python numpy.random详细解析

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转载最新推荐文章于 2024-10-25 17:03:19 发布 5.3w 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Numpy常用random随机函数汇总 numpy官方文档(scipy) https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.17.0/reference/ 函数名说明 seed([seed]) 设定随机种子，这样每次生成的随机数会相同 rand(d0,d1,d2.....) 返回数据在[0,1)之间，具有均匀分布 randn(d0,d1,d2....) 阅读详情

随机抽样 (`numpy.random`)

简单的随机数据

`rand`(d0, d1, ..., dn)	随机值 >>> np.random.rand(3,2) array([[ 0.14022471, 0.96360618], #random [ 0.37601032, 0.25528411], #random [ 0.49313049, 0.94909878]]) #random
`randn`(d0, d1, ..., dn)	返回一个样本，具有标准正态分布。 Notes For random samples from $技术分享$ , use: sigma * np.random.randn(...) + mu Examples >>> np.random.randn() 2.1923875335537315 #random Two-by-four array of samples from N(3, 6.25): >>> 2.5 * np.random.randn(2, 4) + 3 array([[-4.49401501, 4.00950034, -1.81814867, 7.29718677], #random [ 0.39924804, 4.68456316, 4.99394529, 4.84057254]]) #random
`randint`(low[, high, size])	返回随机的整数，位于半开区间 [low, high)。 >>> np.random.randint(2, size=10) array([1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]) >>> np.random.randint(1, size=10) array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) Generate a 2 x 4 array of ints between 0 and 4, inclusive: >>> np.random.randint(5, size=(2, 4)) array([[4, 0, 2, 1], [3, 2, 2, 0]])
`random_integers`(low[, high, size])	返回随机的整数，位于闭区间 [low, high]。 Notes To sample from N evenly spaced floating-point numbers between a and b, use: a + (b - a) * (np.random.random_integers(N) - 1) / (N - 1.) Examples >>> np.random.random_integers(5) 4 >>> type(np.random.random_integers(5)) <type ‘int‘> >>> np.random.random_integers(5, size=(3.,2.)) array([[5, 4], [3, 3], [4, 5]]) Choose five random numbers from the set of five evenly-spaced numbers between 0 and 2.5, inclusive (i.e., from the set $技术分享$ ): >>> 2.5 * (np.random.random_integers(5, size=(5,)) - 1) / 4. array([ 0.625, 1.25 , 0.625, 0.625, 2.5 ]) Roll two six sided dice 1000 times and sum the results: >>> d1 = np.random.random_integers(1, 6, 1000) >>> d2 = np.random.random_integers(1, 6, 1000) >>> dsums = d1 + d2 Display results as a histogram: >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> count, bins, ignored = plt.hist(dsums, 11, normed=True) >>> plt.show()
`random_sample`([size])	返回随机的浮点数，在半开区间 [0.0, 1.0)。 To sample $技术分享$ multiply the output of `random_sample` by (b-a) and add a: (b - a) * random_sample() + a Examples >>> np.random.random_sample() 0.47108547995356098 >>> type(np.random.random_sample()) <type ‘float‘> >>> np.random.random_sample((5,)) array([ 0.30220482, 0.86820401, 0.1654503 , 0.11659149, 0.54323428]) Three-by-two array of random numbers from [-5, 0): >>> 5 * np.random.random_sample((3, 2)) - 5 array([[-3.99149989, -0.52338984], [-2.99091858, -0.79479508], [-1.23204345, -1.75224494]])
`random`([size])	返回随机的浮点数，在半开区间 [0.0, 1.0)。（官网例子与random_sample完全一样）
`ranf`([size])	返回随机的浮点数，在半开区间 [0.0, 1.0)。（官网例子与random_sample完全一样）
`sample`([size])	返回随机的浮点数，在半开区间 [0.0, 1.0)。（官网例子与random_sample完全一样）
`choice`(a[, size, replace, p])	生成一个随机样本，从一个给定的一维数组 Examples Generate a uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3: >>> np.random.choice(5, 3) array([0, 3, 4]) >>> #This is equivalent to np.random.randint(0,5,3) Generate a non-uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3: >>> np.random.choice(5, 3, p=[0.1, 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0]) array([3, 3, 0]) Generate a uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3 without replacement: >>> np.random.choice(5, 3, replace=False) array([3,1,0]) >>> #This is equivalent to np.random.permutation(np.arange(5))[:3] Generate a non-uniform random sample from np.arange(5) of size 3 without replacement: >>> np.random.choice(5, 3, replace=False, p=[0.1, 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0]) array([2, 3, 0]) Any of the above can be repeated with an arbitrary array-like instead of just integers. For instance: >>> aa_milne_arr = [‘pooh‘, ‘rabbit‘, ‘piglet‘, ‘Christopher‘] >>> np.random.choice(aa_milne_arr, 5, p=[0.5, 0.1, 0.1, 0.3]) array([‘pooh‘, ‘pooh‘, ‘pooh‘, ‘Christopher‘, ‘piglet‘], dtype=‘\|S11‘)
`bytes`(length)	返回随机字节。 >>> np.random.bytes(10) ‘ eh\x85\x022SZ\xbf\xa4‘ #random

