Hives
| Subclass of | skin disease, skin and integumentary tissue symptom  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | dermatology, allergology |
| WordLift URL | http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/hives_2 |
| ICD-9-CM | 708.8, 708.9, 708 |
| ICPC 2 ID | S98 |
Hives, dem sanso know as urticaria, be a kind of skin rash plus red anaa flesh-colored, raised, itchy bumps.[1] Hives fi burn anaa sting.[2] De patches of rash fi appear on different body parts,[2] plus variable duration from minutes to days, den typically no dey leave any long-lasting skin change.[2] Fewer dan 5% of cases last for more dan six weeks (a condition dem know as chronic urticaria).[2] De condition frequently dey recur.[2][3]
Hives frequently dey occur following an infection anaa as a result of an allergic reaction such as to medication, insect bites, anaa chow.[2] Psychological stress, cold temperature, anaa vibration sanso fi be a trigger.[1][2] Insyd half of cases de cause remain unknown.[2] Risk factors dey include having conditions such as hay fever anaa asthma.[4] Diagnosis typically be based on appearance.[2] Patch testing fi be useful to determine de allergy.[2]
Prevention be by avoiding watever e be wey dey cause de condition.[2] Treatment typically be plus antihistamines, plus de second generation antihistamines such as fexofenadine, loratadine den cetirizine be preferred secof less risk of sedation den cognitive impairment.[3] Insyd refractory (obstinate) cases, corticosteroids anaa leukotriene inhibitors sanso fi be used.[2] Keeping de environmental temperature cool sanso be useful.[2] For cases wey last more dan six weeks, long-term antihistamine therapy be indicated. Immunosuppressants such as omalizumab anaa cyclosporin sanso fi be used.[3]
About 20% of people be affected at sam point insyd dema lives.[2] Short duration cases dey occur equally insyd males den females, wey dey last a few days den widout leaving any long-lasting skin changes.[2] Long duration cases be more common insyd females.[5] Short duration cases sanso be more common among kiddies, while long duration cases be more common among those wey be middle-aged.[5] Hives be described since at least de time of Hippocrates.[5] De term urticaria be from de Latin urtica wey dey mean "nettle".[6]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 "Hives". Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Jafilan, L; James, C (December 2015). "Urticaria and Allergy-Mediated Conditions". Primary Care. 42 (4): 473–83. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.002. PMID 26612369.
- 1 2 3 Lang, David M. (1 September 2022). "Chronic Urticaria". New England Journal of Medicine. 387 (9): 824–831. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2120166. PMID 36053507. S2CID 251992431.
- ↑ Zuberbier, Torsten; Grattan, Clive; Maurer, Marcus (2010). Urticaria and Angioedema (in English). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 38. ISBN 978-3-540-79048-8. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21.
- 1 2 3 Griffiths, Christopher; Barker, Jonathan; Bleiker, Tanya; Chalmers, Robert; Creamer, Daniel (2016). Rook's Textbook of Dermatology (in English) (9 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. Chapter 42.3. ISBN 978-1-118-44117-6.
- ↑ A Dictionary of Entomology (in English). CABI. 2011. p. 1430. ISBN 978-1-84593-542-9. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Urticaria photo library at Dermnet Archived 2007-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
