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Catholic higher education

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dinand Library at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.

Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.

By definition, Catholic canon law states that "A Catholic school is understood to be one which is under control of the competent ecclesiastical authority or of a public ecclesiastical juridical person, or one which in a written document is acknowledged as Catholic by the ecclesiastical authority" (Can. 803). Although some schools are deemed "Catholic" because of their identity and a great number of students enrolled are Catholics, it is also stipulated in canon law that "no school, even if it is in fact Catholic, may bear the title 'Catholic school' except by the consent of the competent ecclesiastical authority" (Can. 803 §3).[1][citation needed] Some institutions are said to be "dependent" on the church.[2]

The Dominican Order was "the first order instituted by the Church with an academic mission",[3] founding studia conventualia in every convent of the order, and studia generalia at the early European universities such as the University of Bologna and the University of Paris. In Europe, most universities with medieval history were founded as Catholic. Many of them were rescinded to government authorities in modern times. Some, however, remained Catholic, while new ones were established alongside the public ones.

Like other private schools, Catholic universities and colleges are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of religious affiliation, nationality, ethnicity, or civil status, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted, and rules and regulations are obeyed for a fruitful life on campus. However, non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may or may not participate in otherwise required campus activities, particularly those of a religious nature.[4]

History

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The International Federation of Catholic Universities has its origins in 1924, in collaboration between the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan and the Catholic University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands.[5] In 2023, it had 226 member universities in the world.[6]

The Second Vatican Council's Declaration on Christian Education (1965), after setting out the Church's pronouncements on primary and secondary school education, outlined its "concern... also with schools of a higher level, especially colleges and universities", adding that "Catholic colleges and universities [should] be conveniently located in different parts of the world, but in such a way that they are outstanding not for their numbers but for their pursuit of knowledge".[2]

Purpose

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The Declaration on Christian Education portrays its higher education institutions as places where students can form "a deeper realization of the harmony of faith and science". Within them, "there is accomplished a public, enduring and pervasive influence of the Christian mind in the furtherance of culture", and from them, students should emerge "truly outstanding in their training, ready to undertake weighty responsibilities in society and witness to the faith in the world".[2]

Beyond its academic offerings, a Catholic university or college cultivates an active and engaging community which supports teamwork and creative thinking. By working with different organizations and institutions, the university strengthens its research efforts and expands its influence. It aims to develop graduates who are not only skilled in their disciplines but also socially conscious and prepared to positively impact society.

Global scale

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The Catholic Church is the largest non-governmental provider of higher education in the world. Many of its institutions are internationally competitive. According to the census of the Vatican's Congregation for Catholic Education, the total number of Catholic universities and higher education institutions around the world is 1,358.[citation needed] On the other hand, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) counts it at 1,861.[citation needed] The Catholic religious order with the highest number of universities around the world today is the Society of Jesus with 114.[7]

List of Catholic institutions of higher education

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To prevent repetition, for Ecclesiastical universities and faculties, see Ecclesiastical university, and for Pontifical universities, see Pontifical university.

Albania

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Angola

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Argentina

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Australia

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Austria

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Bangladesh

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Belarus

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  • John the Baptist Catholic College, Minsk

Belgium

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Belize

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Benin

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Bolivia

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Brazil

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Burkina Faso

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Burundi

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Cambodia

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Cameroon

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Canada

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Public universities that claim Catholic affiliation

Catholic institutions affiliated or federated to public universities

Private Catholic universities

Central African Republic

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  • Catholic University Center (Centre Catholique Universitaire; CCU), Bangui

Chile

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Colombia

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Congo, Democratic Republic of

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Congo, Republic of

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Costa Rica

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Croatia

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Cuba

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Czech Republic

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Dominican Republic

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Ecuador

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El Salvador

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Ethiopia

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France

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Catholic University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France

Georgia

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Germany

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Ghana

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Guatemala

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Haiti

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Honduras

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Hong Kong

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Hungary

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  • Apor Vilmos Catholic College, Vác
  • Eszterhazy Karoly Catholic University, Eger