Cutar
| Cutar | |
|---|---|
Description (en)  | |
| Iri | physiological condition (en) , adverse event (en) , risk source (en) , health problem (en) material entity (en) |
| Field of study (en) | Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya) |
| Sanadi | pathogen (en) Yaduwar kwayar cuta |
| Effect (en) | infectious disease (en) , braxy (en) , avitellinosis (en) Gazawar zuciya |
| Physical examination (en) | blood culture (en) microbiological culture (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| MeSH | D007239 |
| Cutar | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tsuntsu yana fitowa daga wani abscess da ƙwayoyin cuta suka haifar | |
| Kyakkyawan | Cututtukan cututtuka |
| Dalilan da suka haifar | kwayar cuta, kwayar cutaprion |
'Cutar cuta ita ce mamayewar kyallen takarda ta hanyar cututtukan cututtuka, ninka su, da kuma martani na kyallen takara ga wakili mai kamuwa da cuta da guba da suke samarwa. Cutar da ke yaduwa cuta ce da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta, kuma wasu cututtukan da ke yashiwa suma suna yaduwa (suna yaduwa).
Ana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar cututtukan cututtuka masu yawa, mafi mahimmanci Kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.[1] Masu karɓar bakuncin za su iya yaki da kamuwa da cuta ta amfani da Tsarin rigakafi su. Masu ba da gudummawa ga masu kamuwa da cuta tare da amsawar halitta, sau da yawa yana da kumburi, sannan kuma amsawar daidaitawa.
Magani ga kamuwa da cuta ya dogara da nau'in kwayar cutar da ke ciki. Magunguna na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
- Magungunan rigakafi don kamuwa da cuta.
- Magungunan rigakafi don kamuwa da kwayar cuta.
- Magungunan rigakafi don kamuwa da cuta.
- Antiprotozoals don kamuwa da cuta na protozoan.
- Antihelminthics don kamuwa da cuta da ke haifar da tsutsotsi.
Cututtukan cututtuka sun kasance babbar damuwa ta kiwon lafiya ta duniya; cututtukan da ke yaduwa, na uwa, na jarirai, da na abinci mai gina jiki tare sun kai kimanin kashi 18.6% na mutuwar duniya a cikin 2017. [2] Sashin magani wanda ke mai da hankali kan kamuwa da cuta ana kiransa cututtukan kamuwa.[3]
Nau'o'in
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana haifar da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar cututtukan cututtuka (pathogens) ciki har da:
- Kwayoyin cuta (misali Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium botulinum, da Salmonella spp.)
- Kwayoyin cuta da wakilai na subviral kamar su Viroids da prions. (Misali HIV, Rhinovirus, Lyssaviruses kamar Kwayar cutar rabies, Ebolavirus da Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)
- Fungi, an kara rarraba su cikin:
- Ascomycota, gami da yisti kamar <i id="mwXw">Candida</i> (mafi yawan kamuwa da cuta); ƙwayoyin cuta irin su Aspergillus; nau'in Pneumocystis; da dermatophytes, ƙungiyar kwayoyin da ke haifar da kamuwa da fata da sauran tsarin sama a cikin mutane.[4]
- Basidiomycota, gami da nau'in mutum-pathogenic Cryptococcus. .
- Parasites, waɗanda yawanci ana raba su zuwa:[5]
- Kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya (misali zazzabin cizon sauro, Toxoplasma, Babesia)
- Macroparasites (Tsuntsaye ko helminths) ciki har da Nematodes kamar parasitic roundworms da pinworms, tapeworms (cestodes), da flukes (trematodes, kamar schistosomes).[6] Cututtukan da ke haifar da helminths wani lokacin ana kiransu infestations, amma wani lokacin ana kiran su cututtuka.
- Arthropods irin su ticks, mites, fleas, da lice, na iya haifar da cututtukan ɗan adam, waɗanda suke kama da kamuwa da cuta, amma mamayewar jikin mutum ko dabba ta waɗannan macroparasites galibi ana kiransu infestation.
Alamomi da alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alamomi da alamun kamuwa da cuta sun dogara da nau'in cutar. Wasu alamun kamuwa da cuta suna shafar jikin mutum gabaɗaya, kamar Gajiya, asarar abinci, asarar nauyi, zazzabi, gumi na dare, sanyi, ciwo da ciwo. Sauran suna da takamaiman sassan jiki, kamar rashes na fata, tari, ko hanci mai laushi.[7]
A wasu lokuta, cututtukan cututtuka na iya zama ba tare da alamomi ba ga yawancin ko ma duk hanyarsu a cikin mai karɓar bakuncin. A cikin yanayin ƙarshe, ana iya bayyana cutar ne kawai a matsayin "ciwo" (wanda ta hanyar ma'anar yana nufin rashin lafiya) a cikin rundunonin da suka kamu da rashin lafiya bayan sun haɗu da mai ɗaukar alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Cutar ba daidai ba ce da cutar da ke yaduwa, saboda wasu cututtukan ba sa haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin mai masaukin baki.
