Jump to content

德

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 徳 and 惪
德 U+5FB7, 德
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB7
← 徶
[U+5FB6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徸 →
[U+5FB8]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
15 strokes

Han character

[edit]

德 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+12, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 竹人十田心 (HOJWP), four-corner 24236, composition ⿰彳𢛳)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 371, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10243
  • Dae Jaweon: page 698, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 841, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+5FB7

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 德
2nd round simp. ⿱一心
alternative forms
徳
惪
悳
㥁
恴
徳
惪
悳
㥁
恴
㥀
㤫
𢛳
𢜖
𢠀
𢤊
𨗌
𨗤
 

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
置 *tɯɡs
值 *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植 *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴 *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪 *tɯːɡ
德 *tɯːɡ
稙 *tɯɡ
淔 *tʰɯɡ
直 *dɯɡ
犆 *dɯɡ
殖 *djɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, *tˤək): semantic 彳 (“road”) + phonetic 惪 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”). It was written as 惪 in Chu script and 直 (OC *drək) in Qi script.

Etymology

[edit]
“virtue; morality; favour”
An allofam is probably 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also seen as phonetically related to 得 (OC *tɯːɡ, “to obtain”) (Han Feizi[1]; Liu, 1988; Chen & Xu, 1989; Xu & Li 2000; apud Theobald, 2018[2])
“Germany”
Shortening of 德意志 (Déyìzhì), derived from German Deutsch.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 多則切
Baxter tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tək̚/
Li
Rong 		/tək̚/
Wang
Li 		/tək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		de
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁək/
English virtue

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
No. 17266
Phonetic
component 		直
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		德
Old
Chinese 		/*tɯːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

德

  1. (archaic, literary) grace; a beneficent boon; blessing
    • 上帝降懿德 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      From: 史牆盤
      shàngdì jiàng yì dé- [Pinyin]
      The High God sent down splendid grace...
  2. virtue; moral excellence; integrity; moral character or conduct; exemplary moral power
    明德  ―  míngdé  ―  luminous virtue;
    道德  ―  dàodé  ―  morality; ethics;
    德行  ―  déxíng  ―  virtue; virtuous conduct;
    品德  ―  pǐndé  ―  moral character;
  3. merit; good deed; benevolence or kindness shown to others; favor; benefaction; benevolent government
    德政  ―  dézhèng  ―  benevolent government;
    恩德  ―  ēndé  ―  grace; favor;
    功德  ―  gōngdé  ―  merit; meritorious virtue;
    積德／积德  ―  jīdé  ―  to do good; to accumulate merit;
    刑德  ―  xíngdé  ―  punishments and rewards; punishment and virtue
  4. heart; mind; intention; affection; fidelity
    同心同德  ―  tóngxīntóngdé  ―  of one heart and one mind;
  5. (philosophical) inherent potency, efficacy, or endowment
    性德  ―  xìngdé  ―  innate virtue;
    水德  ―  shuǐdé  ―  the nature or potency of water; Water virtue;
    五德終始／五德终始  ―  wǔdézhōngshǐ  ―  the cycle of the Five Virtues/Phases
  6. (historical) (～州) De (a former prefecture of imperial China around Dezhou in northwestern Shandong)
  7. short for 德意志 (Déyìzhì): Germany (a country in Central Europe); German
    德國／德国  ―  déguó  ―  Germany;
    德語／德语  ―  déyǔ  ―  German language;
  8. Used in transcription.
    唐納德／唐纳德  ―  Tángnàdé  ―  Donald
    馬德里／马德里  ―  Mǎdélǐ  ―  Madrid
    多特蒙德  ―  Duōtèméngdé  ―  Dortmund

Synonyms

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 徳
Kyūjitai 德

Kanji

[edit]
德

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 徳)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 徳.

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: とく (toku)
  • Kan-on: とく (toku)
  • Kun: おしえ (oshie)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

德 (eumhun 덕 덕 (deok deok))

  1. hanja form? of 덕 (“benevolence; virtue”)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

德: Hán Nôm readings: đức

Noun

[edit]

德

  1. chữ Hán form of đức (“virtue; righteousness”)

Proper noun

[edit]

德

  1. chữ Hán form of Đức (“Germany”)

Zhuang

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

德

  1. Sawndip form of daek
  2. Sawndip form of saek

Noun

[edit]

德

  1. Sawndip form of daep (“liver”)
  2. Sawndip form of gyaeg
  3. Sawndip form of ndw (“navel”)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=德&oldid=92356893"