Lucene 2.0 建立索引 与 1.4区别

建立索引的过程：

package org.apache.lucene;
import  org.apache.lucene.index.*;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.*;
import org.apache.lucene.document.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;
//import org.apache.lucene.store.*;;
/**
 * @author cao
 *
 * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
 */
public class Indexer {

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
  if (args.length != 2){
   throw new Exception ("usage: java " + Indexer.class.getName() + "<index dir> <data dir>");
  }
  File indexDir = new File(args[0]);      //在指定的目录创建索引
  File dataDir = new File(args[1]);       //索引此目录下的文件
  
  long start = new Date().getTime();
  int  numIndexed = index(indexDir, dataDir);
  long end = new Date().getTime();
  System.out.println("Indexing " + numIndexed + " files took " + (end - start ) + " milliseconds");
 }
  
 public static int index(File indexDir, File dataDir) throws IOException {
  if (!dataDir.exists() || !dataDir.isDirectory()){
   throw new IOException(dataDir + "does not exit or is not a directory");
   }
  IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(indexDir , new StandardAnalyzer(),true);
  writer.setUseCompoundFile(false);
  indexDirectory(writer,dataDir);
  int numIndexed = writer.docCount();
  writer.optimize();                                            //索引优化
  writer.close();                                                  //关闭索引
  return numIndexed;
 }
 
 private static void indexDirectory(IndexWriter writer , File dir) throws IOException{
  File[] files = dir.listFiles();
  for(int i = 0; i < files.length; i++){
   File f = files[i];
   if(f.isDirectory()){
    indexDirectory(writer,f);    
   }else if(f.getName().endsWith(".txt")){
    indexFile(writer,f);
   }
  } 
 }
 
//  method to actually index a file using Lucene
 private static void indexFile(IndexWriter writer, File f)
 throws IOException {
  if (f.isHidden() || !f.exists() || !f.canRead()) {
   return;
  }
 System.out.println("Indexing " + f.getCanonicalPath());
 Document doc = new Document();
 //doc.add(Field.Text("contents", new FileReader(f)));                               //Lucene 1.4 调用方法
 //doc.add(Field.UnIndexed("filename", f.getCanonicalPath()));              //Lucene 1.4 调用方法

   Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));  
 doc.add(new Field("contents",reader));
 doc.add(new Field("filename", f.getCanonicalPath(),Field.Store.YES,Field.Index.TOKENIZED));
 writer.addDocument(doc);
 }
 
} 

以下是转贴： 1.4 和 2.0 区别：

// 创建索引

    public void indexFiles() {

        // 创建索引文件存放路径

        File indexDir = new File("E://lucene_Learning//lucene-2.0.0src//src//demo//index");

        try {

            Date start = new Date();

            // 创建分析器,主要用于从文本中抽取那些需要建立索引的内容,把不需要参与建索引的文本内容去掉.

            // 比如去掉一些a the之类的常用词,还有决定是否大小写敏感.

            StandardAnalyzer standardAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();

            // 参数true用于确定是否覆盖原有索引的

            IndexWriter indexWriter = new IndexWriter(indexDir, standardAnalyzer, true);

            indexWriter.setMergeFactor(100);

            indexWriter.setMaxBufferedDocs(100);

            // 只索引这个Field的前5000个字，默认为10000

            indexWriter.setMaxFieldLength(5000);

            // 从数据库取出所有纪录

            List articleList = articleManager.getArticles(null);

            for (int i = 0; i < articleList.size(); i++) {

                Article article = (Article) articleList.get(i);

                // 在Document方法是创建索引的具体代码

                Document doc = Document(article);

                indexWriter.addDocument(doc);

            }

            // Optimize的过程就是要减少剩下的Segment的数量,尽量让它们处于一个文件中.

            indexWriter.optimize();

            indexWriter.close();

            Date end = new Date();

            System.out.println("create index: " + (end.getTime() - start.getTime()) + " total milliseconds");

        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println(" caught a " + e.getClass() + "/n with message: " + e.getMessage());

        }

    }

    public static Document Document(Article article)

            throws java.io.IOException {

        Document doc = new Document();

        // 为article表的主健创建索引，关于Field的几个参数下面有详细解释

        Field fieldId = new Field("uid", article.getArticleId(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.UN_TOKENIZED, Field.TermVector.YES);

        // 为detail字段创建索引，detail在DB中是clob字段，内容为html文本

        String contentHtml = article.getDetail();

        Reader read = new StringReader(contentHtml);

        // 用HTMLParser把detail字段中的HTML分析成文本在索引

        // HTMLParser这个类可以在lucene的demo中找到

        HTMLParser htmlParser = new HTMLParser(read);

        BufferedReader breader = new BufferedReader(htmlParser.getReader());

        String htmlContent ="";

