compleo

Latin

Alternative forms

conpleō

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-

Proto-Italic *plēō

Latin pleō

Latin compleō

From con- + pleō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkɔm.pɫe.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkɔm.ple.o]

Verb

compleō (present infinitive complēre, perfect active complēvī, supine complētum); second conjugation

to fill up, fill full, fill out; make up, complete
Synonyms: impleō, expleō, repleō, suppleō, cumulō, stīpō, imbuō

Antonyms: exhauriō, dēpleō, dēfundō

Pōculum complēvit et hausit. Aquam et vīnum miscuit. Collāpsus est. ― He filled the cup and drank it. He mixed water and wine. He collapsed.
to cover, overwhelm
to occupy, set up a garrison (military)
Synonyms: occupō, obsideō, possideō, obtineō, capiō, teneō, potior
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.12:
  inter Palatinum Capitolinumque collem [...] complesset
  occupied the ground between the Palatine Hill and the Capitoline
(with food or drink) to fill, sate; satisfy
to finish, complete
(of a promise) to fulfil

Conjugation

Conjugation of compleō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	compleō	complēs		complet	complēmus	complētis		complent
	imperfect	complēbam	complēbās		complēbat	complēbāmus	complēbātis		complēbant
	future	complēbō	complēbis		complēbit	complēbimus	complēbitis		complēbunt
	perfect	complēvī	complēvistī, complēstī¹		complēvit, complēt¹	complēvimus, complēmus¹	complēvistis, complēstis¹		complēvērunt, complērunt, complēvēre¹
	pluperfect	complēveram, complēram¹	complēverās, complērās¹		complēverat, complērat¹	complēverāmus, complērāmus¹	complēverātis, complērātis¹		complēverant, complērant¹
	future perfect	complēverō, complērō¹	complēveris, complēris¹		complēverit, complērit¹	complēverimus, complērimus¹	complēveritis, complēritis¹		complēverint, complērint¹
passive	present	compleor	complēris, complēre		complētur	complēmur	complēminī		complentur
	imperfect	complēbar	complēbāris, complēbāre		complēbātur	complēbāmur	complēbāminī		complēbantur
	future	complēbor	complēberis, complēbere		complēbitur	complēbimur	complēbiminī		complēbuntur
	perfect	complētus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	complētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	complētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	compleam	compleās		compleat	compleāmus	compleātis		compleant
	imperfect	complērem	complērēs		complēret	complērēmus	complērētis		complērent
	perfect	complēverim, complērim¹	complēverīs, complērīs¹		complēverit, complērit¹	complēverīmus, complērīmus¹	complēverītis, complērītis¹		complēverint, complērint¹
	pluperfect	complēvissem, complēssem¹	complēvissēs, complēssēs¹		complēvisset, complēsset¹	complēvissēmus, complēssēmus¹	complēvissētis, complēssētis¹		complēvissent, complēssent¹
passive	present	complear	compleāris, compleāre		compleātur	compleāmur	compleāminī		compleantur
	imperfect	complērer	complērēris, complērēre		complērētur	complērēmur	complērēminī		complērentur
	perfect	complētus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	complētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	complē		—	—	complēte		—
active	future	—	complētō		complētō	—	complētōte		complentō
passive	present	—	complēre		—	—	complēminī		—
passive	future	—	complētor		complētor	—	—		complentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		complēre		complērī		complēns		—
future		complētūrum esse		complētum īrī		complētūrus		complendus
perfect		complēvisse, complēsse¹		complētum esse		—		complētus
future perfect		—		complētum fore		—		—
perfect potential		complētūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		complendī	complendō		complendum	complendō	complētum		complētū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

(Note: all terms have the sense of "finish, complete".)

Insular Romance:
- Old Sassarese: clomper
  - Sassarese: zompere
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: compiere
- Neapolitan: cùnchiere (Calabria)
Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: compler
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *accomplēre
- Italo-Romance:
  - Italian: accompiere

Reflexes of an assumed variant *complīre:^[1]

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: lompiri (Campidanese)
Balkano-Romance:
- Romanian: cumpli
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: compire
- Sicilian: cùnchiri
- Venetan: conpir
  - →? Friulian: compî
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: complî
Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: cunpîr
- Ligurian: compî
- Piedmontese: conpì
- Romagnol: ciumpì
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: complir
- Franco-Provençal: complir, camplli (Savoyard)
- Occitan: complir
- Old French: complir (see there for further descendants)
Ibero-Romance: (conservative outcomes of /pl-/ ?)
- Aragonese: complir, cumplir, cumpllir
- Asturian: cumplir
- Old Galician-Portuguese: comprir
  - Galician: cumprir, comprir
  - Portuguese: cumprir
- Old Spanish: cumplir, complir
  - Ladino: cumplir, cumpler
  - Spanish: cumplir
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *accomplīre
- Italo-Romance:
  - Italian: accompire
- Gallo-Romance:
  - Catalan: acomplir
- Franco-Provençal: acomplir, aconpli (Bressan)
  - Occitan: acomplir
  - Old French: acomplir (see there for further descendants)

References

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “complere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 981

^ Grandgent, Charles Hall (1907), An Introduction to Vulgar Latin (Heath's Modern Language Series), D. C. Heath & Company, page 167