Jharkhand
Jharkhand | |
|---|---|
| Etymology: "Forest Land" | |
| Nickname: "Land of Forests" | |
| Motto: | |
 Location of Jharkhand in India | |
| Coordinates: 23°21′N 85°20′E / 23.35°N 85.33°E | |
| Country | India |
| Region | East India |
| Previously was | Part of Bihar |
| Formation | 15 November 2000 |
| Capital | Ranchi |
| Largest city | Jamshedpur |
| Districts | 24 (5 divisions) |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Jharkhand |
| • Governor | Santosh Gangwar |
| • Chief Minister | Hemant Soren (JMM) |
| • Chief Secretary | Avinash Kumar[1][2] |
| Area | |
• Total | 79,716 km2 (30,779 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 15th |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 463 km (288 mi) |
| • Width | 380 km (240 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 1,365 m (4,478 ft) |
| Population (2011)[4] | |
• Total |  32,988,134 |
| • Rank | 14th |
| • Density | 414/km2 (1,070/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 24.05% |
| • Rural | 75.95% |
| Demonyms | Jharkhandi |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[5] |
| • Additional official | |
| • Official script | Devanagari script |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2026-27) | ₹624,868 crore (US$65 billion) (nominal)[8] $307.21 billion (PPP) |
| • Rank | 19th |
| • Per capita | ₹189,422 (US$2,000) (nominal)[9] $9,312 (PPP) (29th) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-JH |
| Vehicle registration | JH |
| HDI (2022) | 0.603[10] Medium (35th) |
| Literacy (2024) | 76.7%[11] (32nd) |
| Sex ratio (2021) | 948♀/1000 ♂[12] (26th) |
| Website | jharkhand |
| Symbols of Jharkhand | |
| Foundation day | Jharkhand Day |
| Bird | Koel |
| Fish | Clarias magur[13] |
| Flower | Palash |
| Mammal | Indian elephant[14] |
| Tree | Sal |
| State highway mark | |
 | |
| State highway of Jharkhand JH SH1 - JH SH | |
| List of Indian state symbols | |
Jharkhand (Hindi: Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [d͡ʒʱaːɾkʰəɳɖ] ⓘ; lit. 'the land of forests') is a landlocked state in eastern India.[15] The state shares borders with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state.[5] The city of Ranchi is its capital, and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites.[16][17] As per the 2011 census, Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities.[18]
Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of