vigorous

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-der.

Proto-Italic *wegēō?

Latin vigeō

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *-ōs

Proto-Italic *-ōs

Latin -or

Latin vigor

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?

Proto-Italic *-ō̆tsos?

Old Latin -ōssus

Latin -osus

Medieval Latin vigōrōsus

Old French vigoros

Anglo-Norman vigrusder.

English vigorous

From Anglo-Norman vigrus, from Old French vigoros (whence French vigoureux), from Medieval Latin vigōrōsus, from Latin vigor. Doublet of vigoroso.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/
• (Appalachians, obsolete) IPA^(key): /ˈvaɪɡɹəs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪɡəɹəs

Adjective

vigorous (comparative more vigorous, superlative most vigorous)

1. Physically strong and active.

   Synonym: (informal) two-fisted

   a vigorous scrub

   a vigorous search

   • 1895, Annual Report of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, page 280:

     Life in the country will be fuller, richer, and more comfortful, because it is freer, healthier, and more vigorous.

   • 1976, Joni Mitchell, “Song for Sharon”:

     Now there are twenty-nine skaters on Wollman Rink
     Circling in singles and in pairs
     In this vigorous anonymity

2. Mentally strong and active.
3. Rapid of growth.

   a vigorous shrub

Derived terms

• overvigorous
• supervigorous
• unvigorous
• vigorously
• vigorousness

Translations

physically strong and active

• Albanian: ardhangët (sq)
• Armenian: զորեղ (hy) (zoreġ)
• Bhojpuri: जोरदार (jōrᵊdār)
• Bulgarian: силен (bg) (silen), мощен (bg) (mošten)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 剛勁 / 刚劲 (zh) (gāngjìng), 精力充沛的 (jīnglìchōngpèi de), 轟轟烈烈的 / 轰轰烈烈的 (zh) (hōnghōnglièliè de)

• Dutch: krachtig (nl), sterk (nl)
• Esperanto: vigla
• Finnish: ponteva (fi), tarmokas (fi)
• Galician: vigoroso
• Georgian: ძლიერი (ʒlieri), ენერგიული (energiuli), მხნე (mxne)
• German: kräftig (de), stark (de), energisch (de), lebhaft (de), kraftvoll (de), heftig (de), flott (de), rüstig (de), eifrig (de), lebendig (de)
• Greek: ακμαίος (el) (akmaíos), ρωμαλέος (el) (romaléos)

  Ancient Greek: εὔτονος (eútonos), γοργός (gorgós), αἰζηός (aizēós) (Epic)

• Hindi: ज़ोरदार (zordār)
• Hungarian: makkegészséges (hu)
• Irish: bríomhar, ceolmhar, neartmhar, fuinniúil
• Italian: vigoroso (it)
• Japanese: 精力的 (ja) (seiryokuteki)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: xurt (ku)

• Latin: vegetus, vigrus, strēnuus
• Māori: tūperepere, hauoraora, tūkaha, mākā
• Polish: energiczny (pl)
• Portuguese: vigoroso (pt)
• Romanian: viguros (ro)
• Russian: си́льный (ru) (sílʹnyj), энерги́чный (ru) (energíčnyj)
• Spanish: vigoroso (es), viripotente
• Swedish: kraftfull (sv)
• Turkish: dinç (tr), canlı (tr), diri (tr), zinde (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: دینج (dinc) (active, energetic)

• Ukrainian: сильний m (sylʹnyj), енергійний m (enerhijnyj), інтенсивний m (intensyvnyj)

rapid of growth

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 蓬勃 (zh) (péngbó), 茂盛 (zh) (màoshèng), 生機勃勃的 / 生机勃勃的 (zh) (shēngjībóbó de)

• Finnish: elinvoimainen (fi), voimakas (fi)
• German: dynamisch (de), kräftig (de), kraftstrotzend (de), kraftvoll (de)
• Māori: tūperepere, haemata