2 3 Draper, John (2004). "Isan: The planning context for language maintenance and revitalization". Second Language Learning and Teaching. 4. Archived from the original on 2014-03-11.

[Glottolog-1] 1 2 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Isan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Glottolog" defined multiple times with different content.

[CERD-2] 1 2 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. (2011). Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: First to third periodic reports of States parties due in 2008, Thailand. (GE.11-46262 (E) 141011 181011). New York NY: United Nations.

[DraperJ2004-3] 1 2 3 Draper, John (2004). "Isan: The planning context for language maintenance and revitalization". Second Language Learning and Teaching. 4. Archived from the original on 2014-03-11.

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