ADROID 2.1 架构解析 10 声音

最新推荐文章于 2026-09-02 14:30:00 发布

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本文深入解析Android音频系统的架构，从音量控制到播放控制，再到音频服务与系统底层处理等核心模块。涵盖音效文件管理、音量设置流程及硬件接口交互等内容。

10 声音

10.1 音频管理

文件：frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/AudioManager.java

10.1.1 音量控制

/** @hide Default volume index values for audio streams */

public static final int[] DEFAULT_STREAM_VOLUME = new int[] {

4, // STREAM_VOICE_CALL

7, // STREAM_SYSTEM

5, // STREAM_RING

11, // STREAM_MUSIC

6, // STREAM_ALARM

5, // STREAM_NOTIFICATION

7, // STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO

7, // STREAM_SYSTEM_ENFORCED

11, // STREAM_DTMF

11 // STREAM_TTS

};

以上结构定义了默认音量。

public void adjustStreamVolume(int streamType, int direction, int flags) {

IAudioService service = getService();

try {

service.adjustStreamVolume(streamType, direction, flags);

} catch (RemoteException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "Dead object in adjustStreamVolume", e);

}

public void setStreamVolume(int streamType, int index, int flags) {

IAudioService service = getService();

try {

service.setStreamVolume(streamType, index, flags);

} catch (RemoteException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "Dead object in setStreamVolume", e);

}

将音量控制参数转给音频服务去处理。

10.1.2 播放控制

@Deprecated public void setParameter(String key, String value) {

setParameters(key+"="+value);

}

/**

* Sets a variable number of parameter values to audio hardware.

* @param keyValuePairs list of parameters key value pairs in the form:

* key1=value1;key2=value2;...

public void setParameters(String keyValuePairs) {

AudioSystem.setParameters(keyValuePairs);

}

cupcake的播放控制采用的是setrouting()方式进行，eclaire的播放控制改用setParameter方式，用参数设置的方式进行。

以上代码的功能是：将参数传给音频系统去进行处理。

10.2 音频服务

文件：frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/AudioService.java

10.2.1 音效

private static final String SOUND_EFFECTS_PATH = "/media/audio/ui/";

private static final String[] SOUND_EFFECT_FILES = new String[] {

"Effect_Tick.ogg",

"KeypressStandard.ogg",

"KeypressSpacebar.ogg",

"KeypressDelete.ogg",

"KeypressReturn.ogg"

};

public boolean loadSoundEffects() {

...

String filePath = Environment.getRootDirectory() + SOUND_EFFECTS_PATH + SOUND_EFFECT_FILES[SOUND_EFFECT_FILES_MAP[effect][0]];

...

return true;

}

音效文件放在：/system/media/audio/ui/ 目录下。

10.2.2 音量

public void setStreamVolume(int streamType, int index, int flags) {

ensureValidStreamType(streamType);

index = rescaleIndex(index * 10, streamType, STREAM_VOLUME_ALIAS[streamType]);

setStreamVolumeInt(STREAM_VOLUME_ALIAS[streamType], index, false, true);

// UI, etc.

mVolumePanel.postVolumeChanged(streamType, flags);

// Broadcast Intent

sendVolumeUpdate(streamType);

}

private void setStreamVolumeInt(int streamType, int index, boolean force, boolean lastAudible) {

VolumeStreamState streamState = mStreamStates[streamType];

if (streamState.setIndex(index, lastAudible) || force) {

// Post message to set system volume (it in turn will post a message

// to persist). Do not change volume if stream is muted.

if (streamState.muteCount() == 0) {

sendMsg(mAudioHandler, MSG_SET_SYSTEM_VOLUME, streamType, SENDMSG_NOOP, 0, 0,

streamState, 0);

}

private class AudioHandler extends Handler {

private void setStreamVolumeIndex(int stream, int index) {

AudioSystem.setStreamVolumeIndex(stream, (index + 5)/10);

}

private void setSystemVolume(VolumeStreamState streamState) {

// Adjust volume

setStreamVolumeIndex(streamState.mStreamType, streamState.mIndex);

...

}

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

int baseMsgWhat = getMsgBase(msg.what);

switch (baseMsgWhat) {

case MSG_SET_SYSTEM_VOLUME:

setSystemVolume((VolumeStreamState) msg.obj);

break;

...

音量设置通过消息发给消息处理，然后再转向音频系统进行处理：

AudioSystem.setStreamVolumeIndex

10.3 音频系统

文件：frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/AudioSystem.java

10.3.1 音频类型

* The audio stream for phone calls */

public static final int STREAM_VOICE_CALL = 0;

/* The audio stream for system sounds */

public static final int STREAM_SYSTEM = 1;

/* The audio stream for the phone ring and message alerts */

public static final int STREAM_RING = 2;

/* The audio stream for music playback */

public static final int STREAM_MUSIC = 3;

/* The audio stream for alarms */

public static final int STREAM_ALARM = 4;

/* The audio stream for notifications */

public static final int STREAM_NOTIFICATION = 5;

/* @hide The audio stream for phone calls when connected on bluetooth */

public static final int STREAM_BLUETOOTH_SCO = 6;

/* @hide The audio stream for enforced system sounds in certain countries (e.g camera in Japan) */

public static final int STREAM_SYSTEM_ENFORCED = 7;

/* @hide The audio stream for DTMF tones */

public static final int STREAM_DTMF = 8;

/* @hide The audio stream for text to speech (TTS) */

public static final int STREAM_TTS = 9;