        String tempContent = breader.readLine();

        while (tempContent != null && tempContent.length() > 0) {

            htmlContent = htmlContent + tempContent;

            tempContent = breader.readLine();

        }

        Field fieldContents = new Field("content", htmlContent,

                Field.Store.COMPRESS, Field.Index.TOKENIZED,Field.TermVector.YES);

        // db中的每条纪录对应一个doc，每个字段对应一个field

        doc.add(fieldId);

        doc.add(fieldContents);

        return doc;

    }

    // 搜索文件，keyword是你在页面上输入的查找关键字，这里查找的是detail字段

    public List searchFiles(String keyword){

        String index = "E://lucene_Learning//lucene-2.0.0src//src//demo//index";

        // hitsList用来保存db的纪录，这些纪录可以通过查询结果取到

        List hitsList = new ArrayList();

        try {

            Date start = new Date();

            IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(index);

            Searcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);

            Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();

            QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("content", analyzer);

            // 解析查询关键字，比如输入的是以空格等分开的多个查询关键字，这里解析后，可以多条件查询

            Query query = parser.parse(keyword);

            // hits用来保存查询结果，这里的hits相当于sql中的result

            Hits hits = searcher.search(query);

            for (int i = 0; i < hits.length(); i++) {

                Document doc = hits.doc(i);

                // 获得article表的主健

                String id = doc.get("uid");

                // 根据主健去db中取纪录，返回到hitsList中

                try {

                    Article article = articleManager.getArticle(id);

                } catch (ObjectRetrievalFailureException e) {

                    article = null;

                }

                       // 如果没有找到该纪录，表示该纪录已经不存在，不必添加到hitsList中

                if(article!=null)  hitsList.add(article);

            }

            searcher.close();

            reader.close();

            Date end = new Date();

            System.out.println("search files: " + (end.getTime() - start.getTime()) + " total milliseconds");

        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println(" caught a " + e.getClass() + "/n with message: " + e.getMessage());

        } catch (ParseException e) {

            System.out.println(" caught a " + e.getClass() + "/n with message: " + e.getMessage());

        }

        return hitsList;

    }

    // 删除索引

    public void deleteIndex(){

        String index = "E://lucene_Learning//lucene-2.0.0src//src//demo//index";

        try {

            Date start = new Date();

            IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(index);

            int numFiles = reader.numDocs();

            for (int i = 0; i < numFiles; i++) {

                // 这里的删除只是给文档做一个删除标记，你可以看到执行deleteDocument后会产生一个del后缀的文件，

                // 用来记录这些标记过的文件

                reader.deleteDocument(i);

            }

            reader.close();

            Date end = new Date();

            System.out.println("delete index: " + (end.getTime() - start.getTime()) + " total milliseconds");

        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println(" caught a " + e.getClass() + "/n with message: " + e.getMessage());

        }

    }

    // 恢复已删除的索引

    public void unDeleteIndex(){

        String index = "E://lucene_Learning//lucene-2.0.0src//src//demo//index";

        try {

            IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(index);

            reader.undeleteAll();

            reader.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println(" caught a " + e.getClass() + "/n with message: " + e.getMessage());

        }

}

Field就像我们学过的数据库中的字段，简单的说，就是一个名值对。这个域有三种属性，分别是

isStored - 是否被存储
isIndexed - 是否被索引
isTokenized - 是否分词

这些属性的组合又构成了四种不同类型的Field，而且各有用途

关于Field，2.0.0版本和1.4.3版本方法相比改动比较大，具体见下表

1.4.3版本中的下面方法都被Field(String name, String value, Store store, Index index, TermVector termVector)取代

Keyword(String name, String value) // only version 1.4.3
存储、索引、不分词，用于URI（比如MSN聊天记录的日期域、比如MP3文件的文件全路径等等）
Field(String name, String value, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.UN_TOKENIZED) // version 2.0.0

UnIndexed(String name, String value) // only version 1.4.3
存储、不索引、不分词，比如文件的全路径
Field(String name, String value,Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO) // version 2.0.0

UnStored(String name, String value) // only version 1.4.3
不存储、索引、分词，比如HTML的正文、Word的内容等等，这部分内容是要被索引的，但是由于具体内容通常很大，没有必要再进行存储，可以到时候根据URI再来挖取。所以，这部分只分词、索引，而不存储。
Field(String name, String value,Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.TOKENIZED)// version 2.0.0

Text(String name, String value) // only version 1.4.3
存储、索引、分词，比如文件的各种属性，比如MP3文件的歌手、专辑等等。Field.Store.YES, Field(String name, String value,Field.Index.TOKENIZED)// version 2.0.0

Text(String name, Reader value) // only version 1.4.3

Field(String name, Reader reader)  // version 2.0.0
不存储、索引、分词。