递归调用的栈变化及函数调用示意

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-02-02 12:56:21 发布 1k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

深入理解函数调用过程以及函数栈的变化前言：函数在编程中的重要性不言而喻。函数三要素，函数参数以及局部变量存在于栈上，局部变量定义需要初始化等，这些所谓的函数特征都熟背于心，时刻指导着我们设计函数。但这背后的原理是如何的呢？底层的技术细节又是怎么实现？接下来将解开函数调用的神秘面纱！ 1 栈帧(Stack Frame) 从逻辑上讲，栈帧就是一个函数执行的环境：函数参数、函数的局部变量、函数返回地址。每个函数的每次调用，都有它自己独立... 阅读详情

#include <stdio.h> void main() { int a = 2; void e(int n); e(a); } void e(int n) { if (n > 0) { e(--n); printf("*%d*/n* ", n); e(n); printf("%d good!/n",n); } } | | main | | |_______________________| | | | pushl a = 2 |_______________________| | | call e | pushl IP | |_______________________| | | | pushl %ebp | |_______________________| | | a > 0 exec if| pushl a = 1 |_______________________| | | call e sec | pushl IP | |_______________________| | | | pushl %ebp | |_______________________| | | a > 0 exec if| pushl a = 0 |_______________________| | | call e third | pushl IP | |_______________________| | | | pushl %ebp | |_______________________| | | a == 0 return| pushl a = 0 |_______________________| | | | pushl $"*d*/n*" |_______________________| |show *0* | call printf | * | |______on screen________| | | | pushl a = 0 |_______________________| | | call e fourth| pushl IP | |_______________________| | | | pushl %ebp | |_______________________| | | a == 0 return| pushl a = 0 |_______________________| | | call printf | pushl |_______________________| |show | | 0 good* | |_______on screen_______| | | main |__________________| | | int a = 2 |__________________|/ | | e(2); |__________________| | | return void | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | |__________________| | | | | | | | $"%d good/n"| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | / |____________________| / |_______________| |___________________| | / | | / | | | | | / | if(2 > 0) | / | if(1 > 0) | | | |____________________|/ |_______________| |___________________| | | | | | | | | | e(1); | | e(0); |------->| return void | |____________________| |_______________| |___________________| |/ | |/ | | | | |printf("xxx"); | / |printf("xxx"); | | | |____________________| / |_______________| |___________________| | / | | / | | | | | | | / | e(0); |------->| return void | |____________________| / |_______________| |___________________| | / | | / | | | | | | | /|printf("yyy"); | | | |____________________| |_______________| |___________________| | | | | | | | | / | | | | | | |____________________| / |_______________| |___________________| | | | / | | | | | | | / | if(1>0) | | | / |____________________| / |_______________| |___________________| | | | / | | | | | | | / | e(0); |------->| return void | |____________________|/ |_______________| |___________________| | / | | | | | | | | e(1); | |printf("xxx"); | | | |____________________| |_______________| |___________________| | | |/ | | | | | |printf("yyy"); | / | e(0); |------->| return void | /|____________________| / |_______________| |___________________| | | | / | | | | | | | / |printf("yyy"); | | | |____________________| / |_______________| |___________________|