10.3.2 输入输出设备

// output devices

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_EARPIECE = 0x1;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER = 0x2;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_WIRED_HEADSET = 0x4;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_WIRED_HEADPHONE = 0x8;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_SCO = 0x10;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_SCO_HEADSET = 0x20;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_SCO_CARKIT = 0x40;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP = 0x80;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP_HEADPHONES = 0x100;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP_SPEAKER = 0x200;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_AUX_DIGITAL = 0x400;

public static final int DEVICE_OUT_DEFAULT = 0x8000;

// input devices

public static final int DEVICE_IN_COMMUNICATION = 0x10000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_AMBIENT = 0x20000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_BUILTIN_MIC1 = 0x40000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_BUILTIN_MIC2 = 0x80000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_MIC_ARRAY = 0x100000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_BLUETOOTH_SCO_HEADSET = 0x200000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_WIRED_HEADSET = 0x400000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_AUX_DIGITAL = 0x800000;

public static final int DEVICE_IN_DEFAULT = 0x80000000;

10.3.3 转向底层处理

public static native int setParameters(String keyValuePairs);

public static native int setStreamVolumeIndex(int stream, int index);

对于参数设置和音量设置都转向C/C++文件进行处理。

10.4 音频系统底层处理

文件：frameworks/base/media/libmedia/AudioSystem.cpp

10.4.1 音量设置

const sp<IAudioPolicyService>& AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service()

{

...

sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();

...

binder = sm->getService(String16("media.audio_policy"));

...

}

status_t AudioSystem::setStreamVolumeIndex(stream_type stream, int index)

{

const sp<IAudioPolicyService>& aps = AudioSystem::get_audio_policy_service();

if (aps == 0) return PERMISSION_DENIED;

return aps->setStreamVolumeIndex(stream, index);

}

将参数传给音频策略进行处理。

10.4.1 参数设置

const sp<IAudioFlinger>& AudioSystem::get_audio_flinger()

{

...

sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();

binder = sm->getService(String16("media.audio_flinger"));

...

}

status_t AudioSystem::setParameters(audio_io_handle_t ioHandle, const String8& keyValuePairs) {

const sp<IAudioFlinger>& af = AudioSystem::get_audio_flinger();

if (af == 0) return PERMISSION_DENIED;

return af->setParameters(ioHandle, keyValuePairs);

}

将参数传给音频投掷进行处理。

主参数：

const char *AudioParameter::keyRouting = "routing";

const char *AudioParameter::keySamplingRate = "sampling_rate";

const char *AudioParameter::keyFormat = "format";

const char *AudioParameter::keyChannels = "channels";

const char *AudioParameter::keyFrameCount = "frame_count";

10.5 音频策略

文件：frameworks/base/libs/audioflinger/AudioPolicyService.cpp

void AudioPolicyService::instantiate() {

defaultServiceManager()->addService(

String16("media.audio_policy"), new AudioPolicyService());

}

注册名为media.audio_policy的服务。

AudioPolicyService::AudioPolicyService()

: BnAudioPolicyService() , mpPolicyManager(NULL)

{

...

mpPolicyManager = createAudioPolicyManager(this);

...

}

调用音频策略管理器。

status_t AudioPolicyService::setStreamVolumeIndex(AudioSystem::stream_type stream, int index)

{

...

return mpPolicyManager->setStreamVolumeIndex(stream, index);

}

将音量控制参数传给音频策略管理器。

10.6 音频投掷

文件：frameworks/base/libs/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp

void AudioFlinger::instantiate() {

defaultServiceManager()->addService(

String16("media.audio_flinger"), new AudioFlinger());

}

注册名为media.audio_flinger的服务

AudioFlinger::AudioFlinger()

: BnAudioFlinger(),

mAudioHardware(0), mMasterVolume(1.0f), mMasterMute(false), mNextThreadId(0)

{

...

mAudioHardware = AudioHardwareInterface::create();

...

}

status_t AudioFlinger::setParameters(int ioHandle, const String8& keyValuePairs)

{

...

result = mAudioHardware->setParameters(keyValuePairs);

...

}

将参数转向硬件接口去进行处理。

10.6.1 硬件接口

文件：frameworks/base/libs/audioflinger/AudioHardwareInterface.cpp

AudioHardwareInterface* AudioHardwareInterface::create()

{

...

hw = createAudioHardware();

...

}

调用音频设备。

10.7音频策略管理器

文件：hardware/msm7k/libaudio/AudioPolicyManager.cpp

extern "C" AudioPolicyInterface* createAudioPolicyManager(AudioPolicyClientInterface *clientInterface)

{

return new AudioPolicyManager(clientInterface);

}

status_t AudioPolicyManager::setStreamVolumeIndex(AudioSystem::stream_type stream, int index)

{

...

for (size_t i = 0; i < mOutputs.size(); i++) {

status_t volStatus = checkAndSetVolume(stream, index, mOutputs.keyAt(i), mOutputs.valueAt(i)->device());

if (volStatus != NO_ERROR) {

status = volStatus;

}

return status;

}

设置音量。

10.8 音频设备

文件：hardware/msm7k/libaudio/AudioHardware.cpp

extern "C" AudioHardwareInterface* createAudioHardware(void) {

return new AudioHardware();

}

status_t AudioHardware::setParameters(const String8& keyValuePairs)

{

AudioParameter param = AudioParameter(keyValuePairs);

String8 value;

String8 key;

...

key = String8(BT_NAME_KEY);

if (param.get(key, value) == NO_ERROR) {

...

}

return NO_ERROR;

}

处理setParameters参数。

标签

#stream #audio #string #system #notifications