Kwayar cuta ko kwayar cuta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar yadda cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta zasu iya haifar da alamun iri ɗaya, yana iya zama da wahala a rarrabe abin da ke haifar da takamaiman kamuwa.[8] Bambance su biyu yana da mahimmanci, tunda ba za a iya warkar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar maganin rigakafi ba yayin da cututsin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta zasu iya.
| Halin da aka yi | Cutar kwayar cuta | Cutar kwayar cuta |
|---|---|---|
| Alamomin da aka saba da su | Gabaɗaya, kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta suna da tsari. Wannan yana nufin sun haɗa da sassa daban-daban na jiki ko fiye da tsarin jiki ɗaya a lokaci guda; watau hanci mai laushi, tarwatsa sinus, tari, ciwon jiki da dai sauransu. Za su iya zama na gida a wasu lokuta kamar a cikin conjunctivitis na kwayar cuta ko "igadi mai laushi" da herpes. Ƙananan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ne kawai ke da zafi, kamar herpes. Sau da yawa ana bayyana ciwon kamuwa da kwayar cuta a matsayin ƙuna ko ƙonewa.[8] | Alamomin gargajiya na kamuwa da kwayar cuta sune ja, zafi, kumburi da ciwo. Ɗaya daga cikin alamun kamuwa da kwayar cuta shine ciwo na gida, ciwo wanda ke cikin takamaiman ɓangaren jiki. Misali, idan yankan ya faru kuma ya kamu da ƙwayoyin cuta, ciwo yana faruwa a wurin kamuwa da cuta. Ciwon makogwaro na kwayar cuta sau da yawa ana nuna shi da ƙarin ciwo a gefe ɗaya na makogwaro. Ana iya gano kamuwa da cutar kunne a matsayin kwayar cuta idan ciwo ya faru a kunne ɗaya kawai.[8] |
| Dalilin da ya sa | Kwayoyin cuta masu haifar da cututtuka | Kwayoyin cuta |
Ilimin jiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai jerin abubuwan da suka faru da suka shafi kamuwa da cuta, wani lokacin ana kiransu sarkar kamuwa da cuta ko sarkar watsawa. Jerin abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da matakai da yawa - waɗanda suka haɗa da wakili mai kamuwa da cuta, tafki, shiga mai karɓar bakuncin, fita da watsawa ga sababbin rundunonin. – Kowane haɗin dole ne ya kasance a cikin tsari na lokaci don kamuwa da cuta ta bunkasa. Fahimtar waɗannan matakai yana taimaka wa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya su yi niyya ga kamuwa da cuta kuma su hana shi faruwa da farko.
Mulkin mallaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Cutar ta fara ne lokacin da kwayar halitta ta samu nasarar shiga jiki, ta girma kuma ta ninka. Ana kiran wannan mulkin mallaka. Yawancin mutane ba sa kamuwa da cuta cikin sauƙi. Wadanda ke da tsarin rigakafi ko rauni suna da karuwar kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka na yau da kullun ko na ci gaba. Mutanen da ke da Tsarin rigakafi da aka hana suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan da suka dace. Shigarwa ga mai masaukin a mahalarta-pathogen, gabaɗaya yana faruwa ta hanyar mucosa a cikin ramuka kamar Ramin baki, hanci, idanu, al'aura, anus, ko microbe na iya shiga ta hanyar raunuka masu buɗewa. Duk da yake 'yan kwayoyin zasu iya girma a wurin shigarwa na farko, da yawa suna ƙaura kuma suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin gabobin daban-daban. Wasu pathogens suna girma a cikin sel masu karɓar bakuncin (intracellular) yayin da wasu ke girma kyauta a cikin ruwa na jiki.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Sehgal, Mukul; Ladd, Hugh J.; Totapally, Balagangadhar (2020-12-01). "Trends in Epidemiology and Microbiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children". Hospital Pediatrics (in Turanci). 10 (12): 1021–1030. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2020-0174. ISSN 2154-1663. PMID 33208389. S2CID 227067133. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
- ↑ GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators (10 November 2018). "Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017". The Lancet. 392 (10159): 1736–1788. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7. PMC 6227606. PMID 30496103.
- ↑ "Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine". Association of American Medical Colleges. Archived from the original on 2015-02-06. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
Infectious disease is the subspecialty of internal medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of communicable diseases of all types, in all organs, and in all ages of patients.
- ↑ "Types of Fungal Diseases". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in Turanci). 2019-06-27. Archived from the original on 2020-04-01. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ↑ "About Parasites". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in Turanci). 2019-02-25. Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
- ↑ Brown, Peter J. (1987). "Microparasites and Macroparasites". Cultural Anthropology. 2 (1): 155–71. doi:10.1525/can.1987.2.1.02a00120. JSTOR 656401.
- ↑ "Runny Nose: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
- 1 2 3 "Bacterial vs. viral infections: How do they differ?". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