排列

shuffle(x)

现场修改序列，改变自身内容。（类似洗牌，打乱顺序）

>>> arr = np.arange(10)
>>> np.random.shuffle(arr)
>>> arr
[1 7 5 2 9 4 3 6 0 8]

This function only shuffles the array along the first index of a multi-dimensional array:

>>> arr = np.arange(9).reshape((3, 3))
>>> np.random.shuffle(arr)
>>> arr
array([[3, 4, 5],
       [6, 7, 8],
       [0, 1, 2]])

permutation(x)

返回一个随机排列

>>> np.random.permutation(10)
array([1, 7, 4, 3, 0, 9, 2, 5, 8, 6])

>>> np.random.permutation([1, 4, 9, 12, 15])
array([15,  1,  9,  4, 12])

>>> arr = np.arange(9).reshape((3, 3))
>>> np.random.permutation(arr)
array([[6, 7, 8],
       [0, 1, 2],
       [3, 4, 5]])

分布

`beta`(a, b[, size])	贝塔分布样本，在 `[0, 1]`内。
`binomial`(n, p[, size])	二项分布的样本。
`chisquare`(df[, size])	卡方分布样本。
`dirichlet`(alpha[, size])	狄利克雷分布样本。
`exponential`([scale, size])	指数分布
`f`(dfnum, dfden[, size])	F分布样本。
`gamma`(shape[, scale, size])	伽马分布
`geometric`(p[, size])	几何分布
`gumbel`([loc, scale, size])	耿贝尔分布。
`hypergeometric`(ngood, nbad, nsample[, size])	超几何分布样本。
`laplace`([loc, scale, size])	拉普拉斯或双指数分布样本
`logistic`([loc, scale, size])	Logistic分布样本
`lognormal`([mean, sigma, size])	对数正态分布
`logseries`(p[, size])	对数级数分布。
`multinomial`(n, pvals[, size])	多项分布
`multivariate_normal`(mean, cov[, size])	多元正态分布。 >>> mean = [0,0] >>> cov = [[1,0],[0,100]] # diagonal covariance, points lie on x or y-axis >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> x, y = np.random.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, 5000).T >>> plt.plot(x, y, ‘x‘); plt.axis(‘equal‘); plt.show()
`negative_binomial`(n, p[, size])	负二项分布
`noncentral_chisquare`(df, nonc[, size])	非中心卡方分布
`noncentral_f`(dfnum, dfden, nonc[, size])	非中心F分布
`normal`([loc, scale, size])	正态(高斯)分布 Notes The probability density for the Gaussian distribution is $技术分享$ where $技术分享$ is the mean and $技术分享$ the standard deviation. The square of the standard deviation, $技术分享$ , is called the variance. The function has its peak at the mean, and its “spread” increases with the standard deviation (the function reaches 0.607 times its maximum at $技术分享$ and $技术分享$ [R217]). Examples Draw samples from the distribution: >>> mu, sigma = 0, 0.1 # mean and standard deviation >>> s = np.random.normal(mu, sigma, 1000) Verify the mean and the variance: >>> abs(mu - np.mean(s)) < 0.01 True >>> abs(sigma - np.std(s, ddof=1)) < 0.01 True Display the histogram of the samples, along with the probability density function: >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> count, bins, ignored = plt.hist(s, 30, normed=True) >>> plt.plot(bins, 1/(sigma * np.sqrt(2 * np.pi)) * ... np.exp( - (bins - mu)*2 / (2 sigma**2) ), ... linewidth=2, color=‘r‘) >>> plt.show()
`pareto`(a[, size])	帕累托（Lomax）分布
`poisson`([lam, size])	泊松分布
`power`(a[, size])	Draws samples in [0, 1] from a power distribution with positive exponent a - 1.
`rayleigh`([scale, size])	Rayleigh 分布
`standard_cauchy`([size])	标准柯西分布
`standard_exponential`([size])	标准的指数分布
`standard_gamma`(shape[, size])	标准伽马分布
`standard_normal`([size])	标准正态分布 (mean=0, stdev=1).
`standard_t`(df[, size])	Standard Student’s t distribution with df degrees of freedom.
`triangular`(left, mode, right[, size])	三角形分布
`uniform`([low, high, size])	均匀分布
`vonmises`(mu, kappa[, size])	von Mises分布
`wald`(mean, scale[, size])	瓦尔德（逆高斯）分布
`weibull`(a[, size])	Weibull 分布
`zipf`(a[, size])	齐普夫分布

随机数生成器

`RandomState`	Container for the Mersenne Twister pseudo-random number generator.
`seed`([seed])	Seed the generator.
`get_state`()	Return a tuple representing the internal state of the generator.
`set_state`(state)	Set the internal state of the generator from a tuple.