SnowFlake雪花算法生成分布式id

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-05-02 08:23:43 发布 530 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

雪花算法 Snowflake 生成分布式自增 ID 详解文章目录1、雪花算法概述2、雪花算法结构3、雪花算法生成的 ID 性质4、雪花算法的优点5、雪花算法的缺点 1、雪花算法概述 Snowflake 是 twitter 开发的全局唯一 ID 生成服务。 Twitter 的分布式雪花算法 Snowflake，经测试 Snowflake 每秒能够产生 26 万个自增可排序的ID twitter 的 Snowflake 生成ID能够按照时间有序生成 Snowflake 算法生成 id 的结果是一个 64bit 大小的整数，为一个 Long 型(转换成字符串后阅读详情

author ：Twitter

/**
 * 雪花算法SnowFlake
 * Created on 2019/3/14.
 *
 * @author Twitter
 */
public class IdSnowFlake {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IdSnowFlake flake = new IdSnowFlake();
        System.out.println(flake.nextId());
    }

    /**
     * 起始的时间戳
     */
    private final static long START_STMP = 1480166465631L;

    /**
     * 每一部分占用的位数,序列号占用的位数
     */
    private final static long SEQUENCE_BIT = 12;
    /**
     * 机器标识占用的位数
     */
    private final static long MACHINE_BIT = 5;

    /**
     * 数据中心占用的位数
     */
    private final static long DATACENTER_BIT = 5;

    /**
     * 每一部分的最大值
     */
    private final static long MAX_DATACENTER_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << DATACENTER_BIT);
    private final static long MAX_MACHINE_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << MACHINE_BIT);
    private final static long MAX_SEQUENCE = -1L ^ (-1L << SEQUENCE_BIT);

    /**
     * 每一部分向左的位移
     */
    private final static long MACHINE_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT;
    private final static long DATACENTER_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT + MACHINE_BIT;
    private final static long TIMESTMP_LEFT = DATACENTER_LEFT + DATACENTER_BIT;

    /**
     * 数据中心
     */
    private long datacenterId;
    /**
     * 机器标识
     */
    private long machineId;

    /**
     * 序列号
     */
    private long sequence = 0L;

    /**
     * 上一次时间戳
     */
    private long lastStmp = -1L;

    public IdSnowFlake(long datacenterId, long machineId) {
        if (datacenterId > MAX_DATACENTER_NUM || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("datacenterId can't be greater than MAX_DATACENTER_NUM or less than 0");
        }
        if (machineId > MAX_MACHINE_NUM || machineId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("machineId can't be greater than MAX_MACHINE_NUM or less than 0");
        }
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
        this.machineId = machineId;
    }

    public IdSnowFlake(){

    }

    /**
     * 产生下一个ID
     *
     * @return
     */
    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long currStmp = getNewstmp();
        if (currStmp < lastStmp) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id");
        }

        if (currStmp == lastStmp) {
            //相同毫秒内，序列号自增
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & MAX_SEQUENCE;
            //同一毫秒的序列数已经达到最大
            if (sequence == 0L) {
                currStmp = getNextMill();
            }
        } else {
            //不同毫秒内，序列号置为0
            sequence = 0L;
        }

        lastStmp = currStmp;

        // 时间戳部分 + 数据中心部分 + 机器标识部分 + 序列号部分
        return (currStmp - START_STMP) << TIMESTMP_LEFT
                | datacenterId << DATACENTER_LEFT
                | machineId << MACHINE_LEFT
                | sequence;
    }

    private long getNextMill() {
        long mill = getNewstmp();
        while (mill <= lastStmp) {
            mill = getNewstmp();
        }
        return mill;
    }

    private long getNewstmp() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }
}

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