Ghani (letter)

Ghani
Ghani
Ⴖ ⴖ ღ ღ
Usage
Writing system	Georgian script
Type	Alphabetic
Language of origin	Georgian language
Sound values	[ɣ], [ʁ]
In Unicode	U+10B6, U+2D16, U+10E6, U+1CA6
Alphabetical position	26
History
Time period	c. 430 to present
Transliterations	Gh, Ḡ, Ǧ, Ġ, Ɣ
Other
Associated numbers	700
Writing direction	Left-to-right
	This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

This article contains Georgian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Georgian letters.

Ghani, or Ghan (Asomtavruli: Ⴖ, Nuskhuri: ⴖ, Mkhedruli: ღ, Mtavruli: Ღ; Georgian: ღანი, ღან) is the 26th letter of the three Georgian scripts.^[1]

In the system of Georgian numerals, it has a value of 700.^[2] In the Georgian language, Ghani’s phonemic realisation can be classified as a voiced velar fricative /ɣ/,^[3] although it is argued that it can also be a voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/, depending on the context it appears in. It is typically romanized with the digraph Gh or with the letters Ḡ, Ǧ, Ġ, and Ɣ.^[4]

The mkhedruli form has become popular as an emoticon in the Western world due to its resemblance to a heart symbol and as part of a "love" emoticon, is often rendered as: ღ <3, and sometimes ღ(✿◠ᴗ◠)ღ

Letter

asomtavruli	nuskhuri	mkhedruli	mtavruli

Three-dimensional

asomtavruli	nuskhuri	mkhedruli

Stroke order

asomtavruli^[5]	nuskhuri^[6]	mkhedruli^[7]

Computer encodings

Character information
Preview	Ⴖ		ⴖ		ღ		Ღ
Unicode name	GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAN^[8]		GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GHAN^[9]		GEORGIAN LETTER GHAN^[8]		GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER GHAN
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	4278	U+10B6	11542	U+2D16	4326	U+10E6	7334	U+1CA6
UTF-8	225 130 182	E1 82 B6	226 180 150	E2 B4 96	225 131 166	E1 83 A6	225 178 166	E1 B2 A6
Numeric character reference	Ⴖ	Ⴖ	ⴖ	ⴖ	ღ	ღ	Ღ	Ღ

Braille

mkhedruli^[10]

References

↑ Machavariani, p. 136
↑ Mchedlidze, (2) p. 99
↑ Aronson, Howard Isaac. Georgian: A Reading Grammar. — Columbus, OH : Slavica Publishers, 1990. — p. 18. — ISBN 978-0-89357-207-5
↑ "Transliteration of Georgian" (PDF).
↑ Mchedlidze, I, p. 105
↑ Mchedlidze, I, p. 107
↑ Mchedlidze, I, p. 110
1 2 Unicode (1)
↑ Unicode (2)
↑ UNESCO, World Braille Usage, Third Edition, Washington, D.C. p. 45

Bibliography

Mchedlidze, T. (1) The restored Georgian alphabet, Fulda, Germany, 2013
Mchedlidze, T. (2) The Georgian script; Dictionary and guide, Fulda, Germany, 2013
Machavariani, E. Georgian manuscripts, Tbilisi, 2011
The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3, (1) Georgian, 1991-2013
The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3, (2) Georgian Supplement, 1991-2013

[1] Machavariani, p. 136

[Mched2-2] Mchedlidze, (2) p. 99

[3] Aronson, Howard Isaac. Georgian: A Reading Grammar. — Columbus, OH : Slavica Publishers, 1990. — p. 18. — ISBN 978-0-89357-207-5

[4] "Transliteration of Georgian" (PDF).

[5] Mchedlidze, I, p. 105

[6] Mchedlidze, I, p. 107

[7] Mchedlidze, I, p. 110

[UnicAsoMkh-8] 1 2 Unicode (1)

[9] Unicode (2)

[10] UNESCO, World Braille Usage, Third Edition, Washington, D.C. p. 45

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