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百

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻
百 U+767E, 百
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E
← 白
[U+767D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癿 →
[U+767F]
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Translingual

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Stroke order
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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百 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, Cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 百
alternative forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 百
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːɡ): semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pV-rja(k).

皕 (bì, “two hundred”) is derived from 百 (bǎi), perhaps by abbreviation of an ancient pronunciation of 二百 Sagart (2023c).

Pronunciation

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Note: bó - used in 百色.
Note:
  • bak1 - used as a standalone number;
  • bak2 - used in some compounds (e.g. 百貨).
Note:
  • bah6 - vernacular;
  • bet6 - literary (e.g. 百貨).
Note:
  • báh - vernacular (“hundred”);
  • báik - literary (“numerous”).
Note:
  • ba6 - vernacular;
  • beh6 - literary.
Note:
  • pah/peeh - vernacular;
  • peh/peeh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 百姓);
  • pek/piak - literary.
Note: 7peq - Suzhounese literary reading, only bookish/stylized usage.
Rime
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博陌切
Baxter paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/pɐk̚/
Wang
Li 		/pɐk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǎi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁrak/
English hundred

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
No. 194
Phonetic
component 		白
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		伯
Old
Chinese 		/*praːɡ/

Definitions

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百

  1. hundred
    四百  ―  sì bǎi  ―  four hundred
    百四 [Cantonese]  ―  baak3 sei3 [Jyutping]  ―  one hundred and forty
    長命百歲／长命百岁  ―  chángmìngbǎisuì  ―  to live to be a hundred
  2. numerous; countless; many
    千方百計／千方百计  ―  qiānfāngbǎijì  ―  by every conceivable means
  3. every; all
  4. a surname, Bai, Baak, and Bak

Synonyms

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  • (numerous):

See also

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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万 百萬 / 百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億 / 亿 兆
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写) 		零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟 萬 / 万 億 / 亿

In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant 幺 for the numeral 一 in Mandarin.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (百):
  • → Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
  • → Korean: 백(百) (baek)
  • → Vietnamese: bách (百)

Others:

Further reading

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Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  99 100 200  > 
    Cardinal : 百

Kanji

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百

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく
Grade: 1
goon

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek, literally “hundred”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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百(ひゃく) • (hyaku) 

  1. hundred
  2. a very many, lots, a lot
  3. one hundred years old, advanced age
Usage notes
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This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms
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Idioms
Derived terms
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Derived terms
v • d • e
Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0零れい, ゼロrei, zero
1一いちichi
2二にni
3三さんsan
4四よん, しyon, shi
5五ごgo
6六ろくroku
7七なな, しちnana, shichi
8八はちhachi
9九きゅう, くkyū, ku
10十じゅうjū
100百ひゃくhyaku
1,000千, 一千せん, いっせんsen, issen
10,000一万, 万いちまん, まんichiman, man
100,000,000一億, 億いちおく, おくichioku, oku
v • d • e
Japanese counter/suffix: 百 (ひゃく, hyaku, “hundred”)
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
100百ひゃくhyaku
200二百にひゃくnihyaku
300三百さんびゃくsanbyaku
400四百よんひゃくyonhyaku
500五百ごひゃくgohyaku
600六百ろっぴゃくroppyaku
700七百ななひゃくnanahyaku
800八百はっぴゃくhappyaku
900九百きゅうひゃくkyūhyaku
?何百なんびゃくnanbyaku

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
百
もも
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/mo1mo1/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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百(もも) • (momo) 

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes
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While the ho or o readings are only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
百
ほ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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百(ほ) • (ho) 

  1. (obsolete) hundred
  2. (obsolete) a very many
Usage notes
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While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o.

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
百
お
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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百(お) • (o) ←ほ (fo)?

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes
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While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, o is only used in compounds. This o was previously pronounced ho, from ancient po (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms
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Derived terms
v • d • e
Japanese counter/suffix: 百 (お, o, “hundred”, the kun'yomi reading of 百)
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
100百ももmomo
200二百ふたももfutamomo
300三百みおmio
400四百よおyoo
500五百いおio
600六百むおmuo
700七百ななおnanao
800八百やおyao
900九百

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Korean numbers (edit)
 ←  10  ←  90 100 1,000  →  100,000  → 
10
    Sino-Korean: 백 (baek)
    Hanja: 百

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 온〮 (Yale: wón) ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)
Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

百 (eumhun 일백(一百) 백 (ilbaek baek))

  1. hanja form? of 백 (“hundred”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bá[2][3][4]
百: Nôm readings: bách[2][3][4][5][6], bá[2][7][4][5][6], trăm[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of bách (“hundred”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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