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與

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See also: 与
與 U+8207, 與
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8207
← 舆
[U+8206] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 興 →
[U+8208]

Translingual

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Japanese 与
Simplified 与
Traditional 與

Han character

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與 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+8, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 竹難卜金 (HXYC), four-corner 77801, composition ⿶⿳𦥑一八⿹⿺㇉一丨(GHJKV) or ⿶⿳𦥑一八⿹⿺㇉一丿(T))

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters
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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1004, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30212
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1460, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 251, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+8207

Chinese

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trad. 與
simp. 与
alternative forms
𠔔
𠔜
𦥸
𢌱
𦦲
𠔔
𠔜
𦥸
𢌱
𦦲
𫝌
𫟋
𫤰
𭁇
𭁈
𭁉
𭁕
𮍫
𮍬
𮍭
𮍰
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 與
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (舁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
攑 *kʰlan
藇 *sla, *ljaʔ, *la, *laʔ, *las
嶼 *ljaʔ
鱮 *ljaʔ
舉 *klaʔ
櫸 *klaʔ
舁 *la
與 *la, *laʔ, *las
輿 *la, *las
旟 *la
璵 *la
歟 *la, *laʔ, *las
譽 *la, *las
嬩 *la
擧 *la
鸒 *la, *las
礜 *las
穥 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las): phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː). Both components are phonetic. The closest version to the original is 𦥸.

Etymology

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"to be with; to associate with"
Unlikely to be the same word as 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Schuessler, 2007).
"to give"
The same word as 予 (OC *laʔ). The word family 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ) is probably derived from this word (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གླ (gla, “pay; wage; fare”), Mara Chin [Term?] (hla, “to present; to offer (sacrifice); to give”), Jingpho [script needed] (ja³³, “to give”).

Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character 與
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余吕切
Baxter yoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jɨə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/iɔX/
Wang
Li 		/jĭoX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 與
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yoX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-q(r)aʔ/
English give; for; and

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 與
Reading # 2/3
No. 15901
Phonetic
component 		舁
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*laʔ/
Notes 舁分化字

Definitions

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與

  1. to give; to offer
    贈與／赠与  ―  zèngyǔ  ―  to gift
    給與／给与  ―  jǐyǔ  ―  to accord,to grant
  2. (archaic, literary) to join with
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to agree; to allow; to permit
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to help; to support
    與人為善／与人为善  ―  yǔrénwéishàn  ―  to help others
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to get close to
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to follow
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to befriend; to get along with; to associate with
    相與／相与  ―  xiàngyǔ  ―  to get along with somebody
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fight
  9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to deal with; to cope
  10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to compare
  11. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to wait
  12. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to choose; to elect
  13. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) clique
  14. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) allied country
    與國／与国  ―  yǔguó  ―  allied country
  15. with
    我與這事無關。／我与这事无关。  ―  Wǒ yǔ zhè shì wúguān.  ―  I have nothing to do with the matter.
  16. for
  17. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (passive) by
  18. used to introduce the recipient of an action
    與人民為敵／与人民为敌  ―  yǔ rénmín wéi dí  ―  to be hostile to the people
  19. and (used to connect two nouns)
    山與水／山与水  ―  shān yǔ shuǐ  ―  mountains and waters
  20. (logic) AND; conjunction
  21. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) rather than
    與其／与其  ―  yǔqí  ―  rather than
  22. Same as 舉／举 (jǔ)
    選賢與能／选贤与能  ―  xuǎnxiányǔnéng  ―  choose men of talents,virtue,and ability
  23. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
Taiwan 跟, 和
Malaysia 和, 跟
Singapore 和, 跟
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 和, 跟, 給
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 和
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 和
Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
Xi'an 跟, 連
Xining 帶, 和
Xuzhou 給
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 連
Lanzhou 跟, 和
Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
Wuhan 跟
Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
Guilin 跟, 和
Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 告, 跟
Yangzhou 跟, 交
Hefei 跟
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋, 共
Hong Kong 同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
Macau 同, 同埋
Taishan 同埋
Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
Dongguan 同, 同埋
Yangjiang 鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
Penang (Guangfu) 同
Singapore (Guangfu) 同
Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
Lichuan 和
Pingxiang 同, 跟
Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
Yudu 澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
Hong Kong 摎
Kuala Lumpur (Huiyang) 摎
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 同
Kuching (Hepo) 佮
Huizhou Jixi 搭
Shexian 搭
Huangshan (Tunxi) 和, 合
Xiuning 合
Yixian 和, 同
Qimen 跟
Wuyuan 剛
Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
Xinzhou 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 邀
Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 共
Fuzhou (Changle) 共
Fuqing 共
Yongtai 共
Gutian 共
Fu'an 共
Ningde 共
Shouning 隨
Zhouning 傮, 共
Fuding 跟
Southern Min Xiamen 佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
Quanzhou 佮, 交
Zhangzhou 佮
Tainan 佮
Hsinchu 交
Penang (Hokkien) 佮
Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
Chaozhou 佮, 共
Shantou 佮
Jieyang 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮
Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
Leizhou 共
Wenchang 共
Haikou 共
Qionghai 共
Puxian Min Putian 共
Xianyou 共
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 同, 同埋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
Shanghai (Jiading) 搭, 脫, 脫仔
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
Danyang 同, 跟
Hangzhou 同
Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou 伉
Jinhua 亨, 跟
Xiang Changsha 跟
Loudi 跟
Shuangfeng 跟, 同
See also
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  • 而 (ér, “and”), used to connect two clauses or adjectives

