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U+9F8D, 龍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F8D

[U+9F8C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9F8E]

U+2FD3, ⿓
KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON

[U+2FD2]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FD4]
U+F9C4, 龍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C4

[U+F9C3]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9C5]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 212, +0, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 卜月卜尸心 (YBYSP), four-corner 01211, composition𦚏𳑳)

  1. Kangxi radical #212, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical number 427.

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1536, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48818
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2076, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4803, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F8D

Bailang

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Etymology

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Coblin, reconstructing the Bailang pronunciation as *gljung, suggests that it derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (river, gorge) and retains its consonant cluster, which was lost in Proto-Lolo-Burmese. Compare Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Chinese (OC *kloːɡ).

Noun

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(*gljung)

  1. gorge

References

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  • W. South Coblin, "A New Study of the Pai-lang Songs" (1979), Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 12:179–216
  • Christopher I. Beckwith, "The Pai-lang songs: The earliest texts in a Tibeto-Burman language and their Late Old Chinese transcriptions" (2008), in Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Tang Stone Classics Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Regular script Ming typeface
Late Shang bronze inscriptions

JC 01119

JC 10486

JC 03330

JC 01308

JC 01306

MT 00465

MⅢ 0040

MT 00465

Fu Hao Jade Dragon

Dragon-shaped Gong

Fu Hao Bronze Dragon Basin

Jade Figure with Dragon-shaped Waist Ornament

Erlitou Sherd Motifs

Dadianzi Painted Pottery Motifs

Pictogram (象形) – originally depicting a sacred composite creature in ancient China, combining features of the snake, crocodile, fish, deer, etc.

Shang oracle-bone and bronze forms usually show a large-mouthed beast head and an S-shaped geometric body; Shang bronzes and decorative motifs show diamond- or scale-like patterning associated with snakes (perhaps fish or crocodile scales), occasionally with legs. In oracle-bone forms, the head bears one or two inverted -shaped elements (i.e. inverted axe/halberd forms) or a -like ornament. The form in Heji H04655 matches Shang bronze forms, which are more pictorial, like an inverted axe/halberd attached above the head; scholars generally derive this “bottle-shaped horn” from deer antlers, though some bronze forms instead attach a bell-shaped or shell-like undeciphered graph or clan emblem.

In Western Zhou bronzes, the head ornament tends toward ; by the late Western Zhou and early Spring and Autumn period, the mouth is drawn downward into , and the body behind the head develops a large bulge, like a snake swollen after swallowing a large animal. Thereafter head and body separate into the left and right parts of the character; by the Warring States period, the S-shaped right side also acquires three horizontal strokes like a dorsal fin. In Eastern Han stelae, the right side may, perhaps for ease of writing, change into a form like ; Sui stelae show forms written simply as . This style becomes commoner from the Song and Yuan onward; Yuan editions already show the one-stroke form , later standardized in mainland China. The Japanese form is first attested in the 597 Sui epitaph Dong Meiren Muzhi (《董美人墓誌》).

Etymology

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    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (dragon; thunder). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, dragon; thunder). The STEDT database also lists (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).

    This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (dragon) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (dragon) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (serpent-like monster), Khmer រោង (roong, year of the dragon), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, dragon; year of the dragon), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, year of the dragon), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (lion), kaplan (tiger), yılan (snake)).

    Pronunciation

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    Note: lung4-2 - "goal" and in 烏龍 (wu1 lung4-2).
    Note: lùng/lung - only in 龍龍鍾鍾龙龙钟钟.
    Note:
    • lṳ̀ng - literary;
    • lèng - vernacular (only used in 龍眼);
    • liòng > lùng - literary (only used in 龍船).
    Note:
    • lêng - vernacular;
    • gêng/liâng/ngúi - vernacular (only used in 龍眼);
    • liông - literary.
    Note:
    • liang5 - vernacular;
    • long5 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /luŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /luŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /luŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /luŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /ləŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /luŋ⁴²/
    /lyuŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /luŋ²⁴/
    Xining /luə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /luŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /lũn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /luŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /noŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /noŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /noŋ²¹/
    Kunming /loŋ³¹/
    Nanjing /loŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ləŋ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /luəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /luŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /lũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /loŋ²³/
    Suzhou /loŋ¹³/
    Hangzhou /loŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /liɛ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /loŋ¹³/
    Xiangtan /nən¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /luŋ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /liuŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /lioŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /loŋ²¹/
    Nanning /luŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /luŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔŋ³⁵/
    /liŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lyŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lœyŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /loŋ⁵⁵/
    /leŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /loŋ³¹/
    /liaŋ³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (7)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter ljowng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /lɨoŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /lioŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /lioŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /luawŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /lioŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /lĭwoŋ/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /li̯woŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    lóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    lung4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    lóng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ljowng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[mə]-roŋ/
    English dragon

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8436
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*b·roŋ/

    Definitions

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    1. (mythology) Chinese dragon; loong (Classifier: m c h;  mn)
    2. (mythology) Western dragon
    3. Dragon (Chinese zodiac sign)
    4. (figurative) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor
        ―  lóng  ―  imperial chair
    5. (figurative) chief; hero; towering figure
    6. (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object
    7. (by extension) dragon-adorned object
    8. (zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur
        ―  kǒnglóng  ―  dinosaur
      翼手翼手  ―  yìshǒulóng  ―  pterodactyl
    9. (Eastern Min) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised
    10. (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goal (Classifier: c)
    11. (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goalkeeper (Classifier: c)
    12. (figurative) queue; line (Classifier: c)
      排長排长 [Cantonese]  ―  paai4 coeng4 lung4 [Jyutping]  ―  to form a long queue
    13. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) money
    14. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) snake meat
    15. (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation
      Synonym:  /
    16. (dialectal) rainbow
    17. a surname
        ―  Lóng Yún  ―  Long Yun (Yunnan warlord)

    Synonyms

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    Coordinate terms

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    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (りゅう) (ryū)
    • Korean: >(龍) (ryong>yong)
    • Vietnamese: long ()

    Others:

    References

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai

    Kanji

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    (Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Usage notes

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    Definitions

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    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    S
    [kanji] jōyō kanji
    (This term, , is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

    Korean

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC ljowng).

    Recorded as Middle Korean 료ᇰ (lywong) (Yale: lyong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    (eumhun 미르 (mireu ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 미르 (mireu yong))

    1. hanja form? of / (dragon)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Old Japanese

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    Etymology

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    Possibly from the verb 立つ (tatu, to rise, stand).

    Noun

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    (tatu) (kana たつ)

    1. a Japanese dragon

    Usage notes

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    Also used once phonetically as a 借訓 (shakkun) for ⟨tatu⟩.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Vietnamese

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    Alternative forms

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    Han character

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    : Hán Việt readings: long (()(dung)(thiết))[2][3][4][1][5]
    : Nôm readings: long[2][3][1][6], lung[2][3][7], lỏng[7][5][6], lúng[7][1], luông[3], luồng[7]

    Noun

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    1. chữ Hán form of long ((only in compounds) dragon)

    Proper noun

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    1. chữ Hán form of Long (a male given name)

    Compounds

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    References

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