JAVA Unit Test Mock framework

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-07-25 07:59:17 发布 295 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

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EasyMock

TestClassA {

 void setup() {
  //Create mock
  ClassBeingMocked mock1 = EasyMock.createMock(ClassBeingMocked);
 }


 void testMethod() {
  //Setup expectations
  EasyMock.expect(mock1.getAge()).andReturn(10);
  //Replay mode
  EasyMock.replay(mock1);
  //Test
  ClassBeingTested source = new ClassBeingTested();
  source.calculateAge(mock1);
  //Assertions
  assertEquals(50, source.getAverageAge());
  //Verification mode
  EasyMock.verify(mock1);
 }
}

Mockito

TestClassA {


 void setup() {
  //Create mock
  ClassBeingMocked mock1 = Mockito.Mock(ClassBeingMocked);
 }


 void testMethod() {
  //Setup expectations
  Mockito.when(mock1.getAge()).thenReturn(10);

  //Test
  ClassBeingTested source = new ClassBeingTested();
  source.calculateAge(mock1);

  //Assertions
  assertEquals(50, source.getAverageAge());

  //Verification mode
  Mockito.verify(source).someInternalMethodCalled();
 }
}

InjectMocks, Mock usage

ReflectionTestUtils to set private value.

    @InjectMocks
    private ComponentA componentA;

    @Mock
    private ComponentB componentB;

    @Before
    public void setUp()
    {
        Mockito.when(componentB.B(Mockito.anyObject())).thenReturn(null);

        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(componentA, "Feature", true);
    }

JMockit

@Mocked  //用@Mocked标注的对象，不需要赋值，jmockit自动mock
MyObject obj;
 
@Test
public void testHello() {
    new NonStrictExpectations() {//录制预期模拟行为
        {
            obj.hello("Zhangsan");
            returns("Hello Zhangsan");
            //也可以使用：result = "Hello Zhangsan";
        }
    };
    assertEquals("Hello Zhangsan", obj.hello("Zhangsan"));//调用测试方法
    new Verifications() {//验证预期Mock行为被调用
        {
            obj.hello("Hello Zhangsan");
            times = 1;
        }
    };
}

PowerMock

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({
 StaticService.class
})
public class ItemServiceTest {

 @Mock
 private ItemRepository itemRepository;

 @InjectMocks
 private ItemService itemService;

 @Before
 public void setUp() throws Exception {
  MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 }

 @Test
 public void readItemDescriptionWithoutIOException() throws IOException {

  //
  // Given
  //
  String fileName = "DummyName";

  mockStatic(StaticService.class);
  when(StaticService.readFile(fileName)).thenReturn("Dummy");

  //
  // When
  //
  String value = itemService.readItemDescription(fileName);

  //
  // Then
  //
  verifyStatic(times(1));
  StaticService.readFile(fileName);
  assertThat(value, equalTo("Dummy"));
 }
}

JUnit vs TestNG

JUnit 4 和 TestNG 在表面上是相似的。然而，设计 JUnit 的目的是为了分析代码单元，而 TestNG 的预期用途则针对高级测试。对于大型测试套件，我们不希望在某一项测试失败时就得重新运行数千项测试，TestNG 的灵活性在这里尤为有用。