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 與
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊洳切
Baxter yoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jɨə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/iɔH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭoH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 與
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yoH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢ(r)aʔ-s/
English participate in

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 與
Reading # 3/3
No. 15904
Phonetic
component 		舁
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		豫
Old
Chinese 		/*las/

Definitions

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與

  1. to participate
    參與／参与  ―  cānyù  ―  to participate
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to interfere

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Rime
Character 與
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以諸切
Baxter yo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/iɔ/
Wang
Li 		/jĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 與
Reading # 1/3
No. 15891
Phonetic
component 		舁
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		余
Old
Chinese 		/*la/
Notes 舁分化字，中加牙表咬牙合力，
牙兼聲

Definitions

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與

  1. (Classical, alt. form 歟／欤) Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 与
Kyūjitai 與

Kanji

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與

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 与)

  1. participate in
  2. give
  3. award
  4. impart
  5. provide
  6. cause

Readings

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Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 與 (MC yoX, “give; for; and”).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 영〯 (Yale: yě)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jɘ(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [여(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

與 (eumhun 더불 여 (deobul yeo))
與 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo))

  1. hanja form? of 여 (“and; with; to; for”) [affix]
  2. hanja form? of 여 (“to give; to grant”) [affix]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 與 (MC yoH, “to participate”).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 영〮 (Yale: yé)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jɘ(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [여(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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與 (eumhun 참여할 여 (chamyeohal yeo))

  1. hanja form? of 여 (“to participate”) [affix]

Compounds

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Noun

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Hanja in this term
與

與 • (yeo) (hangeul 여)

  1. (in news headlines) short for 與(여)黨(당) (yeodang, “(politics) the ruling party”)
    Antonym: 野(야) (ya, “(politics) the opposition party”)
Usage notes
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A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

Derived terms
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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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與: Hán Việt readings: dữ[1][2][3], dự[1]
與: Nôm readings: dữ[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], dở[6][7], trở[1], giữ[6]

  1. chữ Nôm form of dở (“unfinished; bad; uninteresting”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of dữ (“ferocious”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of giữ (“to keep; to safeguard”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Trần (2004).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bonet (1899).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Génibrel (1898).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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